lwf | LWF - Lightweight SWF
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LWF - Lightweight SWF
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QUESTION
I am using ethers.js to interact with my smart contract deployed on polygon testnet. I try to call a function play() from the smart contract but it always fails with the error: Error: transaction failed [ See: https://links.ethers.org/v5-errors-CALL_EXCEPTION ]
I have satisfied all the require statements but it still seems to fail. Is there something wrong with my code?
I have also tried using getRandomNumber() function from of chainlink VRF separately and it works there.
My smart contract:
...ANSWER
Answered 2022-Mar-30 at 08:51Your transaction was reverted due to insufficient gas:
Warning! Error encountered during contract execution [out of gas]
Try removing gas
and gasPrice
fields from your call or increasing
QUESTION
We have an NDIS LWF driver, and only on very few systems, we get IRQL_UNEXPECTED_VALUE BSOD on the NdisFIndicateReceiveNetBufferLists, But we do not raise or lower IRQL in any part of the code, and the NdisFIndicateReceiveNetBufferLists is called in the irp_mj_device_control callback. We also check the IRQL and if its DISPATCH, we set the last argument to NDIS_RECEIVE_FLAGS_DISPATCH_LEVEL, and 0 otherwise, could this be the issue?
I also found this article:
https://knowledge.broadcom.com/external/article/164146/crash-with-bug-check-0xc8-after-installi.html
They had a similar issue, and the issue seems to be that there was another NDIS driver raising the IRQL to DISPATCH_LEVEL and forgeting to lower it? But I'm still not sure if this is applicable to our issue or not? Could this be also our issue?
...ANSWER
Answered 2022-Feb-20 at 20:13They had a similar issue, and the issue seems to be that there was another NDIS driver raising the IRQL to DISPATCH_LEVEL and forgeting to lower it? But I'm still not sure if this is applicable to our issue or not? Could this be also our issue?
That particular bugcheck means that someone leaked the IRQL during the code that has already unwound off the stack. KeExpandKernelStackAndCalloutInternal
is doing something like this:
QUESTION
I have written a NDIS LWF driver, that gathers send/recv packets, and sends them to the user service, and the user service marks those that are OK, and then we indicate/send those packets that were marked as OK. Note that we first use NdisFSendNetBufferListComplete (in case of send) and NdisFIndicateREceiveNetBufferLists (in case of receive) in our LWF callbacks, and then we send the packets to the user afterwards, and we finally send/indicate those that are marked as OK.
But i have noticed that this is causing the windows 10's task manager to show 0% in every process for their network usage in the processes tab, even tho they are not 0%. And when i turn off the driver it get fixed.
But the weird thing is that his doesn't happen in the performance->ethernet tab and in the resource monitor program, and both of them show the actual network usage.
So what is causing this, and why can the resource monitor and the network tab still see the network usage? I think this has to do with the fact that probably resource monitor uses an NDIS filter and the network usage in the processes tab is using a WFP, but I'm not sure.
...ANSWER
Answered 2021-Oct-14 at 19:49Does your driver call NdisCopySendNetBufferListInfo
and NdisCopyRecieveNetBufferListInfo
?
The per-app accounting is indeed tracked using WFP callouts. There is a WFP callout at the top of the network stack that attaches app identity to each NET_BUFFER_LIST. There is another WFP callout at the bottom of the network stack (closest to the hardware) that does the actual byte-counting and bills each app for its network consumption.
If you simply clone the NET_BUFFER_LIST, that doesn't by default copy the app identity that is attached to the NET_BUFFER_LIST. You need to also call one of NdisCopySendNetBufferListInfo
or NdisCopyRecieveNetBufferListInfo
to copy that metadata.
Coincidentally there was another NDIS question yesterday for which I am writing the same answer ;) . So rather than write it all out again, you can refer to what I wrote here: Send doesn't work properly in my NDIS modifying filter driver
QUESTION
I have a pyspark data frame as
...ANSWER
Answered 2021-Feb-22 at 08:05You can use replace
on dataframe to replace the values in colC
by passing a dict object for the mappings. And round
function to limit the number of decimals in colB
:
QUESTION
Currently working on a light weight filter in the NDIS stack. I'm trying to inject a packet which set in a global variable as an NBL. During receive NBL, if an injected NBL is pending, than a lock is taken by the thread before picking the injected NBL up to process it. Originally I was looking at using a spin lock or FAST_MUTEX. But according to the documentation for FAST_MUTEX, any other threads attempting to take the lock will wait for the lock to release before continuing.
The problem is, that receive NBL is running in DPC mode. This would cause a DPC running thread to pause and wait for the lock to release. Additionally, I'd like to be able to assert ownership of a thread's ownership over a lock.
My question is, does windows kernel support unique mutex locks in the kernel, can these locks be taken in DPC mode and how expensive is assertion of ownership in the lock. I'm fairly new to C++ so forgive any syntax errors.
I attempted to define a mutex in the LWF object
...ANSWER
Answered 2020-Jan-03 at 20:47You can't use standard ISO C++ synchronization mechanisms while inside a Windows kernel.
A Windows kernel is a whole other world in itself, and requires you to live by its rules (which are vast - see for example these two 700-page books: 1, 2).
Processing inside a Windows kernel is largely asynchronous and event-based; you handle events and schedule deferred calls or use other synchronization techniques for work that needs to be done later.
Having said that, it is possible to have a mutex in the traditional sense inside a Windows driver. It's called a Fast Mutex and requires raising IRQL to APC_LEVEL. Then you can use calls like ExAcquireFastMutex, ExTryToAcquireFastMutex and ExReleaseFastMutex to lock/try-lock/release it.
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