Flexible and powerful data analysis / manipulation library for Python, providing labeled data structures similar to R data.frame objects, statistical functions, and much more

<div align="center">
  <img src="https://pandas.pydata.org/static/img/pandas.svg"><br>
</div>

-----------------

# pandas: powerful Python data analysis toolkit
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## What is it?

**pandas** is a Python package that provides fast, flexible, and expressive data
structures designed to make working with "relational" or "labeled" data both
easy and intuitive. It aims to be the fundamental high-level building block for
doing practical, **real world** data analysis in Python. Additionally, it has
the broader goal of becoming **the most powerful and flexible open source data
analysis / manipulation tool available in any language**. It is already well on
its way towards this goal.

## Main Features
Here are just a few of the things that pandas does well:

  - Easy handling of [**missing data**][missing-data] (represented as
    `NaN`, `NA`, or `NaT`) in floating point as well as non-floating point data
  - Size mutability: columns can be [**inserted and
    deleted**][insertion-deletion] from DataFrame and higher dimensional
    objects
  - Automatic and explicit [**data alignment**][alignment]: objects can
    be explicitly aligned to a set of labels, or the user can simply
    ignore the labels and let `Series`, `DataFrame`, etc. automatically
    align the data for you in computations
  - Powerful, flexible [**group by**][groupby] functionality to perform
    split-apply-combine operations on data sets, for both aggregating
    and transforming data
  - Make it [**easy to convert**][conversion] ragged,
    differently-indexed data in other Python and NumPy data structures
    into DataFrame objects
  - Intelligent label-based [**slicing**][slicing], [**fancy
    indexing**][fancy-indexing], and [**subsetting**][subsetting] of
    large data sets
  - Intuitive [**merging**][merging] and [**joining**][joining] data
    sets
  - Flexible [**reshaping**][reshape] and [**pivoting**][pivot-table] of
    data sets
  - [**Hierarchical**][mi] labeling of axes (possible to have multiple
    labels per tick)
  - Robust IO tools for loading data from [**flat files**][flat-files]
    (CSV and delimited), [**Excel files**][excel], [**databases**][db],
    and saving/loading data from the ultrafast [**HDF5 format**][hdfstore]
  - [**Time series**][timeseries]-specific functionality: date range
    generation and frequency conversion, moving window statistics,
    date shifting and lagging


   [missing-data]: https://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/user_guide/missing_data.html
   [insertion-deletion]: https://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/user_guide/dsintro.html#column-selection-addition-deletion
   [alignment]: https://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/user_guide/dsintro.html?highlight=alignment#intro-to-data-structures
   [groupby]: https://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/user_guide/groupby.html#group-by-split-apply-combine
   [conversion]: https://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/user_guide/dsintro.html#dataframe
   [slicing]: https://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/user_guide/indexing.html#slicing-ranges
   [fancy-indexing]: https://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/user_guide/advanced.html#advanced
   [subsetting]: https://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/user_guide/indexing.html#boolean-indexing
   [merging]: https://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/user_guide/merging.html#database-style-dataframe-or-named-series-joining-merging
   [joining]: https://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/user_guide/merging.html#joining-on-index
   [reshape]: https://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/user_guide/reshaping.html
   [pivot-table]: https://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/user_guide/reshaping.html
   [mi]: https://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/user_guide/indexing.html#hierarchical-indexing-multiindex
   [flat-files]: https://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/user_guide/io.html#csv-text-files
   [excel]: https://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/user_guide/io.html#excel-files
   [db]: https://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/user_guide/io.html#sql-queries
   [hdfstore]: https://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/user_guide/io.html#hdf5-pytables
   [timeseries]: https://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/user_guide/timeseries.html#time-series-date-functionality

## Where to get it
The source code is currently hosted on GitHub at:
https://github.com/pandas-dev/pandas

Binary installers for the latest released version are available at the [Python
Package Index (PyPI)](https://pypi.org/project/pandas) and on [Conda](https://docs.conda.io/en/latest/).

```sh
# conda
conda install pandas
```

```sh
# or PyPI
pip install pandas
```

## Dependencies
- [NumPy - Adds support for large, multi-dimensional arrays, matrices and high-level mathematical functions to operate on these arrays](https://www.numpy.org)
- [python-dateutil - Provides powerful extensions to the standard datetime module](https://dateutil.readthedocs.io/en/stable/index.html)
- [pytz - Brings the Olson tz database into Python which allows accurate and cross platform timezone calculations](https://github.com/stub42/pytz)

See the [full installation instructions](https://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/install.html#dependencies) for minimum supported versions of required, recommended and optional dependencies.

