StartRoutine | four different methods to execute shellcode | Hacking library

after does not pause the program like time.sleep does, it just schedules something to be run later and keeps going. So all your lines are scheduled to run in 1000 milliseconds. To do what you want you can either use the i variable to give each line a time 1000 ms apart:

You can not cast std::function to function pointer. But you can use std::thread, which will work with any callbable, including std::function.

If, for whatever reason, you can't use std::thread, you can create a local class and a static member function there, to call the std::function.

Something along following lines:

If you want to pass more than one value to your thread function you will need a struct to hold those values. And depending on code design the struct instance may need to be dynamically allocated (if it were local to the function calling ZwCreateThreadEx it may well no longer be valid by the time the thread actually runs).

And as Martin James says you would then pass a pointer to that struct instance as the Argument parameter.