Bytecode

1from solcx import compile_standard
2from web3 import Web3
3import json
4import os
5from dotenv import load_dotenv
6
7load_dotenv()
8
9with open("./SimpleStorage.sol", "r") as file:
10    simple_storage_file = file.read()
11
12compiled_sol = compile_standard(
13    {
14        "language": "Solidity",
15        "sources": {"SimpleStorage.sol": {"content": simple_storage_file}},
16        "settings": {
17            "outputSelection": {
18                "*": {"*": ["abi", "metadata", "evm.bytecode", "evm.sourceMap"]}
19            }
20        },
21    },
22    solc_version="0.6.0",
23)
24
25with open("compiled_code.json", "w") as file:
26    json.dump(compiled_sol, file)
27
28
29# get bytecode
30bytecode = compiled_sol["contracts"]["SimpleStorage.sol"]["SimpleStorage"]["evm"][
31    "bytecode"
32]["object"]
33
34
35# get ABI
36abi = compiled_sol["contracts"]["SimpleStorage.sol"]["SimpleStorage"]["abi"]
37
38# to connect to ganache blockchain
39w3 = Web3(Web3.HTTPProvider("HTTP://127.0.0.1:7545"))
40chain_id = 5777
41my_address = "0xca1EA31e644F13E3E36631382686fD471c62267A"
42private_key = os.getenv("PRIVATE_KEY")
43
44
45# create the contract in python
46
47SimpleStorage = w3.eth.contract(abi=abi, bytecode=bytecode)
48
49# get the latest transaction
50nonce = w3.eth.getTransactionCount(my_address)
51
52# 1. Build a transaction
53# 2. Sign a transaction
54# 3. Send a transaction
55
56
57transaction = SimpleStorage.constructor().buildTransaction(
58    {"chainId": chain_id, "from": my_address, "nonce": nonce}
59)
60print(transaction)
61
62Traceback (most recent call last):
63File "C:\Users\evens\demos\web3_py_simple_storage\deploy.py", line 
6452, in <module>
65transaction = SimpleStorage.constructor().buildTransaction(
66File "C:\Python310\lib\site-packages\eth_utils\decorators.py", line 
6718, in _wrapper
68return self.method(obj, *args, **kwargs)
69File "C:\Users\evens\AppData\Roaming\Python\Python310\site- 
70packages\web3\contract.py", line 684, in buildTransaction
71return fill_transaction_defaults(self.web3, built_transaction)
72File "cytoolz/functoolz.pyx", line 250, in 
73cytoolz.functoolz.curry.__call__
74return self.func(*args, **kwargs)
75File "C:\Users\evens\AppData\Roaming\Python\Python310\site- 
76packages\web3\_utils\transactions.py", line 114, in 
77fill_transaction_defaults
78default_val = default_getter(web3, transaction)
79File "C:\Users\evens\AppData\Roaming\Python\Python310\site- 
80packages\web3\_utils\transactions.py", line 60, in <lambda>
81'gas': lambda web3, tx: web3.eth.estimate_gas(tx),
82File "C:\Users\evens\AppData\Roaming\Python\Python310\site- 
83packages\web3\eth.py", line 820, in estimate_gas
84return self._estimate_gas(transaction, block_identifier)
85File "C:\Users\evens\AppData\Roaming\Python\Python310\site- 
86packages\web3\module.py", line 57, in caller
87result = w3.manager.request_blocking(method_str,
88File "C:\Users\evens\AppData\Roaming\Python\Python310\site- 
89packages\web3\manager.py", line 197, in request_blocking
90response = self._make_request(method, params)
91File "C:\Users\evens\AppData\Roaming\Python\Python310\site- 
92packages\web3\manager.py", line 150, in _make_request
93return request_func(method, params)
94File "cytoolz/functoolz.pyx", line 250, in 
95cytoolz.functoolz.curry.__call__
96return self.func(*args, **kwargs)
97File "C:\Users\evens\AppData\Roaming\Python\Python310\site- 
98packages\web3\middleware\formatting.py", line 76, in 
99apply_formatters
100response = make_request(method, params)
101File "C:\Users\evens\AppData\Roaming\Python\Python310\site- 
102packages\web3\middleware\gas_price_strategy.py", line 90, in 
103middleware
104return make_request(method, params)
105File "cytoolz/functoolz.pyx", line 250, in 
106cytoolz.functoolz.curry.__call__
107return self.func(*args, **kwargs)
108File "C:\Users\evens\AppData\Roaming\Python\Python310\site- 
109packages\web3\middleware\formatting.py", line 74, in 
110apply_formatters
111response = make_request(method, formatted_params)
112File "C:\Users\evens\AppData\Roaming\Python\Python310\site- 
113packages\web3\middleware\attrdict.py", line 33, in middleware
114response = make_request(method, params)
115File "cytoolz/functoolz.pyx", line 250, in 
116cytoolz.functoolz.curry.__call__
117return self.func(*args, **kwargs)
118File "C:\Users\evens\AppData\Roaming\Python\Python310\site- 
119packages\web3\middleware\formatting.py", line 74, in 
120apply_formatters
121response = make_request(method, formatted_params)
122File "cytoolz/functoolz.pyx", line 250, in 
123cytoolz.functoolz.curry.__call__
124return self.func(*args, **kwargs)
125File "C:\Users\evens\AppData\Roaming\Python\Python310\site- 
126packages\web3\middleware\formatting.py", line 73, in 
127apply_formatters
128formatted_params = formatter(params)
129File "cytoolz/functoolz.pyx", line 503, in 
130cytoolz.functoolz.Compose.__call__
131ret = PyObject_Call(self.first, args, kwargs)
132File "cytoolz/functoolz.pyx", line 250, in 
133cytoolz.functoolz.curry.__call__
134return self.func(*args, **kwargs)
135File "C:\Python310\lib\site-packages\eth_utils\decorators.py", line 
13691, in wrapper
137return ReturnType(result)  # type: ignore
138File "C:\Python310\lib\site-packages\eth_utils\applicators.py", line 
13922, in apply_formatter_at_index
140yield formatter(item)
141File "cytoolz/functoolz.pyx", line 250, in 
142cytoolz.functoolz.curry.__call__
143File "cytoolz/functoolz.pyx", line 250, in 
144cytoolz.functoolz.curry.__call__
145return self.func(*args, **kwargs)
146File "C:\Python310\lib\site-packages\eth_utils\applicators.py", line 
14772, in apply_formatter_if
148return formatter(value)
149File "cytoolz/functoolz.pyx", line 250, in 
150cytoolz.functoolz.curry.__call__
151return self.func(*args, **kwargs)
152File "C:\Users\evens\AppData\Roaming\Python\Python310\site- 
153packages\web3\middleware\validation.py", line 57, in 
154validate_chain_id
155raise ValidationError(
156web3.exceptions.ValidationError: The transaction declared chain ID 
1575777, but the connected node is on 1337
158transaction = 
159 SimpleStorage.constructor().buildTransaction( {
160    "gasPrice": w3.eth.gas_price, 
161    "chainId": chain_id, 
162    "from": my_address, 
163    "nonce": nonce, 
164})
165print(transaction)
166

1Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: tests/HiddenClassLambdaTest$LambdaRunner/0x0000000800c04400
2    at tests.HiddenClassLambdaTest.main(HiddenClassLambdaTest.java:22)
3Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: tests.HiddenClassLambdaTest$LambdaRunner.0x0000000800c04400
4    at java.base/jdk.internal.loader.BuiltinClassLoader.loadClass(BuiltinClassLoader.java:636)
5    at java.base/jdk.internal.loader.ClassLoaders$AppClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoaders.java:182)
6    at java.base/java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:519)
7    ... 1 more
8Exception in thread "main" java.lang.VerifyError: Bad type on operand stack
9Exception Details:
10  Location:
11    tests/HiddenClassLambdaTest$LambdaRunner+0x0000000800c00400.run()V @5: invokespecial
12  Reason:
13    Type 'tests/HiddenClassLambdaTest$LambdaRunner+0x0000000800c00400' (current frame, stack[2]) is not assignable to 'tests/HiddenClassLambdaTest$LambdaRunner'
14  Current Frame:
15    bci: @5
16    flags: { }
17    locals: { 'tests/HiddenClassLambdaTest$LambdaRunner+0x0000000800c00400' }
18    stack: { uninitialized 0, uninitialized 0, 'tests/HiddenClassLambdaTest$LambdaRunner+0x0000000800c00400' }
19  Bytecode:
20    0000000: bb00 1159 2ab7 0013 4cb1               
21
22    at java.base/java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass0(Native Method)
23    at java.base/java.lang.System$2.defineClass(System.java:2193)
24    at java.base/java.lang.invoke.MethodHandles$Lookup$ClassDefiner.defineClass(MethodHandles.java:2446)
25    at java.base/java.lang.invoke.MethodHandles$Lookup$ClassDefiner.defineClassAsLookup(MethodHandles.java:2427)
26    at java.base/java.lang.invoke.MethodHandles$Lookup.defineHiddenClass(MethodHandles.java:2133)
27    at tests.HiddenClassLambdaTest.main(HiddenClassLambdaTest.java:25)
28
29import java.lang.invoke.MethodHandles;
30
31public class HiddenClassLambdaTest {
32    /** This class is to be loaded and executed as hidden class */
33    public static final class LambdaRunner implements Runnable {
34        @Override public void run() {
35            Runnable runnable = () -> System.out.println("Success");
36            runnable.run();
37        }
38    }
39    
40    public static void main(String[] args) throws Throwable {
41        // Path to the class file of the nested class defined above
42        String nestedClassPath = HiddenClassLambdaTest.class.getTypeName().replace('.','/') + "$LambdaRunner.class";
43        // Class file content of the LambdaRunner class
44        byte[] classFileContents = HiddenClassLambdaTest.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream(nestedClassPath).readAllBytes();
45        Class<?> lambdaRunnerClass = MethodHandles.lookup().defineHiddenClass(classFileContents, true).lookupClass();
46        Runnable lambdaRunnerInstance = (Runnable) lambdaRunnerClass.getConstructor().newInstance();
47        lambdaRunnerInstance.run();
48    }
49}
50public class HiddenClassLambdaTest {
51
52    public static void main(String[] args) throws Throwable {
53        byte[] classFileContents = HiddenClassLambdaTest.class
54            .getResourceAsStream("HiddenClassLambdaTest$LambdaRunner.class")
55            .readAllBytes();
56        var hidden = MethodHandles.lookup()
57            .defineHiddenClass(classFileContents, true, ClassOption.NESTMATE);
58        Runnable lambdaRunnerInstance = (Runnable)hidden.findConstructor(
59            hidden.lookupClass(), MethodType.methodType(void.class)).invoke();
60        lambdaRunnerInstance.run();
61    }
62
63    static class LambdaRunner implements Runnable {
64        LambdaRunner field = this;
65
66        @Override
67        public void run() {
68        }
69    }
70}
71

1Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: tests/HiddenClassLambdaTest$LambdaRunner/0x0000000800c04400
2    at tests.HiddenClassLambdaTest.main(HiddenClassLambdaTest.java:22)
3Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: tests.HiddenClassLambdaTest$LambdaRunner.0x0000000800c04400
4    at java.base/jdk.internal.loader.BuiltinClassLoader.loadClass(BuiltinClassLoader.java:636)
5    at java.base/jdk.internal.loader.ClassLoaders$AppClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoaders.java:182)
6    at java.base/java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:519)
7    ... 1 more
8Exception in thread "main" java.lang.VerifyError: Bad type on operand stack
9Exception Details:
10  Location:
11    tests/HiddenClassLambdaTest$LambdaRunner+0x0000000800c00400.run()V @5: invokespecial
12  Reason:
13    Type 'tests/HiddenClassLambdaTest$LambdaRunner+0x0000000800c00400' (current frame, stack[2]) is not assignable to 'tests/HiddenClassLambdaTest$LambdaRunner'
14  Current Frame:
15    bci: @5
16    flags: { }
17    locals: { 'tests/HiddenClassLambdaTest$LambdaRunner+0x0000000800c00400' }
18    stack: { uninitialized 0, uninitialized 0, 'tests/HiddenClassLambdaTest$LambdaRunner+0x0000000800c00400' }
19  Bytecode:
20    0000000: bb00 1159 2ab7 0013 4cb1               
21
22    at java.base/java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass0(Native Method)
23    at java.base/java.lang.System$2.defineClass(System.java:2193)
24    at java.base/java.lang.invoke.MethodHandles$Lookup$ClassDefiner.defineClass(MethodHandles.java:2446)
25    at java.base/java.lang.invoke.MethodHandles$Lookup$ClassDefiner.defineClassAsLookup(MethodHandles.java:2427)
26    at java.base/java.lang.invoke.MethodHandles$Lookup.defineHiddenClass(MethodHandles.java:2133)
27    at tests.HiddenClassLambdaTest.main(HiddenClassLambdaTest.java:25)
28
29import java.lang.invoke.MethodHandles;
30
31public class HiddenClassLambdaTest {
32    /** This class is to be loaded and executed as hidden class */
33    public static final class LambdaRunner implements Runnable {
34        @Override public void run() {
35            Runnable runnable = () -> System.out.println("Success");
36            runnable.run();
37        }
38    }
39    
40    public static void main(String[] args) throws Throwable {
41        // Path to the class file of the nested class defined above
42        String nestedClassPath = HiddenClassLambdaTest.class.getTypeName().replace('.','/') + "$LambdaRunner.class";
43        // Class file content of the LambdaRunner class
44        byte[] classFileContents = HiddenClassLambdaTest.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream(nestedClassPath).readAllBytes();
45        Class<?> lambdaRunnerClass = MethodHandles.lookup().defineHiddenClass(classFileContents, true).lookupClass();
46        Runnable lambdaRunnerInstance = (Runnable) lambdaRunnerClass.getConstructor().newInstance();
47        lambdaRunnerInstance.run();
48    }
49}
50public class HiddenClassLambdaTest {
51
52    public static void main(String[] args) throws Throwable {
53        byte[] classFileContents = HiddenClassLambdaTest.class
54            .getResourceAsStream("HiddenClassLambdaTest$LambdaRunner.class")
55            .readAllBytes();
56        var hidden = MethodHandles.lookup()
57            .defineHiddenClass(classFileContents, true, ClassOption.NESTMATE);
58        Runnable lambdaRunnerInstance = (Runnable)hidden.findConstructor(
59            hidden.lookupClass(), MethodType.methodType(void.class)).invoke();
60        lambdaRunnerInstance.run();
61    }
62
63    static class LambdaRunner implements Runnable {
64        LambdaRunner field = this;
65
66        @Override
67        public void run() {
68        }
69    }
70}
71    static class LambdaRunner implements Runnable {
72        static void method(LambdaRunner arg) {
73        }
74
75        @Override
76        public void run() {
77            method(this);
78        }
79    }
80

1Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: tests/HiddenClassLambdaTest$LambdaRunner/0x0000000800c04400
2    at tests.HiddenClassLambdaTest.main(HiddenClassLambdaTest.java:22)
3Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: tests.HiddenClassLambdaTest$LambdaRunner.0x0000000800c04400
4    at java.base/jdk.internal.loader.BuiltinClassLoader.loadClass(BuiltinClassLoader.java:636)
5    at java.base/jdk.internal.loader.ClassLoaders$AppClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoaders.java:182)
6    at java.base/java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:519)
7    ... 1 more
8Exception in thread "main" java.lang.VerifyError: Bad type on operand stack
9Exception Details:
10  Location:
11    tests/HiddenClassLambdaTest$LambdaRunner+0x0000000800c00400.run()V @5: invokespecial
12  Reason:
13    Type 'tests/HiddenClassLambdaTest$LambdaRunner+0x0000000800c00400' (current frame, stack[2]) is not assignable to 'tests/HiddenClassLambdaTest$LambdaRunner'
14  Current Frame:
15    bci: @5
16    flags: { }
17    locals: { 'tests/HiddenClassLambdaTest$LambdaRunner+0x0000000800c00400' }
18    stack: { uninitialized 0, uninitialized 0, 'tests/HiddenClassLambdaTest$LambdaRunner+0x0000000800c00400' }
19  Bytecode:
20    0000000: bb00 1159 2ab7 0013 4cb1               
21
22    at java.base/java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass0(Native Method)
23    at java.base/java.lang.System$2.defineClass(System.java:2193)
24    at java.base/java.lang.invoke.MethodHandles$Lookup$ClassDefiner.defineClass(MethodHandles.java:2446)
25    at java.base/java.lang.invoke.MethodHandles$Lookup$ClassDefiner.defineClassAsLookup(MethodHandles.java:2427)
26    at java.base/java.lang.invoke.MethodHandles$Lookup.defineHiddenClass(MethodHandles.java:2133)
27    at tests.HiddenClassLambdaTest.main(HiddenClassLambdaTest.java:25)
28
29import java.lang.invoke.MethodHandles;
30
31public class HiddenClassLambdaTest {
32    /** This class is to be loaded and executed as hidden class */
33    public static final class LambdaRunner implements Runnable {
34        @Override public void run() {
35            Runnable runnable = () -> System.out.println("Success");
36            runnable.run();
37        }
38    }
39    
40    public static void main(String[] args) throws Throwable {
41        // Path to the class file of the nested class defined above
42        String nestedClassPath = HiddenClassLambdaTest.class.getTypeName().replace('.','/') + "$LambdaRunner.class";
43        // Class file content of the LambdaRunner class
44        byte[] classFileContents = HiddenClassLambdaTest.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream(nestedClassPath).readAllBytes();
45        Class<?> lambdaRunnerClass = MethodHandles.lookup().defineHiddenClass(classFileContents, true).lookupClass();
46        Runnable lambdaRunnerInstance = (Runnable) lambdaRunnerClass.getConstructor().newInstance();
47        lambdaRunnerInstance.run();
48    }
49}
50public class HiddenClassLambdaTest {
51
52    public static void main(String[] args) throws Throwable {
53        byte[] classFileContents = HiddenClassLambdaTest.class
54            .getResourceAsStream("HiddenClassLambdaTest$LambdaRunner.class")
55            .readAllBytes();
56        var hidden = MethodHandles.lookup()
57            .defineHiddenClass(classFileContents, true, ClassOption.NESTMATE);
58        Runnable lambdaRunnerInstance = (Runnable)hidden.findConstructor(
59            hidden.lookupClass(), MethodType.methodType(void.class)).invoke();
60        lambdaRunnerInstance.run();
61    }
62
63    static class LambdaRunner implements Runnable {
64        LambdaRunner field = this;
65
66        @Override
67        public void run() {
68        }
69    }
70}
71    static class LambdaRunner implements Runnable {
72        static void method(LambdaRunner arg) {
73        }
74
75        @Override
76        public void run() {
77            method(this);
78        }
79    }
80    static class LambdaRunner implements Runnable {
81        @Override
82        public void run() {
83            System.out.println("" + this);
84        }
85    }
86

1Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: tests/HiddenClassLambdaTest$LambdaRunner/0x0000000800c04400
2    at tests.HiddenClassLambdaTest.main(HiddenClassLambdaTest.java:22)
3Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: tests.HiddenClassLambdaTest$LambdaRunner.0x0000000800c04400
4    at java.base/jdk.internal.loader.BuiltinClassLoader.loadClass(BuiltinClassLoader.java:636)
5    at java.base/jdk.internal.loader.ClassLoaders$AppClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoaders.java:182)
6    at java.base/java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:519)
7    ... 1 more
8Exception in thread "main" java.lang.VerifyError: Bad type on operand stack
9Exception Details:
10  Location:
11    tests/HiddenClassLambdaTest$LambdaRunner+0x0000000800c00400.run()V @5: invokespecial
12  Reason:
13    Type 'tests/HiddenClassLambdaTest$LambdaRunner+0x0000000800c00400' (current frame, stack[2]) is not assignable to 'tests/HiddenClassLambdaTest$LambdaRunner'
14  Current Frame:
15    bci: @5
16    flags: { }
17    locals: { 'tests/HiddenClassLambdaTest$LambdaRunner+0x0000000800c00400' }
18    stack: { uninitialized 0, uninitialized 0, 'tests/HiddenClassLambdaTest$LambdaRunner+0x0000000800c00400' }
19  Bytecode:
20    0000000: bb00 1159 2ab7 0013 4cb1               
21
22    at java.base/java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass0(Native Method)
23    at java.base/java.lang.System$2.defineClass(System.java:2193)
24    at java.base/java.lang.invoke.MethodHandles$Lookup$ClassDefiner.defineClass(MethodHandles.java:2446)
25    at java.base/java.lang.invoke.MethodHandles$Lookup$ClassDefiner.defineClassAsLookup(MethodHandles.java:2427)
26    at java.base/java.lang.invoke.MethodHandles$Lookup.defineHiddenClass(MethodHandles.java:2133)
27    at tests.HiddenClassLambdaTest.main(HiddenClassLambdaTest.java:25)
28
29import java.lang.invoke.MethodHandles;
30
31public class HiddenClassLambdaTest {
32    /** This class is to be loaded and executed as hidden class */
33    public static final class LambdaRunner implements Runnable {
34        @Override public void run() {
35            Runnable runnable = () -> System.out.println("Success");
36            runnable.run();
37        }
38    }
39    
40    public static void main(String[] args) throws Throwable {
41        // Path to the class file of the nested class defined above
42        String nestedClassPath = HiddenClassLambdaTest.class.getTypeName().replace('.','/') + "$LambdaRunner.class";
43        // Class file content of the LambdaRunner class
44        byte[] classFileContents = HiddenClassLambdaTest.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream(nestedClassPath).readAllBytes();
45        Class<?> lambdaRunnerClass = MethodHandles.lookup().defineHiddenClass(classFileContents, true).lookupClass();
46        Runnable lambdaRunnerInstance = (Runnable) lambdaRunnerClass.getConstructor().newInstance();
47        lambdaRunnerInstance.run();
48    }
49}
50public class HiddenClassLambdaTest {
51
52    public static void main(String[] args) throws Throwable {
53        byte[] classFileContents = HiddenClassLambdaTest.class
54            .getResourceAsStream("HiddenClassLambdaTest$LambdaRunner.class")
55            .readAllBytes();
56        var hidden = MethodHandles.lookup()
57            .defineHiddenClass(classFileContents, true, ClassOption.NESTMATE);
58        Runnable lambdaRunnerInstance = (Runnable)hidden.findConstructor(
59            hidden.lookupClass(), MethodType.methodType(void.class)).invoke();
60        lambdaRunnerInstance.run();
61    }
62
63    static class LambdaRunner implements Runnable {
64        LambdaRunner field = this;
65
66        @Override
67        public void run() {
68        }
69    }
70}
71    static class LambdaRunner implements Runnable {
72        static void method(LambdaRunner arg) {
73        }
74
75        @Override
76        public void run() {
77            method(this);
78        }
79    }
80    static class LambdaRunner implements Runnable {
81        @Override
82        public void run() {
83            System.out.println("" + this);
84        }
85    }
86    static class LambdaRunner implements Runnable {
87        @Override
88        public void run() {
89            Runnable runnable = () -> System.out.println("Success");
90            runnable.run();
91        }
92    }
93

1Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: tests/HiddenClassLambdaTest$LambdaRunner/0x0000000800c04400
2    at tests.HiddenClassLambdaTest.main(HiddenClassLambdaTest.java:22)
3Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: tests.HiddenClassLambdaTest$LambdaRunner.0x0000000800c04400
4    at java.base/jdk.internal.loader.BuiltinClassLoader.loadClass(BuiltinClassLoader.java:636)
5    at java.base/jdk.internal.loader.ClassLoaders$AppClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoaders.java:182)
6    at java.base/java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:519)
7    ... 1 more
8Exception in thread "main" java.lang.VerifyError: Bad type on operand stack
9Exception Details:
10  Location:
11    tests/HiddenClassLambdaTest$LambdaRunner+0x0000000800c00400.run()V @5: invokespecial
12  Reason:
13    Type 'tests/HiddenClassLambdaTest$LambdaRunner+0x0000000800c00400' (current frame, stack[2]) is not assignable to 'tests/HiddenClassLambdaTest$LambdaRunner'
14  Current Frame:
15    bci: @5
16    flags: { }
17    locals: { 'tests/HiddenClassLambdaTest$LambdaRunner+0x0000000800c00400' }
18    stack: { uninitialized 0, uninitialized 0, 'tests/HiddenClassLambdaTest$LambdaRunner+0x0000000800c00400' }
19  Bytecode:
20    0000000: bb00 1159 2ab7 0013 4cb1               
21
22    at java.base/java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass0(Native Method)
23    at java.base/java.lang.System$2.defineClass(System.java:2193)
24    at java.base/java.lang.invoke.MethodHandles$Lookup$ClassDefiner.defineClass(MethodHandles.java:2446)
25    at java.base/java.lang.invoke.MethodHandles$Lookup$ClassDefiner.defineClassAsLookup(MethodHandles.java:2427)
26    at java.base/java.lang.invoke.MethodHandles$Lookup.defineHiddenClass(MethodHandles.java:2133)
27    at tests.HiddenClassLambdaTest.main(HiddenClassLambdaTest.java:25)
28
29import java.lang.invoke.MethodHandles;
30
31public class HiddenClassLambdaTest {
32    /** This class is to be loaded and executed as hidden class */
33    public static final class LambdaRunner implements Runnable {
34        @Override public void run() {
35            Runnable runnable = () -> System.out.println("Success");
36            runnable.run();
37        }
38    }
39    
40    public static void main(String[] args) throws Throwable {
41        // Path to the class file of the nested class defined above
42        String nestedClassPath = HiddenClassLambdaTest.class.getTypeName().replace('.','/') + "$LambdaRunner.class";
43        // Class file content of the LambdaRunner class
44        byte[] classFileContents = HiddenClassLambdaTest.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream(nestedClassPath).readAllBytes();
45        Class<?> lambdaRunnerClass = MethodHandles.lookup().defineHiddenClass(classFileContents, true).lookupClass();
46        Runnable lambdaRunnerInstance = (Runnable) lambdaRunnerClass.getConstructor().newInstance();
47        lambdaRunnerInstance.run();
48    }
49}
50public class HiddenClassLambdaTest {
51
52    public static void main(String[] args) throws Throwable {
53        byte[] classFileContents = HiddenClassLambdaTest.class
54            .getResourceAsStream("HiddenClassLambdaTest$LambdaRunner.class")
55            .readAllBytes();
56        var hidden = MethodHandles.lookup()
57            .defineHiddenClass(classFileContents, true, ClassOption.NESTMATE);
58        Runnable lambdaRunnerInstance = (Runnable)hidden.findConstructor(
59            hidden.lookupClass(), MethodType.methodType(void.class)).invoke();
60        lambdaRunnerInstance.run();
61    }
62
63    static class LambdaRunner implements Runnable {
64        LambdaRunner field = this;
65
66        @Override
67        public void run() {
68        }
69    }
70}
71    static class LambdaRunner implements Runnable {
72        static void method(LambdaRunner arg) {
73        }
74
75        @Override
76        public void run() {
77            method(this);
78        }
79    }
80    static class LambdaRunner implements Runnable {
81        @Override
82        public void run() {
83            System.out.println("" + this);
84        }
85    }
86    static class LambdaRunner implements Runnable {
87        @Override
88        public void run() {
89            Runnable runnable = () -> System.out.println("Success");
90            runnable.run();
91        }
92    }
93    static class LambdaRunner implements Runnable {
94        @Override
95        public void run() {
96            Runnable runnable = LambdaRunner::lambdaBody;
97            runnable.run();
98        }
99        private static void lambdaBody() {
100            System.out.println("Success");
101        }
102    }
103

1Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: tests/HiddenClassLambdaTest$LambdaRunner/0x0000000800c04400
2    at tests.HiddenClassLambdaTest.main(HiddenClassLambdaTest.java:22)
3Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: tests.HiddenClassLambdaTest$LambdaRunner.0x0000000800c04400
4    at java.base/jdk.internal.loader.BuiltinClassLoader.loadClass(BuiltinClassLoader.java:636)
5    at java.base/jdk.internal.loader.ClassLoaders$AppClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoaders.java:182)
6    at java.base/java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:519)
7    ... 1 more
8Exception in thread "main" java.lang.VerifyError: Bad type on operand stack
9Exception Details:
10  Location:
11    tests/HiddenClassLambdaTest$LambdaRunner+0x0000000800c00400.run()V @5: invokespecial
12  Reason:
13    Type 'tests/HiddenClassLambdaTest$LambdaRunner+0x0000000800c00400' (current frame, stack[2]) is not assignable to 'tests/HiddenClassLambdaTest$LambdaRunner'
14  Current Frame:
15    bci: @5
16    flags: { }
17    locals: { 'tests/HiddenClassLambdaTest$LambdaRunner+0x0000000800c00400' }
18    stack: { uninitialized 0, uninitialized 0, 'tests/HiddenClassLambdaTest$LambdaRunner+0x0000000800c00400' }
19  Bytecode:
20    0000000: bb00 1159 2ab7 0013 4cb1               
21
22    at java.base/java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass0(Native Method)
23    at java.base/java.lang.System$2.defineClass(System.java:2193)
24    at java.base/java.lang.invoke.MethodHandles$Lookup$ClassDefiner.defineClass(MethodHandles.java:2446)
25    at java.base/java.lang.invoke.MethodHandles$Lookup$ClassDefiner.defineClassAsLookup(MethodHandles.java:2427)
26    at java.base/java.lang.invoke.MethodHandles$Lookup.defineHiddenClass(MethodHandles.java:2133)
27    at tests.HiddenClassLambdaTest.main(HiddenClassLambdaTest.java:25)
28
29import java.lang.invoke.MethodHandles;
30
31public class HiddenClassLambdaTest {
32    /** This class is to be loaded and executed as hidden class */
33    public static final class LambdaRunner implements Runnable {
34        @Override public void run() {
35            Runnable runnable = () -> System.out.println("Success");
36            runnable.run();
37        }
38    }
39    
40    public static void main(String[] args) throws Throwable {
41        // Path to the class file of the nested class defined above
42        String nestedClassPath = HiddenClassLambdaTest.class.getTypeName().replace('.','/') + "$LambdaRunner.class";
43        // Class file content of the LambdaRunner class
44        byte[] classFileContents = HiddenClassLambdaTest.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream(nestedClassPath).readAllBytes();
45        Class<?> lambdaRunnerClass = MethodHandles.lookup().defineHiddenClass(classFileContents, true).lookupClass();
46        Runnable lambdaRunnerInstance = (Runnable) lambdaRunnerClass.getConstructor().newInstance();
47        lambdaRunnerInstance.run();
48    }
49}
50public class HiddenClassLambdaTest {
51
52    public static void main(String[] args) throws Throwable {
53        byte[] classFileContents = HiddenClassLambdaTest.class
54            .getResourceAsStream("HiddenClassLambdaTest$LambdaRunner.class")
55            .readAllBytes();
56        var hidden = MethodHandles.lookup()
57            .defineHiddenClass(classFileContents, true, ClassOption.NESTMATE);
58        Runnable lambdaRunnerInstance = (Runnable)hidden.findConstructor(
59            hidden.lookupClass(), MethodType.methodType(void.class)).invoke();
60        lambdaRunnerInstance.run();
61    }
62
63    static class LambdaRunner implements Runnable {
64        LambdaRunner field = this;
65
66        @Override
67        public void run() {
68        }
69    }
70}
71    static class LambdaRunner implements Runnable {
72        static void method(LambdaRunner arg) {
73        }
74
75        @Override
76        public void run() {
77            method(this);
78        }
79    }
80    static class LambdaRunner implements Runnable {
81        @Override
82        public void run() {
83            System.out.println("" + this);
84        }
85    }
86    static class LambdaRunner implements Runnable {
87        @Override
88        public void run() {
89            Runnable runnable = () -> System.out.println("Success");
90            runnable.run();
91        }
92    }
93    static class LambdaRunner implements Runnable {
94        @Override
95        public void run() {
96            Runnable runnable = LambdaRunner::lambdaBody;
97            runnable.run();
98        }
99        private static void lambdaBody() {
100            System.out.println("Success");
101        }
102    }
103    static class LambdaRunner implements Runnable {
104        @Override
105        public void run() {
106            var lookup = MethodHandles.lookup();
107            var noArgVoid = MethodType.methodType(void.class);
108            try {
109                MethodHandle mh = LambdaMetafactory.metafactory(lookup, "run",
110                    MethodType.methodType(Runnable.class), noArgVoid,
111                    lookup.findStatic(LambdaRunner.class, "lambdaBody", noArgVoid),
112                    noArgVoid).getTarget();
113                System.out.println("got factory");
114                Runnable runnable = (Runnable)mh.invokeExact();
115                System.out.println("got runnable");
116                runnable.run();
117            }
118            catch(RuntimeException|Error e) {
119                throw e;
120            }
121            catch(Throwable e) {
122                throw new AssertionError(e);
123            }
124        }
125        private static void lambdaBody() {
126            System.out.println("Success");
127        }
128    }
129

1Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: tests/HiddenClassLambdaTest$LambdaRunner/0x0000000800c04400
2    at tests.HiddenClassLambdaTest.main(HiddenClassLambdaTest.java:22)
3Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: tests.HiddenClassLambdaTest$LambdaRunner.0x0000000800c04400
4    at java.base/jdk.internal.loader.BuiltinClassLoader.loadClass(BuiltinClassLoader.java:636)
5    at java.base/jdk.internal.loader.ClassLoaders$AppClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoaders.java:182)
6    at java.base/java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:519)
7    ... 1 more
8Exception in thread "main" java.lang.VerifyError: Bad type on operand stack
9Exception Details:
10  Location:
11    tests/HiddenClassLambdaTest$LambdaRunner+0x0000000800c00400.run()V @5: invokespecial
12  Reason:
13    Type 'tests/HiddenClassLambdaTest$LambdaRunner+0x0000000800c00400' (current frame, stack[2]) is not assignable to 'tests/HiddenClassLambdaTest$LambdaRunner'
14  Current Frame:
15    bci: @5
16    flags: { }
17    locals: { 'tests/HiddenClassLambdaTest$LambdaRunner+0x0000000800c00400' }
18    stack: { uninitialized 0, uninitialized 0, 'tests/HiddenClassLambdaTest$LambdaRunner+0x0000000800c00400' }
19  Bytecode:
20    0000000: bb00 1159 2ab7 0013 4cb1               
21
22    at java.base/java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass0(Native Method)
23    at java.base/java.lang.System$2.defineClass(System.java:2193)
24    at java.base/java.lang.invoke.MethodHandles$Lookup$ClassDefiner.defineClass(MethodHandles.java:2446)
25    at java.base/java.lang.invoke.MethodHandles$Lookup$ClassDefiner.defineClassAsLookup(MethodHandles.java:2427)
26    at java.base/java.lang.invoke.MethodHandles$Lookup.defineHiddenClass(MethodHandles.java:2133)
27    at tests.HiddenClassLambdaTest.main(HiddenClassLambdaTest.java:25)
28
29import java.lang.invoke.MethodHandles;
30
31public class HiddenClassLambdaTest {
32    /** This class is to be loaded and executed as hidden class */
33    public static final class LambdaRunner implements Runnable {
34        @Override public void run() {
35            Runnable runnable = () -> System.out.println("Success");
36            runnable.run();
37        }
38    }
39    
40    public static void main(String[] args) throws Throwable {
41        // Path to the class file of the nested class defined above
42        String nestedClassPath = HiddenClassLambdaTest.class.getTypeName().replace('.','/') + "$LambdaRunner.class";
43        // Class file content of the LambdaRunner class
44        byte[] classFileContents = HiddenClassLambdaTest.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream(nestedClassPath).readAllBytes();
45        Class<?> lambdaRunnerClass = MethodHandles.lookup().defineHiddenClass(classFileContents, true).lookupClass();
46        Runnable lambdaRunnerInstance = (Runnable) lambdaRunnerClass.getConstructor().newInstance();
47        lambdaRunnerInstance.run();
48    }
49}
50public class HiddenClassLambdaTest {
51
52    public static void main(String[] args) throws Throwable {
53        byte[] classFileContents = HiddenClassLambdaTest.class
54            .getResourceAsStream("HiddenClassLambdaTest$LambdaRunner.class")
55            .readAllBytes();
56        var hidden = MethodHandles.lookup()
57            .defineHiddenClass(classFileContents, true, ClassOption.NESTMATE);
58        Runnable lambdaRunnerInstance = (Runnable)hidden.findConstructor(
59            hidden.lookupClass(), MethodType.methodType(void.class)).invoke();
60        lambdaRunnerInstance.run();
61    }
62
63    static class LambdaRunner implements Runnable {
64        LambdaRunner field = this;
65
66        @Override
67        public void run() {
68        }
69    }
70}
71    static class LambdaRunner implements Runnable {
72        static void method(LambdaRunner arg) {
73        }
74
75        @Override
76        public void run() {
77            method(this);
78        }
79    }
80    static class LambdaRunner implements Runnable {
81        @Override
82        public void run() {
83            System.out.println("" + this);
84        }
85    }
86    static class LambdaRunner implements Runnable {
87        @Override
88        public void run() {
89            Runnable runnable = () -> System.out.println("Success");
90            runnable.run();
91        }
92    }
93    static class LambdaRunner implements Runnable {
94        @Override
95        public void run() {
96            Runnable runnable = LambdaRunner::lambdaBody;
97            runnable.run();
98        }
99        private static void lambdaBody() {
100            System.out.println("Success");
101        }
102    }
103    static class LambdaRunner implements Runnable {
104        @Override
105        public void run() {
106            var lookup = MethodHandles.lookup();
107            var noArgVoid = MethodType.methodType(void.class);
108            try {
109                MethodHandle mh = LambdaMetafactory.metafactory(lookup, "run",
110                    MethodType.methodType(Runnable.class), noArgVoid,
111                    lookup.findStatic(LambdaRunner.class, "lambdaBody", noArgVoid),
112                    noArgVoid).getTarget();
113                System.out.println("got factory");
114                Runnable runnable = (Runnable)mh.invokeExact();
115                System.out.println("got runnable");
116                runnable.run();
117            }
118            catch(RuntimeException|Error e) {
119                throw e;
120            }
121            catch(Throwable e) {
122                throw new AssertionError(e);
123            }
124        }
125        private static void lambdaBody() {
126            System.out.println("Success");
127        }
128    }
129got factory
130got runnable
131Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: test/HiddenClassLambdaTest$LambdaRunner/0x0000000800c01400
132    at test/test.HiddenClassLambdaTest.main(HiddenClassLambdaTest.java:15)
133Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: test.HiddenClassLambdaTest$LambdaRunner.0x0000000800c01400
134    at java.base/jdk.internal.loader.BuiltinClassLoader.loadClass(BuiltinClassLoader.java:641)
135    at java.base/jdk.internal.loader.ClassLoaders$AppClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoaders.java:188)
136    at java.base/java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:521)
137    ... 1 more
138

1curr_byte = read_byte()
2if curr_byte == 0x00:
3   # Parse instruction with no arguments
4   curr_instruction = DO_THING_A;
5   args = NULL;
6elif curr_byte == 0x01:
7   another_byte = read_byte()
8   if another_byte == 0x00:
9      # Parse a two-byte instruction
10      curr_instruction = DO_THING_B;
11      args = NULL;
12   else:
13      # Parse a one-byte instruction
14      # with one argument
15      curr_instruction = DO_THING_C;
16      args = another_byte >> 1; # or whatever
17elif curr_byte == ...:
18   ... # go on and on and on
19

1library(rlang)
2env_parent
3#> function (env = caller_env(), n = 1) 
4#> {
5#>     env_ <- get_env_retired(env, "env_parent()")
6#>     while (n > 0) {
7#>         if (is_empty_env(env_)) {
8#>             abort("The empty environment has no parent")
9#>         }
10#>         n <- n - 1
11#>         env_ <- parent.env(env_)
12#>     }
13#>     env_
14#> }
15#> <bytecode: 0x000000001d8ad000>
16#> <environment: namespace:rlang>
17library(shiny)
18library(rlang)
19
20parent <<- function() {
21  env_parent()
22}
23
24parents_default_arg_passed <<- function() {
25  env_parent(caller_env())
26}
27
28ui <- fluidPage(
29  textOutput("env_parent"),
30  textOutput("env_parents_default_arg_passed")
31)
32server <- function(input, output, session) {
33  
34  output$env_parent <- renderPrint({
35    names(parent())
36  })
37  
38  output$env_parents_default_arg_passed <- renderPrint({
39    names(parents_default_arg_passed())
40  })
41  
42}
43[1] "ui"
44[1] "~" ".__tidyeval_quosure_mask__."
45myCallEnv <- function() {
46    print(lobstr::cst())
47    caller_env(n = 1)
48  }
49
50myEnvParent <- function(e = myCallEnv()) {
51  env_parent(env = e)
52}
53

1library(rlang)
2env_parent
3#> function (env = caller_env(), n = 1) 
4#> {
5#>     env_ <- get_env_retired(env, "env_parent()")
6#>     while (n > 0) {
7#>         if (is_empty_env(env_)) {
8#>             abort("The empty environment has no parent")
9#>         }
10#>         n <- n - 1
11#>         env_ <- parent.env(env_)
12#>     }
13#>     env_
14#> }
15#> <bytecode: 0x000000001d8ad000>
16#> <environment: namespace:rlang>
17library(shiny)
18library(rlang)
19
20parent <<- function() {
21  env_parent()
22}
23
24parents_default_arg_passed <<- function() {
25  env_parent(caller_env())
26}
27
28ui <- fluidPage(
29  textOutput("env_parent"),
30  textOutput("env_parents_default_arg_passed")
31)
32server <- function(input, output, session) {
33  
34  output$env_parent <- renderPrint({
35    names(parent())
36  })
37  
38  output$env_parents_default_arg_passed <- renderPrint({
39    names(parents_default_arg_passed())
40  })
41  
42}
43[1] "ui"
44[1] "~" ".__tidyeval_quosure_mask__."
45myCallEnv <- function() {
46    print(lobstr::cst())
47    caller_env(n = 1)
48  }
49
50myEnvParent <- function(e = myCallEnv()) {
51  env_parent(env = e)
52}
53myEnvParent()
54#    ▆
55# 1. └─global myEnvParent()
56# 2.   ├─rlang::env_parent(env = e)
57# 3.   │ └─rlang:::get_env_retired(env, "env_parent()")
58# 4.   │   └─rlang::is_environment(x)
59# 5.   └─global myCallEnv()
60# 6.     ├─base::print(lobstr::cst())
61# 7.     └─lobstr::cst()
62# NULL
63# <environment: R_GlobalEnv>
64
65myEnvParent(myCallEnv())
66#    ▆
67# 1. ├─global myEnvParent(myCallEnv())
68# 2. │ └─rlang::env_parent(env = e)
69# 3. │   └─rlang:::get_env_retired(env, "env_parent()")
70# 4. │     └─rlang::is_environment(x)
71# 5. └─global myCallEnv()
72# 6.   ├─base::print(lobstr::cst())
73# 7.   └─lobstr::cst()
74# NULL
75# <environment: package:rlang>
76# attr(,"name")
77# [1] "package:rlang"
78# attr(,"path")
79# [1] # "/Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Versions/4.0/Resources/library/rlang"
80