## Installation from sources
To install pandas from source you need [Cython](https://cython.org/) in addition to the normal
dependencies above. Cython can be installed from PyPI:

```sh
pip install cython
```

In the `pandas` directory (same one where you found this file after
cloning the git repo), execute:

```sh
python setup.py install
```

or for installing in [development mode](https://pip.pypa.io/en/latest/cli/pip_install/#install-editable):


```sh
python -m pip install -e . --no-build-isolation --no-use-pep517
```

If you have `make`, you can also use `make develop` to run the same command.

or alternatively

```sh
python setup.py develop
```

See the full instructions for [installing from source](https://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/getting_started/install.html#installing-from-source).

## License
[BSD 3](LICENSE)

## Documentation
The official documentation is hosted on PyData.org: https://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable

## Background
Work on ``pandas`` started at [AQR](https://www.aqr.com/) (a quantitative hedge fund) in 2008 and
has been under active development since then.

## Getting Help

For usage questions, the best place to go to is [StackOverflow](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/pandas).
Further, general questions and discussions can also take place on the [pydata mailing list](https://groups.google.com/forum/?fromgroups#!forum/pydata).

## Discussion and Development
Most development discussions take place on GitHub in this repo. Further, the [pandas-dev mailing list](https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/pandas-dev) can also be used for specialized discussions or design issues, and a [Gitter channel](https://gitter.im/pydata/pandas) is available for quick development related questions.

## Contributing to pandas [![Open Source Helpers](https://www.codetriage.com/pandas-dev/pandas/badges/users.svg)](https://www.codetriage.com/pandas-dev/pandas)

All contributions, bug reports, bug fixes, documentation improvements, enhancements, and ideas are welcome.

A detailed overview on how to contribute can be found in the **[contributing guide](https://pandas.pydata.org/docs/dev/development/contributing.html)**.

If you are simply looking to start working with the pandas codebase, navigate to the [GitHub "issues" tab](https://github.com/pandas-dev/pandas/issues) and start looking through interesting issues. There are a number of issues listed under [Docs](https://github.com/pandas-dev/pandas/issues?labels=Docs&sort=updated&state=open) and [good first issue](https://github.com/pandas-dev/pandas/issues?labels=good+first+issue&sort=updated&state=open) where you could start out.

You can also triage issues which may include reproducing bug reports, or asking for vital information such as version numbers or reproduction instructions. If you would like to start triaging issues, one easy way to get started is to [subscribe to pandas on CodeTriage](https://www.codetriage.com/pandas-dev/pandas).

Or maybe through using pandas you have an idea of your own or are looking for something in the documentation and thinking ‘this can be improved’...you can do something about it!

Feel free to ask questions on the [mailing list](https://groups.google.com/forum/?fromgroups#!forum/pydata) or on [Gitter](https://gitter.im/pydata/pandas).

As contributors and maintainers to this project, you are expected to abide by pandas' code of conduct. More information can be found at: [Contributor Code of Conduct](https://github.com/pandas-dev/.github/blob/master/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md)


pandas

<img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mwaskom/seaborn/master/doc/_static/logo-wide-lightbg.svg"><br>

--------------------------------------

seaborn: statistical data visualization
=======================================

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Seaborn is a Python visualization library based on matplotlib. It provides a high-level interface for drawing attractive statistical graphics.


Documentation
-------------

Online documentation is available at [seaborn.pydata.org](https://seaborn.pydata.org).

The docs include a [tutorial](https://seaborn.pydata.org/tutorial.html), [example gallery](https://seaborn.pydata.org/examples/index.html), [API reference](https://seaborn.pydata.org/api.html), [FAQ](https://seaborn.pydata.org/faq), and other useful information.

To build the documentation locally, please refer to [`doc/README.md`](doc/README.md).

Dependencies
------------

Seaborn supports Python 3.7+ and no longer supports Python 2.

Installation requires [numpy](https://numpy.org/), [pandas](https://pandas.pydata.org/), and [matplotlib](https://matplotlib.org/). Some advanced statistical functionality requires [scipy](https://www.scipy.org/) and/or [statsmodels](https://www.statsmodels.org/).


