Arachne | Core aware thread management system
kandi X-RAY | Arachne Summary
kandi X-RAY | Arachne Summary
In today's large-scale data center systems, there are many complex software components which make a binary trade-off between latency and throughput. They either overprovision their systems to obtain lower latencies and consequently waste resources, or oversubscribe their systems and experience very high latencies due to imbalance between application load and system resources. Core-aware scheduling is the notion that we can balance an application's offered load to a system's available resources by scheduling threads at user level, and performing coarse-grained core allocation at operating system level. Under this approach, the kernel no longer preemptively multiplexes between threads without any awareness of what the application is doing. This enables us to avoid the performance degradations caused by slow context switches, priority inversion, and cache pollution from the threads of other processes.
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QUESTION
I am using Verilog to set up FPGA so that it blinks an LED once per second. And this is one way to do it:
...ANSWER
Answered 2021-May-07 at 13:12As your error message states, it is illegal to make a procedural assignment to a wire
. A procedural assignment is an assignment made inside an always
block, for example. You declared o_led
as a wire
, but then you assigned to it in an always
block. You should use a reg
type inside an always
block. Refer to IEEE Std 1800-2017, section 10.4 Procedural assignments.
Change:
QUESTION
While going through the router.cc
the file of arcahne-pnr
, I am unable to understand, how are the programmable interconnect pins PIPs routed? Does it seem PLL is representing the PIPs in the code? Could somebody help to make me clear, what corresponds to PIP in arachne-pnr
?
Thanks
ANSWER
Answered 2020-Jul-14 at 18:50They are called switches in the chip database, although I think the router expands this to its own structure.
Certainly nothing to do with PLL (phased locked loops) which are a clocking primitive.
QUESTION
i m new to yosys and arachne-pnr. Here is the snippet from .asc and .icebox_explain. I could not understand how the bits of LC_5 are derived from .logic_tile 1 11.
example.v
...ANSWER
Answered 2020-Jul-13 at 06:36LC_5 isn't the LC_ bits directly, but the 16 LUT init bits followed by 4 flipflop config bits.
The mapping from these to LC_ bit index is another step, also described in http://www.clifford.at/icestorm/logic_tile.html right at the bottom.
QUESTION
I wanted to know the internal clk reference pin number to be added for arachne-pnr pcf file. I am synthesizing for Alchitry Cu Board having the iCE40 HX8k chip (supported by yosis and arachne). I couldnt understand the correlation between pin number in pcf file to pin of the chip...
If someone could give me an example pcf file for say a DFF (something using clock), I will figure out the remaining. I have searched for this in google but was unsuccessful.
I saw some reference on .gate... command but didn't understand whether it should be added to pcf file or some other file and compiled for clk output. If so, please give me that command example
Sorry, for the long question. Any help will be much appreciated.
Thanks, Bharat
...ANSWER
Answered 2020-Apr-07 at 11:31pin numbers in the PCF are the same as package pin numbers. ".gate" is in the BLIF file generated by the synthesis tool and not something you put in the PCF.
Also do note that arachne-pnr is now deprecated and largely unsupported, you should be using its successor nextpnr for open source place and route. Its handling of PCF issues should be better too.
QUESTION
I am creating a program that needs to have an array of 100 strings. Each string refers to a mythological god in the game SMITE. This god has 3 important attributes that determine what items the god is allowed to use.
1: ability Class: warrior, mage, guardian, hunter, assassin.
2: Range: Melee or Range.
3: Damage type: Magical or Physical
Basically this program gets a random god, and builds 6 random items from the allowed list it can access based on these attributes.
These attributes will be looked at in order to determine what items the god is allowed to use. there will be around 150 items, and these items are only able to be used by a specific class, range, and damage type.
I have a current solution that works but unfortunately i have to create an entire string array with all of the gods that belong to each type. For example i create an array with 50 magical gods, then an array with 20 mages. in order to determine which items that god can use i am checking the randomly generated god String against all of the arrays that determine its type, and if it is found then flag that type. I am wondering if it is possible to store these gods as objects with all of these identifiers. Example. The god "Anubis" would have the mage ability class, the ranged range type, and the magical damage type, all stored in the one object that defines Anubis. That way i would not have to create tons of long Arrays full of god names and check them against each other. If this is possible please someone help. I am currently in a programming class for C++ and we have not covered OOP but i am somewhat familiar with it because of python.