1library(rlang)
2env_parent
3#> function (env = caller_env(), n = 1) 
4#> {
5#>     env_ <- get_env_retired(env, "env_parent()")
6#>     while (n > 0) {
7#>         if (is_empty_env(env_)) {
8#>             abort("The empty environment has no parent")
9#>         }
10#>         n <- n - 1
11#>         env_ <- parent.env(env_)
12#>     }
13#>     env_
14#> }
15#> <bytecode: 0x000000001d8ad000>
16#> <environment: namespace:rlang>
17library(shiny)
18library(rlang)
19
20parent <<- function() {
21  env_parent()
22}
23
24parents_default_arg_passed <<- function() {
25  env_parent(caller_env())
26}
27
28ui <- fluidPage(
29  textOutput("env_parent"),
30  textOutput("env_parents_default_arg_passed")
31)
32server <- function(input, output, session) {
33  
34  output$env_parent <- renderPrint({
35    names(parent())
36  })
37  
38  output$env_parents_default_arg_passed <- renderPrint({
39    names(parents_default_arg_passed())
40  })
41  
42}
43[1] "ui"
44[1] "~" ".__tidyeval_quosure_mask__."
45myCallEnv <- function() {
46    print(lobstr::cst())
47    caller_env(n = 1)
48  }
49
50myEnvParent <- function(e = myCallEnv()) {
51  env_parent(env = e)
52}
53myEnvParent()
54#    ▆
55# 1. └─global myEnvParent()
56# 2.   ├─rlang::env_parent(env = e)
57# 3.   │ └─rlang:::get_env_retired(env, "env_parent()")
58# 4.   │   └─rlang::is_environment(x)
59# 5.   └─global myCallEnv()
60# 6.     ├─base::print(lobstr::cst())
61# 7.     └─lobstr::cst()
62# NULL
63# <environment: R_GlobalEnv>
64
65myEnvParent(myCallEnv())
66#    ▆
67# 1. ├─global myEnvParent(myCallEnv())
68# 2. │ └─rlang::env_parent(env = e)
69# 3. │   └─rlang:::get_env_retired(env, "env_parent()")
70# 4. │     └─rlang::is_environment(x)
71# 5. └─global myCallEnv()
72# 6.   ├─base::print(lobstr::cst())
73# 7.   └─lobstr::cst()
74# NULL
75# <environment: package:rlang>
76# attr(,"name")
77# [1] "package:rlang"
78# attr(,"path")
79# [1] # "/Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Versions/4.0/Resources/library/rlang"
80searchpaths()
81# [1] ".GlobalEnv"                                                              
82# [2] "/Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Versions/4.0/Resources/library/rlang"    
83# [3] "tools:rstudio"                                                           
84# [4] "/Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Versions/4.0/Resources/library/stats"    
85# [5] "/Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Versions/4.0/Resources/library/graphics" 
86# [6] "/Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Versions/4.0/Resources/library/grDevices"
87# [7] "/Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Versions/4.0/Resources/library/utils"    
88# [8] "/Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Versions/4.0/Resources/library/datasets" 
89# [9] "/Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Versions/4.0/Resources/library/methods"  
90#[10] "Autoloads"                                                               
91#[11] "/Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Resources/library/base"   
92

1JdkBenchmarks.enhanced  avgt    5  2556.281 ±  31.789  ns/op
2JdkBenchmarks.indexed   avgt    5  4032.164 ± 100.121  ns/op
3public class JdkBenchmarks {
4
5    @Benchmark
6    @BenchmarkMode(AverageTime)
7    @OutputTimeUnit(NANOSECONDS)
8    public void indexed(Blackhole blackhole, TestState testState) {
9        int length = testState.values.length;
10        for(int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
11            blackhole.consume(testState.values[i]);
12        }
13    }
14
15    @Benchmark
16    @BenchmarkMode(AverageTime)
17    @OutputTimeUnit(NANOSECONDS)
18    public void enhanced(Blackhole blackhole, TestState testState) {
19        for (int value : testState.values) {
20            blackhole.consume(value);
21        }
22    }
23
24
25    @State(Scope.Benchmark)
26    public static class TestState {
27        public int[] values;
28
29        @Setup
30        public void setupArray() {
31            int count = 1000;
32            values = new int[count];
33            for(int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
34                values[i] = i;
35            }
36        }
37    }
38
39    public static void main(String[] args) throws RunnerException {
40        Options opt = new OptionsBuilder()
41                .include(JdkBenchmarks.class.getSimpleName())
42                .forks(1)
43                .build();
44
45        new Runner(opt).run();
46    }
47
48}
49@Warmup(iterations = 5, time = 1, timeUnit = TimeUnit.SECONDS)
50@Measurement(iterations = 5, time = 1, timeUnit = TimeUnit.SECONDS)
51@Fork(3)
52@BenchmarkMode(Mode.AverageTime)
53@OutputTimeUnit(TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS)
54@State(Scope.Benchmark)
55public class JdkBenchmarks {
56
57    public int[] values;
58
59    @Setup
60    public void setupArray() {
61        int count = 1000;
62        values = new int[count];
63        for(int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
64            values[i] = i;
65        }
66    }
67
68    @Benchmark
69    @CompilerControl(CompilerControl.Mode.DONT_INLINE)
70    public void indexed(Blackhole bh) {
71        for(int i = 0; i < values.length; i++) {
72            bh.consume(values[i]);
73        }
74    }
75
76    @Benchmark
77    @CompilerControl(CompilerControl.Mode.DONT_INLINE)
78    public void indexed_cached(Blackhole bh) {
79        int[] vs = values;
80        int length = vs.length;
81        for(int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
82            bh.consume(vs[i]);
83        }
84    }
85
86    @Benchmark
87    @CompilerControl(CompilerControl.Mode.DONT_INLINE)
88    public void enhanced(Blackhole bh) {
89        for (int value : values) {
90            bh.consume(value);
91        }
92    }
93}
94

1JdkBenchmarks.enhanced  avgt    5  2556.281 ±  31.789  ns/op
2JdkBenchmarks.indexed   avgt    5  4032.164 ± 100.121  ns/op
3public class JdkBenchmarks {
4
5    @Benchmark
6    @BenchmarkMode(AverageTime)
7    @OutputTimeUnit(NANOSECONDS)
8    public void indexed(Blackhole blackhole, TestState testState) {
9        int length = testState.values.length;
10        for(int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
11            blackhole.consume(testState.values[i]);
12        }
13    }
14
15    @Benchmark
16    @BenchmarkMode(AverageTime)
17    @OutputTimeUnit(NANOSECONDS)
18    public void enhanced(Blackhole blackhole, TestState testState) {
19        for (int value : testState.values) {
20            blackhole.consume(value);
21        }
22    }
23
24
25    @State(Scope.Benchmark)
26    public static class TestState {
27        public int[] values;
28
29        @Setup
30        public void setupArray() {
31            int count = 1000;
32            values = new int[count];
33            for(int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
34                values[i] = i;
35            }
36        }
37    }
38
39    public static void main(String[] args) throws RunnerException {
40        Options opt = new OptionsBuilder()
41                .include(JdkBenchmarks.class.getSimpleName())
42                .forks(1)
43                .build();
44
45        new Runner(opt).run();
46    }
47
48}
49@Warmup(iterations = 5, time = 1, timeUnit = TimeUnit.SECONDS)
50@Measurement(iterations = 5, time = 1, timeUnit = TimeUnit.SECONDS)
51@Fork(3)
52@BenchmarkMode(Mode.AverageTime)
53@OutputTimeUnit(TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS)
54@State(Scope.Benchmark)
55public class JdkBenchmarks {
56
57    public int[] values;
58
59    @Setup
60    public void setupArray() {
61        int count = 1000;
62        values = new int[count];
63        for(int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
64            values[i] = i;
65        }
66    }
67
68    @Benchmark
69    @CompilerControl(CompilerControl.Mode.DONT_INLINE)
70    public void indexed(Blackhole bh) {
71        for(int i = 0; i < values.length; i++) {
72            bh.consume(values[i]);
73        }
74    }
75
76    @Benchmark
77    @CompilerControl(CompilerControl.Mode.DONT_INLINE)
78    public void indexed_cached(Blackhole bh) {
79        int[] vs = values;
80        int length = vs.length;
81        for(int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
82            bh.consume(vs[i]);
83        }
84    }
85
86    @Benchmark
87    @CompilerControl(CompilerControl.Mode.DONT_INLINE)
88    public void enhanced(Blackhole bh) {
89        for (int value : values) {
90            bh.consume(value);
91        }
92    }
93}
94         ↗  0x...4240: mov  0x10(%r8,%rsi,4),%r10d  ; load values[i], blackhole it
95 22.68%  │  0x...4245: mov  0x14(%r8,%rsi,4),%r11d  ; ... repeat 7 more times...
96         │  0x...424a: mov  0x18(%r8,%rsi,4),%r10d  ;
97 20.95%  │  0x...424f: mov  0x1c(%r8,%rsi,4),%r10d  ;
98  0.02%  │  0x...4254: mov  0x20(%r8,%rsi,4),%r11d  ;
99 24.73%  │  0x...4259: mov  0x24(%r8,%rsi,4),%r10d  ;
100  0.24%  │  0x...425e: mov  0x28(%r8,%rsi,4),%r11d  ;
101 20.04%  │  0x...4263: mov  0x2c(%r8,%rsi,4),%r10d  ; 
102  0.22%  │  0x...4268: add  $0x8,%esi               ; i += 8
103         │  0x...426b: cmp  %ebp,%esi               ; compare i with length (in %ebp)
104  0.26%  ╰  0x...426d: jl   0x...4240               ; circle back if 8 more elements available
105