Installation
------------

The latest stable release (and required dependencies) can be installed from PyPI:

    pip install seaborn

It is also possible to include optional statistical dependencies (only relevant for v0.12+):

    pip install seaborn[stats]

Seaborn can also be installed with conda:

    conda install seaborn

Note that the main anaconda repository lags PyPI in adding new releases, but conda-forge (`-c conda-forge`) typically updates quickly.

Citing
------

A paper describing seaborn has been published in the [Journal of Open Source Software](https://joss.theoj.org/papers/10.21105/joss.03021). The paper provides an introduction to the key features of the library, and it can be used as a citation if seaborn proves integral to a scientific publication.

Testing
-------

Testing seaborn requires installing additional dependencies; they can be installed with the `dev` extra (e.g., `pip install .[dev]`).

To test the code, run `make test` in the source directory. This will exercise the unit tests (using [pytest](https://docs.pytest.org/)) and generate a coverage report.

Code style is enforced with `flake8` using the settings in the [`setup.cfg`](./setup.cfg) file. Run `make lint` to check. Alternately, you can use `pre-commit` to automatically run lint checks on any files you are committing: just run `pre-commit install` to set it up, and then commit as usual going forward.

Development
-----------

Seaborn development takes place on Github: https://github.com/mwaskom/seaborn

Please submit bugs that you encounter to the [issue tracker](https://github.com/mwaskom/seaborn/issues) with a reproducible example demonstrating the problem. Questions about usage are more at home on StackOverflow, where there is a [seaborn tag](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/seaborn).


seaborn

Statsmodels: statistical modeling and econometrics in Python

|PyPI Version| |Conda Version| |License| |Azure CI Build Status|
|Codecov Coverage| |Coveralls Coverage| |PyPI downloads| |Conda downloads|

About statsmodels
=================

statsmodels is a Python package that provides a complement to scipy for
statistical computations including descriptive statistics and estimation
and inference for statistical models.


Documentation
=============

The documentation for the latest release is at

https://www.statsmodels.org/stable/

The documentation for the development version is at

https://www.statsmodels.org/dev/

Recent improvements are highlighted in the release notes

https://www.statsmodels.org/stable/release/

Backups of documentation are available at https://statsmodels.github.io/stable/
and https://statsmodels.github.io/dev/.


Main Features
=============

* Linear regression models:

  - Ordinary least squares
  - Generalized least squares
  - Weighted least squares
  - Least squares with autoregressive errors
  - Quantile regression
  - Recursive least squares

* Mixed Linear Model with mixed effects and variance components
* GLM: Generalized linear models with support for all of the one-parameter
  exponential family distributions
* Bayesian Mixed GLM for Binomial and Poisson
* GEE: Generalized Estimating Equations for one-way clustered or longitudinal data
* Discrete models:

  - Logit and Probit
  - Multinomial logit (MNLogit)
  - Poisson and Generalized Poisson regression
  - Negative Binomial regression
  - Zero-Inflated Count models

* RLM: Robust linear models with support for several M-estimators.
* Time Series Analysis: models for time series analysis

  - Complete StateSpace modeling framework

    - Seasonal ARIMA and ARIMAX models
    - VARMA and VARMAX models
    - Dynamic Factor models
    - Unobserved Component models

  - Markov switching models (MSAR), also known as Hidden Markov Models (HMM)
  - Univariate time series analysis: AR, ARIMA
  - Vector autoregressive models, VAR and structural VAR
  - Vector error correction model, VECM
  - exponential smoothing, Holt-Winters
  - Hypothesis tests for time series: unit root, cointegration and others
  - Descriptive statistics and process models for time series analysis

* Survival analysis:

  - Proportional hazards regression (Cox models)
  - Survivor function estimation (Kaplan-Meier)
  - Cumulative incidence function estimation

* Multivariate:

  - Principal Component Analysis with missing data
  - Factor Analysis with rotation
  - MANOVA
  - Canonical Correlation

* Nonparametric statistics: Univariate and multivariate kernel density estimators
* Datasets: Datasets used for examples and in testing
* Statistics: a wide range of statistical tests

  - diagnostics and specification tests
  - goodness-of-fit and normality tests
  - functions for multiple testing
  - various additional statistical tests

* Imputation with MICE, regression on order statistic and Gaussian imputation
* Mediation analysis
* Graphics includes plot functions for visual analysis of data and model results