...ANSWER
Answered 2019-Feb-16 at 23:20With your current goals in mind I would structure your code something like this:
QUESTION
When I synthesize an empty circuit using Yosys and arachne-pnr, I get a few irregular bits:
...ANSWER
Answered 2017-Mar-02 at 07:48The default behavior for unused IO pins is to enable the pullup resistors and disable input enable. On iCE40 1k chips this means IE_0 and IE_1 are set and REN_0 and REN_1 are cleared in an unused IO tile. (On 8k chips IE_* is active high, i.e. all bits are cleared in an unused IO tile on an 8k chip.)
icebox_explain
by default hides tiles that have "uninteresting" contents. (Run icebox_explain -A
to disable this feature.)
It looks like arachne-pnr
does not set those bits for IO pins that are not available in the current package. Thus you get some unusual bit pattern in some IO tiles that contain IE/REN bits for IO blocks not connected to any package pin.
This is what a "normal" unused IO tile looks like on the 1k architecture:
QUESTION
Is the correspondence between the I/O blocks of an iCE40 FPGA and the pins of the package they drive documented somewhere?
The I/O tile documentation of Project IceStorm gives a list of I/O blocks, and for each block where its IE and REN bits are located in the bitstream. A few blocks are missing from this list:
...ANSWER
Answered 2017-Feb-28 at 16:06Does that mean that these blocks don't exist?
It means those blocks are not connected to actual IO pins. I would assume they still exist on the silicon. But since I've never looked at the actual die, I have no way of knowing.
However, I'd like to cross-check this information if possible.
See the .pins tq144
section of chipdb-1k.txt. For example:
QUESTION
I'm trying to understand the bitstreams generated by Yosys/arachne-pnr as described on http://www.clifford.at/icestorm/:
The recommended approach for learning how to use this documentation is to synthesize very simple circuits using Yosys and Arachne-pnr, run the icestorm tool
icebox_explain
on the resulting bitstream files, and analyze the results using the HTML export of the database mentioned above.icebox_vlog
can be used to convert the bitstream to Verilog. The output file of this tool will also outline the signal paths in comments added to the generated Verilog code.
In order to understand the effect a change in the bitstream has, it would be helpful if I could change the .ex
file and convert it back to an ASCII bitstream (instead of having to identify the bit manually) for uploading to the FPGA. Is there a way to do so?
I'm a bit concerned about damaging the FPGA with an invalid bitstream. Are there situations where this is known to happen? Is there a way to simulate a bitstream?
Also, it would be helpful to have some kind of “higher-level” explanation format which e.g. shows the IE/REN bits on the I/O blocks to which they correspond, not the one on which they have to be set in the bitstream. Is there such a format?
I know of the possibility to generate an equivalent Verilog circuit, but the problem with this is that it doesn't usually allow me a lossless round-trip back into a bitstream. Is there a way to generate an equivalent Verilog circuit which (e.g. by instantiating the blocks explicitly) yields the exact same bitstream when processed with Yosys/arachne-pnr?
...ANSWER
Answered 2017-Feb-28 at 16:02I'm a bit concerned about damaging the FPGA with an invalid bitstream. Are there situations where this is known to happen? Is there a way to simulate a bitstream?
I have not damaged any FPGA so far. (I have, however, managed to damage the serial flash on one icestick after running some test that reprogrammed it in a loop.)
But this does not mean that you cannot damage your FPGA by programming it with an invalid bitstream. You could theoretically configure the FPGA in a way that produces a driver-driver conflict. I don't know how well the hardware deals with something like that. I have not run any experiments to find out..
Also, it would be helpful to have some kind of “higher-level” explanation format which e.g. shows the IE/REN bits on the I/O blocks to which they correspond, not the one on which they have to be set in the bitstream. Is there such a format?
icebox_vlog
produces a higher-level output. But it does not output things like I/O blocks, so it might be too high-level for your needs.
I know of the possibility to generate an equivalent Verilog circuit, but the problem with this is that it doesn't usually allow me a lossless round-trip back into a bitstream. Is there a way to generate an equivalent Verilog circuit which (e.g. by instantiating the blocks explicitly) yields the exact same bitstream when processed with Yosys/arachne-pnr?
Not at the moment. But it should not be too hard to extend icebox_vlog
to provide this functionality. So if you really need that, it might be something within your reach to add yourself.
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