1JdkBenchmarks.enhanced  avgt    5  2556.281 ±  31.789  ns/op
2JdkBenchmarks.indexed   avgt    5  4032.164 ± 100.121  ns/op
3public class JdkBenchmarks {
4
5    @Benchmark
6    @BenchmarkMode(AverageTime)
7    @OutputTimeUnit(NANOSECONDS)
8    public void indexed(Blackhole blackhole, TestState testState) {
9        int length = testState.values.length;
10        for(int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
11            blackhole.consume(testState.values[i]);
12        }
13    }
14
15    @Benchmark
16    @BenchmarkMode(AverageTime)
17    @OutputTimeUnit(NANOSECONDS)
18    public void enhanced(Blackhole blackhole, TestState testState) {
19        for (int value : testState.values) {
20            blackhole.consume(value);
21        }
22    }
23
24
25    @State(Scope.Benchmark)
26    public static class TestState {
27        public int[] values;
28
29        @Setup
30        public void setupArray() {
31            int count = 1000;
32            values = new int[count];
33            for(int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
34                values[i] = i;
35            }
36        }
37    }
38
39    public static void main(String[] args) throws RunnerException {
40        Options opt = new OptionsBuilder()
41                .include(JdkBenchmarks.class.getSimpleName())
42                .forks(1)
43                .build();
44
45        new Runner(opt).run();
46    }
47
48}
49@Warmup(iterations = 5, time = 1, timeUnit = TimeUnit.SECONDS)
50@Measurement(iterations = 5, time = 1, timeUnit = TimeUnit.SECONDS)
51@Fork(3)
52@BenchmarkMode(Mode.AverageTime)
53@OutputTimeUnit(TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS)
54@State(Scope.Benchmark)
55public class JdkBenchmarks {
56
57    public int[] values;
58
59    @Setup
60    public void setupArray() {
61        int count = 1000;
62        values = new int[count];
63        for(int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
64            values[i] = i;
65        }
66    }
67
68    @Benchmark
69    @CompilerControl(CompilerControl.Mode.DONT_INLINE)
70    public void indexed(Blackhole bh) {
71        for(int i = 0; i < values.length; i++) {
72            bh.consume(values[i]);
73        }
74    }
75
76    @Benchmark
77    @CompilerControl(CompilerControl.Mode.DONT_INLINE)
78    public void indexed_cached(Blackhole bh) {
79        int[] vs = values;
80        int length = vs.length;
81        for(int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
82            bh.consume(vs[i]);
83        }
84    }
85
86    @Benchmark
87    @CompilerControl(CompilerControl.Mode.DONT_INLINE)
88    public void enhanced(Blackhole bh) {
89        for (int value : values) {
90            bh.consume(value);
91        }
92    }
93}
94         ↗  0x...4240: mov  0x10(%r8,%rsi,4),%r10d  ; load values[i], blackhole it
95 22.68%  │  0x...4245: mov  0x14(%r8,%rsi,4),%r11d  ; ... repeat 7 more times...
96         │  0x...424a: mov  0x18(%r8,%rsi,4),%r10d  ;
97 20.95%  │  0x...424f: mov  0x1c(%r8,%rsi,4),%r10d  ;
98  0.02%  │  0x...4254: mov  0x20(%r8,%rsi,4),%r11d  ;
99 24.73%  │  0x...4259: mov  0x24(%r8,%rsi,4),%r10d  ;
100  0.24%  │  0x...425e: mov  0x28(%r8,%rsi,4),%r11d  ;
101 20.04%  │  0x...4263: mov  0x2c(%r8,%rsi,4),%r10d  ; 
102  0.22%  │  0x...4268: add  $0x8,%esi               ; i += 8
103         │  0x...426b: cmp  %ebp,%esi               ; compare i with length (in %ebp)
104  0.26%  ╰  0x...426d: jl   0x...4240               ; circle back if 8 more elements available
105         ↗  0x...4170: mov  0xc(%r12,%r8,8),%r9d    ; array bounds check, load values.length
106  3.42%  │  0x...4175: cmp  %r9d,%r10d              ; array bounds check, compare i
107 16.02%  │  0x...4178: jae  0x...41b1               ;  failed? jump to exception handling
108         │  0x...417a: lea  (%r12,%r8,8),%r11       ; load values[i], part 1
109  0.04%  │  0x...417e: mov  0x10(%r11,%r10,4),%r11d ; load values[i], part 2
110         │                                          ; %r11d is blackholed
111 35.69%  │  0x...4183: mov  0xc(%rsi),%r8d          ; get "values"
112  0.71%  │  0x...4187: mov  0x348(%r15),%r11        ; safepoint poll, part 1 (JVM infra)
113  4.03%  │  0x...418e: inc  %r10d                   ; i++
114  0.12%  │  0x...4191: test %eax,(%r11)             ; safepoint poll, part 2 (JVM infra)
115 27.74%  │  0x...4194: mov  0xc(%r12,%r8,8),%r9d    ; load values.length
116  8.53%  │  0x...4199: cmp  %r9d,%r10d              ; check i < values.length
117  0.24%  ╰  0x...419c: jl   0x...4170               ; circle back if more 
118

1JdkBenchmarks.enhanced  avgt    5  2556.281 ±  31.789  ns/op
2JdkBenchmarks.indexed   avgt    5  4032.164 ± 100.121  ns/op
3public class JdkBenchmarks {
4
5    @Benchmark
6    @BenchmarkMode(AverageTime)
7    @OutputTimeUnit(NANOSECONDS)
8    public void indexed(Blackhole blackhole, TestState testState) {
9        int length = testState.values.length;
10        for(int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
11            blackhole.consume(testState.values[i]);
12        }
13    }
14
15    @Benchmark
16    @BenchmarkMode(AverageTime)
17    @OutputTimeUnit(NANOSECONDS)
18    public void enhanced(Blackhole blackhole, TestState testState) {
19        for (int value : testState.values) {
20            blackhole.consume(value);
21        }
22    }
23
24
25    @State(Scope.Benchmark)
26    public static class TestState {
27        public int[] values;
28
29        @Setup
30        public void setupArray() {
31            int count = 1000;
32            values = new int[count];
33            for(int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
34                values[i] = i;
35            }
36        }
37    }
38
39    public static void main(String[] args) throws RunnerException {
40        Options opt = new OptionsBuilder()
41                .include(JdkBenchmarks.class.getSimpleName())
42                .forks(1)
43                .build();
44
45        new Runner(opt).run();
46    }
47
48}
49@Warmup(iterations = 5, time = 1, timeUnit = TimeUnit.SECONDS)
50@Measurement(iterations = 5, time = 1, timeUnit = TimeUnit.SECONDS)
51@Fork(3)
52@BenchmarkMode(Mode.AverageTime)
53@OutputTimeUnit(TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS)
54@State(Scope.Benchmark)
55public class JdkBenchmarks {
56
57    public int[] values;
58
59    @Setup
60    public void setupArray() {
61        int count = 1000;
62        values = new int[count];
63        for(int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
64            values[i] = i;
65        }
66    }
67
68    @Benchmark
69    @CompilerControl(CompilerControl.Mode.DONT_INLINE)
70    public void indexed(Blackhole bh) {
71        for(int i = 0; i < values.length; i++) {
72            bh.consume(values[i]);
73        }
74    }
75
76    @Benchmark
77    @CompilerControl(CompilerControl.Mode.DONT_INLINE)
78    public void indexed_cached(Blackhole bh) {
79        int[] vs = values;
80        int length = vs.length;
81        for(int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
82            bh.consume(vs[i]);
83        }
84    }
85
86    @Benchmark
87    @CompilerControl(CompilerControl.Mode.DONT_INLINE)
88    public void enhanced(Blackhole bh) {
89        for (int value : values) {
90            bh.consume(value);
91        }
92    }
93}
94         ↗  0x...4240: mov  0x10(%r8,%rsi,4),%r10d  ; load values[i], blackhole it
95 22.68%  │  0x...4245: mov  0x14(%r8,%rsi,4),%r11d  ; ... repeat 7 more times...
96         │  0x...424a: mov  0x18(%r8,%rsi,4),%r10d  ;
97 20.95%  │  0x...424f: mov  0x1c(%r8,%rsi,4),%r10d  ;
98  0.02%  │  0x...4254: mov  0x20(%r8,%rsi,4),%r11d  ;
99 24.73%  │  0x...4259: mov  0x24(%r8,%rsi,4),%r10d  ;
100  0.24%  │  0x...425e: mov  0x28(%r8,%rsi,4),%r11d  ;
101 20.04%  │  0x...4263: mov  0x2c(%r8,%rsi,4),%r10d  ; 
102  0.22%  │  0x...4268: add  $0x8,%esi               ; i += 8
103         │  0x...426b: cmp  %ebp,%esi               ; compare i with length (in %ebp)
104  0.26%  ╰  0x...426d: jl   0x...4240               ; circle back if 8 more elements available
105         ↗  0x...4170: mov  0xc(%r12,%r8,8),%r9d    ; array bounds check, load values.length
106  3.42%  │  0x...4175: cmp  %r9d,%r10d              ; array bounds check, compare i
107 16.02%  │  0x...4178: jae  0x...41b1               ;  failed? jump to exception handling
108         │  0x...417a: lea  (%r12,%r8,8),%r11       ; load values[i], part 1
109  0.04%  │  0x...417e: mov  0x10(%r11,%r10,4),%r11d ; load values[i], part 2
110         │                                          ; %r11d is blackholed
111 35.69%  │  0x...4183: mov  0xc(%rsi),%r8d          ; get "values"
112  0.71%  │  0x...4187: mov  0x348(%r15),%r11        ; safepoint poll, part 1 (JVM infra)
113  4.03%  │  0x...418e: inc  %r10d                   ; i++
114  0.12%  │  0x...4191: test %eax,(%r11)             ; safepoint poll, part 2 (JVM infra)
115 27.74%  │  0x...4194: mov  0xc(%r12,%r8,8),%r9d    ; load values.length
116  8.53%  │  0x...4199: cmp  %r9d,%r10d              ; check i < values.length
117  0.24%  ╰  0x...419c: jl   0x...4170               ; circle back if more 
118Benchmark                     Mode  Cnt     Score   Error  Units
119JdkBenchmarks.enhanced        avgt    5   144.962 ± 0.918  ns/op
120JdkBenchmarks.indexed         avgt    5  1030.981 ± 3.775  ns/op ; + 880 ns/op!
121JdkBenchmarks.indexed_cached  avgt    5   144.799 ± 0.643  ns/op ; same as enhanced
122

