Shellcoding | Shellcoding utilities | Hacking library
kandi X-RAY | Shellcoding Summary
kandi X-RAY | Shellcoding Summary
Shellcoding Utilities and shellcode obfuscator generator.
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QUESTION
Edit: DISCLAIMER- This is for educational purposes only as I am trying to learn shellcoding in x86 asm -- this is not a request for assistance in writing an in-the-wild exploit in any way.
Basically what I am asking for here - regardless of the "why" I am asking for it is to learn how to take a known piece of information stored in memory such as:
...ANSWER
Answered 2019-Aug-14 at 03:26After another look at the question, your actual question was about concatenating stuff with a runtime-variable C-string from a known address in the target system. Like sprintf(buf, '\\%s\x.dll', 0x00xxxxxx)
.
(Actually it turns out it's actually a known constant length and value, and you were just trying to save payload size by copying it.) Update, see below for 35 byte versions that hard-code the whole string in the payload, and a 31-byte version that builds the \\...\x.dll
string around the string instead of copying.
Copying data small amounts of data is hard. x86 instructions take code-size for the opcode and for the addressing modes (register or memory) of your data, unless except for instructions with implicit operands like stos
or movsb
, or push
. And even those still use bytes for the opcode. Repeated single-byte elements are hard to take advantage of. At a large scale, if you have room to write a decompressor, you could include run-length encoding or even Huffman coding. But when your data isn't much bigger than a few instructions, it's all just little tricks like in the last part of this answer.
But maybe efficiently hard-coding it can be small enough, without reading the 13-byte IP address from a known address (which takes at least 7 bytes to generate in a register with mov eax, imm32
/ not eax
to avoid 0 bytes in the immediate)
In 32-bit mode, repeated push imm32
will build up an arbitrary-length string on the stack (in reverse order, of course).
Start by pushing an xor-zeroed register to get a 0-terminated C string. Your literal string is pure text, so I don't see any reason to worry about zero bytes other than that. But if you did, pad with a filler character and overwrite it with a byte-store from your zero register.
If it's not naturally a multiple of 4 bytes, you can sometimes expand \
to \\
or \\\
or \.\
in paths. Or use push imm8
for the last character (which you push first), also pushing 3 bytes of zeros for free. (Assuming your character is 1..127 so sign-extension produces zeros instead of 0xFF). For this case specifically, WinExec splits on spaces so push ' '
can push a space + terminating 0 bytes.
And/or if 4-byte alignment of the stack isn't needed, use 4-byte push word imm16
for the last 2 bytes of data (operand-size prefix + opcode + 2 bytes of data = 4 bytes of code).
The payload-size overhead is 1 push
opcode byte per 4 string bytes, plus the terminator, with the string size potentially padded up to a multiple of 4 byte.
The other main option is to include the string as literal data after the payload.
QUESTION
im new at shellcoding i try to write a shellcode for ( hello world ) so this is my first code with nulled bytes :
...ANSWER
Answered 2018-Dec-03 at 16:10i solve it by changing
char shellcode[]
to
const char shellcode[]
and using using the JMP/CALL/POP method
QUESTION
sorry if this question sounds dumb but I am very new to shellcoding and I was trying to get a hello world example to work on a 32 bit linux machine.
As this is shellcoding, I used a few tricks to remove null bytes and shorten the code. Here it is:
...ANSWER
Answered 2017-Oct-09 at 14:58Your shellcode does not work, because it is not entered in the correct endianness. You did not state how you extracted the bytes from the file print4
, but both objdump
and xxd
gives the bytes in correct order.
QUESTION
I am currently working on 'Pentester Academy's x86_64 Assembly Language and Shellcoding on Linux' course (www.pentesteracademy.com/course?id=7). I have one simple question that I can't quite figure out: what is the exact difference between running an assembly program that has been assembled and linked with NASM
and ld
vs. running the same disassembled program in the classic shellcode.c
program (written below). Why use one method over the other?
As an example, when following the first method, I use the commands :
...ANSWER
Answered 2017-Apr-26 at 12:11There is no theoretical difference between the two methods. In both you end up executing a bunch of assembly instructions on the processor.
The shellcode.c
program is there to just demonstrate what would happen if you run the assembly defined as an array of bytes in the unsigned char code[]
variable.
Why use one method over the other?
I think you don't understand the purpose of shellcodes and the reasoning behind the shellcode.c
program (why it shows what happens when an arbitrary sequence of bytes you have control on is executed on the processor).
A shellcode is a small piece of assembly code that is used to exploit a software vulnerability. An attacker usually injects a shellcode into software by taking advantage of common programming errors such as buffer overflows and then tries to make the software execute that injected shellcode.
A good article showing a step-by-step tutorial on how to generate a shell by performing shellcode injection using buffer overflows can be found here.
Here is how a classic shellcode \x83\xec\x48\x31\xc0\x31\xd2\x50\x68\x2f\x2f\x73\x68\x68\x2f\x62\x69\x6e\x89\xe3\x50\x53\x89\xe1\xb0\x0b\xcd\x80
looks like in assembler:
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