* I/O

  - Tools for reading Stata .dta files, but pandas has a more recent version
  - Table output to ascii, latex, and html

* Miscellaneous models
* Sandbox: statsmodels contains a sandbox folder with code in various stages of
  development and testing which is not considered "production ready".  This covers
  among others

  - Generalized method of moments (GMM) estimators
  - Kernel regression
  - Various extensions to scipy.stats.distributions
  - Panel data models
  - Information theoretic measures

How to get it
=============
The main branch on GitHub is the most up to date code

https://www.github.com/statsmodels/statsmodels

Source download of release tags are available on GitHub

https://github.com/statsmodels/statsmodels/tags

Binaries and source distributions are available from PyPi

https://pypi.org/project/statsmodels/

Binaries can be installed in Anaconda

conda install statsmodels


Installing from sources
=======================

See INSTALL.txt for requirements or see the documentation

https://statsmodels.github.io/dev/install.html

Contributing
============
Contributions in any form are welcome, including:

* Documentation improvements
* Additional tests
* New features to existing models
* New models

https://www.statsmodels.org/stable/dev/test_notes

for instructions on installing statsmodels in *editable* mode.

License
=======

Modified BSD (3-clause)

Discussion and Development
==========================

Discussions take place on the mailing list

https://groups.google.com/group/pystatsmodels

and in the issue tracker. We are very interested in feedback
about usability and suggestions for improvements.

Bug Reports
===========

Bug reports can be submitted to the issue tracker at

https://github.com/statsmodels/statsmodels/issues

.. |Azure CI Build Status| image:: https://dev.azure.com/statsmodels/statsmodels-testing/_apis/build/status/statsmodels.statsmodels?branchName=main
   :target: https://dev.azure.com/statsmodels/statsmodels-testing/_build/latest?definitionId=1&branchName=main
.. |Codecov Coverage| image:: https://codecov.io/gh/statsmodels/statsmodels/branch/main/graph/badge.svg
   :target: https://codecov.io/gh/statsmodels/statsmodels
.. |Coveralls Coverage| image:: https://coveralls.io/repos/github/statsmodels/statsmodels/badge.svg?branch=main
   :target: https://coveralls.io/github/statsmodels/statsmodels?branch=main
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   :alt: PyPI - Downloads
   :target: https://pypi.org/project/statsmodels/
.. |Conda downloads| image:: https://img.shields.io/conda/dn/conda-forge/statsmodels.svg?label=Conda%20downloads
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   :target: https://anaconda.org/conda-forge/statsmodels/
.. |License| image:: https://img.shields.io/pypi/l/statsmodels.svg
   :target: https://github.com/statsmodels/statsmodels/blob/main/LICENSE.txt


statsmodels

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![image](https://matplotlib.org/_static/logo2.svg)

Matplotlib is a comprehensive library for creating static, animated, and
interactive visualizations in Python.

Check out our [home page](https://matplotlib.org/) for more information.

![image](https://matplotlib.org/_static/readme_preview.png)

Matplotlib produces publication-quality figures in a variety of hardcopy
formats and interactive environments across platforms. Matplotlib can be
used in Python scripts, Python/IPython shells, web application servers,
and various graphical user interface toolkits.

## Install

See the [install
documentation](https://matplotlib.org/stable/users/installing/index.html),
which is generated from `/doc/users/installing/index.rst`

## Contribute

You've discovered a bug or something else you want to change -
excellent!

You've worked out a way to fix it -- even better!

You want to tell us about it -- best of all!

Start at the [contributing
guide](https://matplotlib.org/devdocs/devel/contributing.html)!

## Contact

[Discourse](https://discourse.matplotlib.org/) is the discussion forum
for general questions and discussions and our recommended starting
point.

Our active mailing lists (which are mirrored on Discourse) are:

-   [Users](https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/matplotlib-users)
    mailing list: <matplotlib-users@python.org>
-   [Announcement](https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/matplotlib-announce)
    mailing list: <matplotlib-announce@python.org>
-   [Development](https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/matplotlib-devel)
    mailing list: <matplotlib-devel@python.org>

[Gitter](https://gitter.im/matplotlib/matplotlib) is for coordinating
development and asking questions directly related to contributing to
matplotlib.

## Citing Matplotlib

If Matplotlib contributes to a project that leads to publication, please
acknowledge this by citing Matplotlib.

[A ready-made citation
entry](https://matplotlib.org/stable/users/project/citing.html) is
available.


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