1JdkBenchmarks.enhanced  avgt    5  2556.281 ±  31.789  ns/op
2JdkBenchmarks.indexed   avgt    5  4032.164 ± 100.121  ns/op
3public class JdkBenchmarks {
4
5    @Benchmark
6    @BenchmarkMode(AverageTime)
7    @OutputTimeUnit(NANOSECONDS)
8    public void indexed(Blackhole blackhole, TestState testState) {
9        int length = testState.values.length;
10        for(int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
11            blackhole.consume(testState.values[i]);
12        }
13    }
14
15    @Benchmark
16    @BenchmarkMode(AverageTime)
17    @OutputTimeUnit(NANOSECONDS)
18    public void enhanced(Blackhole blackhole, TestState testState) {
19        for (int value : testState.values) {
20            blackhole.consume(value);
21        }
22    }
23
24
25    @State(Scope.Benchmark)
26    public static class TestState {
27        public int[] values;
28
29        @Setup
30        public void setupArray() {
31            int count = 1000;
32            values = new int[count];
33            for(int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
34                values[i] = i;
35            }
36        }
37    }
38
39    public static void main(String[] args) throws RunnerException {
40        Options opt = new OptionsBuilder()
41                .include(JdkBenchmarks.class.getSimpleName())
42                .forks(1)
43                .build();
44
45        new Runner(opt).run();
46    }
47
48}
49@Warmup(iterations = 5, time = 1, timeUnit = TimeUnit.SECONDS)
50@Measurement(iterations = 5, time = 1, timeUnit = TimeUnit.SECONDS)
51@Fork(3)
52@BenchmarkMode(Mode.AverageTime)
53@OutputTimeUnit(TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS)
54@State(Scope.Benchmark)
55public class JdkBenchmarks {
56
57    public int[] values;
58
59    @Setup
60    public void setupArray() {
61        int count = 1000;
62        values = new int[count];
63        for(int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
64            values[i] = i;
65        }
66    }
67
68    @Benchmark
69    @CompilerControl(CompilerControl.Mode.DONT_INLINE)
70    public void indexed(Blackhole bh) {
71        for(int i = 0; i < values.length; i++) {
72            bh.consume(values[i]);
73        }
74    }
75
76    @Benchmark
77    @CompilerControl(CompilerControl.Mode.DONT_INLINE)
78    public void indexed_cached(Blackhole bh) {
79        int[] vs = values;
80        int length = vs.length;
81        for(int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
82            bh.consume(vs[i]);
83        }
84    }
85
86    @Benchmark
87    @CompilerControl(CompilerControl.Mode.DONT_INLINE)
88    public void enhanced(Blackhole bh) {
89        for (int value : values) {
90            bh.consume(value);
91        }
92    }
93}
94         ↗  0x...4240: mov  0x10(%r8,%rsi,4),%r10d  ; load values[i], blackhole it
95 22.68%  │  0x...4245: mov  0x14(%r8,%rsi,4),%r11d  ; ... repeat 7 more times...
96         │  0x...424a: mov  0x18(%r8,%rsi,4),%r10d  ;
97 20.95%  │  0x...424f: mov  0x1c(%r8,%rsi,4),%r10d  ;
98  0.02%  │  0x...4254: mov  0x20(%r8,%rsi,4),%r11d  ;
99 24.73%  │  0x...4259: mov  0x24(%r8,%rsi,4),%r10d  ;
100  0.24%  │  0x...425e: mov  0x28(%r8,%rsi,4),%r11d  ;
101 20.04%  │  0x...4263: mov  0x2c(%r8,%rsi,4),%r10d  ; 
102  0.22%  │  0x...4268: add  $0x8,%esi               ; i += 8
103         │  0x...426b: cmp  %ebp,%esi               ; compare i with length (in %ebp)
104  0.26%  ╰  0x...426d: jl   0x...4240               ; circle back if 8 more elements available
105         ↗  0x...4170: mov  0xc(%r12,%r8,8),%r9d    ; array bounds check, load values.length
106  3.42%  │  0x...4175: cmp  %r9d,%r10d              ; array bounds check, compare i
107 16.02%  │  0x...4178: jae  0x...41b1               ;  failed? jump to exception handling
108         │  0x...417a: lea  (%r12,%r8,8),%r11       ; load values[i], part 1
109  0.04%  │  0x...417e: mov  0x10(%r11,%r10,4),%r11d ; load values[i], part 2
110         │                                          ; %r11d is blackholed
111 35.69%  │  0x...4183: mov  0xc(%rsi),%r8d          ; get "values"
112  0.71%  │  0x...4187: mov  0x348(%r15),%r11        ; safepoint poll, part 1 (JVM infra)
113  4.03%  │  0x...418e: inc  %r10d                   ; i++
114  0.12%  │  0x...4191: test %eax,(%r11)             ; safepoint poll, part 2 (JVM infra)
115 27.74%  │  0x...4194: mov  0xc(%r12,%r8,8),%r9d    ; load values.length
116  8.53%  │  0x...4199: cmp  %r9d,%r10d              ; check i < values.length
117  0.24%  ╰  0x...419c: jl   0x...4170               ; circle back if more 
118Benchmark                     Mode  Cnt     Score   Error  Units
119JdkBenchmarks.enhanced        avgt    5   144.962 ± 0.918  ns/op
120JdkBenchmarks.indexed         avgt    5  1030.981 ± 3.775  ns/op ; + 880 ns/op!
121JdkBenchmarks.indexed_cached  avgt    5   144.799 ± 0.643  ns/op ; same as enhanced
122Benchmark                     Mode  Cnt     Score   Error  Units
123JdkBenchmarks.enhanced        avgt    5  4062.866 ± 4.736  ns/op
124JdkBenchmarks.indexed         avgt    5  4071.620 ± 1.057  ns/op ; + 10 ns/op [whoops]
125JdkBenchmarks.indexed_cached  avgt    5  4061.390 ± 0.692  ns/op ; same as enhanced
126

1JdkBenchmarks.enhanced  avgt    5  2556.281 ±  31.789  ns/op
2JdkBenchmarks.indexed   avgt    5  4032.164 ± 100.121  ns/op
3public class JdkBenchmarks {
4
5    @Benchmark
6    @BenchmarkMode(AverageTime)
7    @OutputTimeUnit(NANOSECONDS)
8    public void indexed(Blackhole blackhole, TestState testState) {
9        int length = testState.values.length;
10        for(int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
11            blackhole.consume(testState.values[i]);
12        }
13    }
14
15    @Benchmark
16    @BenchmarkMode(AverageTime)
17    @OutputTimeUnit(NANOSECONDS)
18    public void enhanced(Blackhole blackhole, TestState testState) {
19        for (int value : testState.values) {
20            blackhole.consume(value);
21        }
22    }
23
24
25    @State(Scope.Benchmark)
26    public static class TestState {
27        public int[] values;
28
29        @Setup
30        public void setupArray() {
31            int count = 1000;
32            values = new int[count];
33            for(int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
34                values[i] = i;
35            }
36        }
37    }
38
39    public static void main(String[] args) throws RunnerException {
40        Options opt = new OptionsBuilder()
41                .include(JdkBenchmarks.class.getSimpleName())
42                .forks(1)
43                .build();
44
45        new Runner(opt).run();
46    }
47
48}
49@Warmup(iterations = 5, time = 1, timeUnit = TimeUnit.SECONDS)
50@Measurement(iterations = 5, time = 1, timeUnit = TimeUnit.SECONDS)
51@Fork(3)
52@BenchmarkMode(Mode.AverageTime)
53@OutputTimeUnit(TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS)
54@State(Scope.Benchmark)
55public class JdkBenchmarks {
56
57    public int[] values;
58
59    @Setup
60    public void setupArray() {
61        int count = 1000;
62        values = new int[count];
63        for(int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
64            values[i] = i;
65        }
66    }
67
68    @Benchmark
69    @CompilerControl(CompilerControl.Mode.DONT_INLINE)
70    public void indexed(Blackhole bh) {
71        for(int i = 0; i < values.length; i++) {
72            bh.consume(values[i]);
73        }
74    }
75
76    @Benchmark
77    @CompilerControl(CompilerControl.Mode.DONT_INLINE)
78    public void indexed_cached(Blackhole bh) {
79        int[] vs = values;
80        int length = vs.length;
81        for(int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
82            bh.consume(vs[i]);
83        }
84    }
85
86    @Benchmark
87    @CompilerControl(CompilerControl.Mode.DONT_INLINE)
88    public void enhanced(Blackhole bh) {
89        for (int value : values) {
90            bh.consume(value);
91        }
92    }
93}
94         ↗  0x...4240: mov  0x10(%r8,%rsi,4),%r10d  ; load values[i], blackhole it
95 22.68%  │  0x...4245: mov  0x14(%r8,%rsi,4),%r11d  ; ... repeat 7 more times...
96         │  0x...424a: mov  0x18(%r8,%rsi,4),%r10d  ;
97 20.95%  │  0x...424f: mov  0x1c(%r8,%rsi,4),%r10d  ;
98  0.02%  │  0x...4254: mov  0x20(%r8,%rsi,4),%r11d  ;
99 24.73%  │  0x...4259: mov  0x24(%r8,%rsi,4),%r10d  ;
100  0.24%  │  0x...425e: mov  0x28(%r8,%rsi,4),%r11d  ;
101 20.04%  │  0x...4263: mov  0x2c(%r8,%rsi,4),%r10d  ; 
102  0.22%  │  0x...4268: add  $0x8,%esi               ; i += 8
103         │  0x...426b: cmp  %ebp,%esi               ; compare i with length (in %ebp)
104  0.26%  ╰  0x...426d: jl   0x...4240               ; circle back if 8 more elements available
105         ↗  0x...4170: mov  0xc(%r12,%r8,8),%r9d    ; array bounds check, load values.length
106  3.42%  │  0x...4175: cmp  %r9d,%r10d              ; array bounds check, compare i
107 16.02%  │  0x...4178: jae  0x...41b1               ;  failed? jump to exception handling
108         │  0x...417a: lea  (%r12,%r8,8),%r11       ; load values[i], part 1
109  0.04%  │  0x...417e: mov  0x10(%r11,%r10,4),%r11d ; load values[i], part 2
110         │                                          ; %r11d is blackholed
111 35.69%  │  0x...4183: mov  0xc(%rsi),%r8d          ; get "values"
112  0.71%  │  0x...4187: mov  0x348(%r15),%r11        ; safepoint poll, part 1 (JVM infra)
113  4.03%  │  0x...418e: inc  %r10d                   ; i++
114  0.12%  │  0x...4191: test %eax,(%r11)             ; safepoint poll, part 2 (JVM infra)
115 27.74%  │  0x...4194: mov  0xc(%r12,%r8,8),%r9d    ; load values.length
116  8.53%  │  0x...4199: cmp  %r9d,%r10d              ; check i < values.length
117  0.24%  ╰  0x...419c: jl   0x...4170               ; circle back if more 
118Benchmark                     Mode  Cnt     Score   Error  Units
119JdkBenchmarks.enhanced        avgt    5   144.962 ± 0.918  ns/op
120JdkBenchmarks.indexed         avgt    5  1030.981 ± 3.775  ns/op ; + 880 ns/op!
121JdkBenchmarks.indexed_cached  avgt    5   144.799 ± 0.643  ns/op ; same as enhanced
122Benchmark                     Mode  Cnt     Score   Error  Units
123JdkBenchmarks.enhanced        avgt    5  4062.866 ± 4.736  ns/op
124JdkBenchmarks.indexed         avgt    5  4071.620 ± 1.057  ns/op ; + 10 ns/op [whoops]
125JdkBenchmarks.indexed_cached  avgt    5  4061.390 ± 0.692  ns/op ; same as enhanced
126Benchmark                     Mode  Cnt     Score    Error  Units
127JdkBenchmarks.enhanced        avgt    5  4067.118 ± 40.699  ns/op
128JdkBenchmarks.indexed         avgt    5  4601.370 ±  0.632  ns/op ; + 530 ns/op
129JdkBenchmarks.indexed_cached  avgt    5  4064.455 ±  1.554  ns/op ; same as enhanced
130

1from solcx import compile_standard
2import json
3
4# get the contract content
5with open("./SimpleStorage.sol", "r") as file:
6    simple_storage_file = file.read()
7
8# compile the contract
9
10compiled_sol = compile_standard(
11    {
12        "language": "Solidity",
13        "sources": {"SimpleStorage.sol": {"content": simple_storage_file}},
14        "settings": {
15            "outputSelection": {
16                "*": {
17                    "*": {"abi", "metadata", "evm.bytecode", "evm.bytecode.sourceMap"}
18                }
19            }
20        },
21    },
22    solc_version="0.6.0",
23)
24
25# creat json file dump the comiled code in it to make it more readable.
26with open("compiled_code.json", "w") as file:
27    json.dump(compiled_sol, file)
28
29print(compiled_sol)
30(env) (base) liwei@liweideMacBook-Pro practice % python3 deploy.py
31Traceback (most recent call last):
32  File "deploy.py", line 10, in <module>
33    compiled_sol = compile_standard(
34  File "/Users/liwei/Desktop/demos/practice/env/lib/python3.8/site-packages/solcx/main.py", line 375, in compile_standard
35    stdin=json.dumps(input_data),
36  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/json/__init__.py", line 231, in dumps
37    return _default_encoder.encode(obj)
38  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/json/encoder.py", line 199, in encode
39    chunks = self.iterencode(o, _one_shot=True)
40  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/json/encoder.py", line 257, in iterencode
41    return _iterencode(o, 0)
42  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/json/encoder.py", line 179, in default
43    raise TypeError(f'Object of type {o.__class__.__name__} '
44TypeError: Object of type set is not JSON serializable
45{"abi", "metadata", "evm.bytecode", "evm.bytecode.sourceMap"}
46

1from solcx import compile_standard
2import json
3
4# get the contract content
5with open("./SimpleStorage.sol", "r") as file:
6    simple_storage_file = file.read()
7
8# compile the contract
9
10compiled_sol = compile_standard(
11    {
12        "language": "Solidity",
13        "sources": {"SimpleStorage.sol": {"content": simple_storage_file}},
14        "settings": {
15            "outputSelection": {
16                "*": {
17                    "*": {"abi", "metadata", "evm.bytecode", "evm.bytecode.sourceMap"}
18                }
19            }
20        },
21    },
22    solc_version="0.6.0",
23)
24
25# creat json file dump the comiled code in it to make it more readable.
26with open("compiled_code.json", "w") as file:
27    json.dump(compiled_sol, file)
28
29print(compiled_sol)
30(env) (base) liwei@liweideMacBook-Pro practice % python3 deploy.py
31Traceback (most recent call last):
32  File "deploy.py", line 10, in <module>
33    compiled_sol = compile_standard(
34  File "/Users/liwei/Desktop/demos/practice/env/lib/python3.8/site-packages/solcx/main.py", line 375, in compile_standard
35    stdin=json.dumps(input_data),
36  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/json/__init__.py", line 231, in dumps
37    return _default_encoder.encode(obj)
38  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/json/encoder.py", line 199, in encode
39    chunks = self.iterencode(o, _one_shot=True)
40  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/json/encoder.py", line 257, in iterencode
41    return _iterencode(o, 0)
42  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/json/encoder.py", line 179, in default
43    raise TypeError(f'Object of type {o.__class__.__name__} '
44TypeError: Object of type set is not JSON serializable
45{"abi", "metadata", "evm.bytecode", "evm.bytecode.sourceMap"}
46["abi", "metadata", "evm.bytecode", "evm.bytecode.sourceMap"]
47

1import java.util.HashMap;
2import java.util.Map;
3
4public class SwitchFail {
5  public static void main(String[] args) {
6    //doesnt work
7    Map<Integer, String> stringMap = new HashMap<>();
8    stringMap.put(1, "Test");
9    switch(stringMap.get(1)) {
10    }
11
12    //works
13    String plainString = "Test";
14     switch(plainString) {
15    }
16  }
17}
18Error: Unable to initialize main class SwitchFail
19Caused by: java.lang.VerifyError: Bad type on operand stack
20Exception Details:
21  Location:
22    SwitchFail.main([Ljava/lang/String;)V @33: invokevirtual
23  Reason:
24    Type 'java/lang/Object' (current frame, stack[0]) is not assignable to 'java/lang/String'
25  Current Frame:
26    bci: @33
27    flags: { }
28    locals: { '[Ljava/lang/String;', 'java/util/HashMap', 'java/lang/Object' }
29    stack: { 'java/lang/Object' }
30  Bytecode:
31    0000000: bb00 1059 b700 124c 2b04 b800 1312 19b9
32    0000010: 001b 0300 572b 04b8 0013 b900 2102 0059
33    0000020: 4db6 0025 57b1  
34
35                   
36            
37List<String> stringList = Arrays.asList("Test");
38switch(stringList.get(0)) {}
39import java.util.HashMap;
40import java.util.Map;
41
42public class SwitchFail {
43    public static void main(String[] args) {
44        Map<Integer, String> stringMap = new HashMap<>();
45        stringMap.put(1, "Test");
46        switch (stringMap.get(1)) {
47        default:
48            System.out.println("Hello");
49        }
50
51        String plainString = "Test";
52        switch (plainString) {
53        default:
54            System.out.println("Hi");
55        }
56    }
57}
58

1import java.util.HashMap;
2import java.util.Map;
3
4public class SwitchFail {
5  public static void main(String[] args) {
6    //doesnt work
7    Map<Integer, String> stringMap = new HashMap<>();
8    stringMap.put(1, "Test");
9    switch(stringMap.get(1)) {
10    }
11
12    //works
13    String plainString = "Test";
14     switch(plainString) {
15    }
16  }
17}
18Error: Unable to initialize main class SwitchFail
19Caused by: java.lang.VerifyError: Bad type on operand stack
20Exception Details:
21  Location:
22    SwitchFail.main([Ljava/lang/String;)V @33: invokevirtual
23  Reason:
24    Type 'java/lang/Object' (current frame, stack[0]) is not assignable to 'java/lang/String'
25  Current Frame:
26    bci: @33
27    flags: { }
28    locals: { '[Ljava/lang/String;', 'java/util/HashMap', 'java/lang/Object' }
29    stack: { 'java/lang/Object' }
30  Bytecode:
31    0000000: bb00 1059 b700 124c 2b04 b800 1312 19b9
32    0000010: 001b 0300 572b 04b8 0013 b900 2102 0059
33    0000020: 4db6 0025 57b1  
34
35                   
36            
37List<String> stringList = Arrays.asList("Test");
38switch(stringList.get(0)) {}
39import java.util.HashMap;
40import java.util.Map;
41
42public class SwitchFail {
43    public static void main(String[] args) {
44        Map<Integer, String> stringMap = new HashMap<>();
45        stringMap.put(1, "Test");
46        switch (stringMap.get(1)) {
47        default:
48            System.out.println("Hello");
49        }
50
51        String plainString = "Test";
52        switch (plainString) {
53        default:
54            System.out.println("Hi");
55        }
56    }
57}
58[~/Desktop]: java SwitchFail.java
59Hello
60Hi
61

1import java.util.HashMap;
2import java.util.Map;
3
4public class SwitchFail {
5  public static void main(String[] args) {
6    //doesnt work
7    Map<Integer, String> stringMap = new HashMap<>();
8    stringMap.put(1, "Test");
9    switch(stringMap.get(1)) {
10    }
11
12    //works
13    String plainString = "Test";
14     switch(plainString) {
15    }
16  }
17}
18Error: Unable to initialize main class SwitchFail
19Caused by: java.lang.VerifyError: Bad type on operand stack
20Exception Details:
21  Location:
22    SwitchFail.main([Ljava/lang/String;)V @33: invokevirtual
23  Reason:
24    Type 'java/lang/Object' (current frame, stack[0]) is not assignable to 'java/lang/String'
25  Current Frame:
26    bci: @33
27    flags: { }
28    locals: { '[Ljava/lang/String;', 'java/util/HashMap', 'java/lang/Object' }
29    stack: { 'java/lang/Object' }
30  Bytecode:
31    0000000: bb00 1059 b700 124c 2b04 b800 1312 19b9
32    0000010: 001b 0300 572b 04b8 0013 b900 2102 0059
33    0000020: 4db6 0025 57b1  
34
35                   
36            
37List<String> stringList = Arrays.asList("Test");
38switch(stringList.get(0)) {}
39import java.util.HashMap;
40import java.util.Map;
41
42public class SwitchFail {
43    public static void main(String[] args) {
44        Map<Integer, String> stringMap = new HashMap<>();
45        stringMap.put(1, "Test");
46        switch (stringMap.get(1)) {
47        default:
48            System.out.println("Hello");
49        }
50
51        String plainString = "Test";
52        switch (plainString) {
53        default:
54            System.out.println("Hi");
55        }
56    }
57}
58[~/Desktop]: java SwitchFail.java
59Hello
60Hi
61[~/Desktop/java17]: javac SwitchFail.java 
62[~/Desktop/java17]: jar -cvf java17test.jar .
63added manifest
64adding: SwitchFail.java(in = 379) (out= 212)(deflated 44%)
65adding: SwitchFail.class(in = 920) (out= 546)(deflated 40%)
66adding: .DS_Store(in = 6148) (out= 178)(deflated 97%)
67[~/Desktop/java17]: java -cp java17test.jar SwitchFail
68Hello
69Hi
70

1import java.util.HashMap;
2import java.util.Map;
3
4public class SwitchFail {
5  public static void main(String[] args) {
6    //doesnt work
7    Map<Integer, String> stringMap = new HashMap<>();
8    stringMap.put(1, "Test");
9    switch(stringMap.get(1)) {
10    }
11
12    //works
13    String plainString = "Test";
14     switch(plainString) {
15    }
16  }
17}
18Error: Unable to initialize main class SwitchFail
19Caused by: java.lang.VerifyError: Bad type on operand stack
20Exception Details:
21  Location:
22    SwitchFail.main([Ljava/lang/String;)V @33: invokevirtual
23  Reason:
24    Type 'java/lang/Object' (current frame, stack[0]) is not assignable to 'java/lang/String'
25  Current Frame:
26    bci: @33
27    flags: { }
28    locals: { '[Ljava/lang/String;', 'java/util/HashMap', 'java/lang/Object' }
29    stack: { 'java/lang/Object' }
30  Bytecode:
31    0000000: bb00 1059 b700 124c 2b04 b800 1312 19b9
32    0000010: 001b 0300 572b 04b8 0013 b900 2102 0059
33    0000020: 4db6 0025 57b1  
34
35                   
36            
37List<String> stringList = Arrays.asList("Test");
38switch(stringList.get(0)) {}
39import java.util.HashMap;
40import java.util.Map;
41
42public class SwitchFail {
43    public static void main(String[] args) {
44        Map<Integer, String> stringMap = new HashMap<>();
45        stringMap.put(1, "Test");
46        switch (stringMap.get(1)) {
47        default:
48            System.out.println("Hello");
49        }
50
51        String plainString = "Test";
52        switch (plainString) {
53        default:
54            System.out.println("Hi");
55        }
56    }
57}
58[~/Desktop]: java SwitchFail.java
59Hello
60Hi
61[~/Desktop/java17]: javac SwitchFail.java 
62[~/Desktop/java17]: jar -cvf java17test.jar .
63added manifest
64adding: SwitchFail.java(in = 379) (out= 212)(deflated 44%)
65adding: SwitchFail.class(in = 920) (out= 546)(deflated 40%)
66adding: .DS_Store(in = 6148) (out= 178)(deflated 97%)
67[~/Desktop/java17]: java -cp java17test.jar SwitchFail
68Hello
69Hi
70[~/Desktop/java17]: java -version
71openjdk version "17" 2021-09-14
72OpenJDK Runtime Environment (build 17+35-2724)
73OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (build 17+35-2724, mixed mode, sharing)
74