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QUESTION
My girlfriend was asked the below question in an interview:
We trigger 5 independent APIs simultaneously. Once they have all completed, we want to trigger a function. How will you design a system to do this?
My girlfriend replied she will use a flag variable, but the interviewer was evidently not happy with it.
So, is there a good way in which this could be handled (in a distributed context)? Note that each of the 5 API calls are made by different servers and the function to be triggered is on a 6th server.
...ANSWER
Answered 2021-Jun-13 at 23:34If I were asked this, my first thought would be to use promises/futures. The idea behind them is that you can execute time-consuming operations asynchronously and they will somehow notify you when they've completed, either successfully or unsuccessfully, typically by calling a callback function. So the first step is to spawn five asynchronous tasks and get five promises.
Then I would join the five promises together, creating a unified promise that represents the five separate tasks. In JavaScript I might call Promise.all(); in Java I would use CompletableFuture.allOf().
I would want to make sure to handle both success and failure. The combined promise should succeed if all of the API calls succeed and fail if any of them fail. If any fail there should be appropriate error handling/reporting. What happens if multiple calls fail? How would a mix of successes and failures be reported? These would be design points to mention, though not necessarily solve during the interview.
Promises and futures typically have modular layering system that would allow edge cases like timeouts to be handled by chaining handlers together. If done right, timeouts could become just another error condition that would be naturally handled by the error handling already in place.
This solution would not require any state to be shared across threads, so I would not have to worry about mutexes or deadlocks or other thread synchronization problems.
She said she would use a flag variable to keep track of the number of API calls have returned.
One thing that makes great interviewees stand out is their ability to anticipate follow-up questions and explain details before they are asked. The best answers are fully fleshed out. They demonstrate that one has thought through one's answer in detail, and they have minimal handwaving.
When I read the above I have a slew of follow-up questions:
- How will she know when each API call has returned? Is she waiting for a function call to return, a callback to be called, an event to be fired, or a promise to complete?
- How is she causing all of the API calls to be executed concurrently? Is there multithreading, a fork-join pool, multiprocessing, or asynchronous execution?
- Flag variables are booleans. Is she really using a flag, or does she mean a counter?
- What is the variable tracking and what code is updating it?
- What is monitoring the variable, what condition is it checking, and what's it doing when the condition is reached?
- If using multithreading, how is she handling synchronization?
- How will she handle edge cases such API calls failing, or timing out?
A flag variable might lead to a workable solution or it might lead nowhere. The only way an interviewer will know which it is is if she thinks about and proactively discusses these various questions. Otherwise, the interviewer will have to pepper her with follow-up questions, and will likely lower their evaluation of her.
When I interview people, my mental grades are something like:
- S — Solution works and they addressed all issues without prompting.
- A — Solution works, follow-up questions answered satisfactorily.
- B — Solution works, explained well, but there's a better solution that more experienced devs would find.
- C — What they said is okay, but their depth of knowledge is lacking.
- F — Their answer is flat out incorrect, or getting them to explain their answer was like pulling teeth.
QUESTION
If you look at the raw JSON of a jupyter notebook (python in this case), each cell has a field labeled "id", and they seem to be made up of hyphenated random word pairs, and are often rather funny. A couple random examples:
...ANSWER
Answered 2021-Mar-18 at 16:45Essentially, it seems they are meant to provide human-readable cell identifiers. There is a longer explanation of the need for such fields in the enhancement proposal. The document also points to the exact implementation in nbformat.
They are quite funny, as they are made of a random noun and a random adjective. I personally find them rather annoying though, as they tend to change unexpectedly, making git diffs ugly.
QUESTION
I have a dataframe: For example:
df =
...ANSWER
Answered 2021-May-03 at 18:52df1 = df[df["Questions"].str.split(n=1).str[0].isin(yn_list + yn_negative_list)]
print(df1)
print()
df2 = df[df["Questions"].str.lower().str.split(n=1).str[0].isin(wh_list)]
print(df2)
print()
df3 = df[df["Questions"].str.endswith(".")]
print(df3)
print()
QUESTION
I want to allow authorized users to create (and destroy) user accounts. I have gotten this part working according to hints I found in this and other questions.
But I also want to prevent unauthorized users from creating and destroying accounts.
I have my own registration_controller:
...ANSWER
Answered 2021-Mar-25 at 21:15Apparently this has been an issue with devise for a long time.
The workaround is to change the before_action to:
QUESTION
My girlfriend is an illustration/artist with a stall at a market, and I'm trying to help her with her inventory management. At the moment, she puts her sales through her credit card machine (Sum Up), and I can export the transactions in a csv in approx. the following format:
...ANSWER
Answered 2020-Dec-22 at 01:27You can split the products, then use pandas explode:
QUESTION
I am having a dataset, which is consisting of two columns, one is a Myers-Briggs personality type and the other one is containing the last 50 tweets of that person. I have tokenized, removed the URLs and the stop words from the list, and lemmatized the words.
I am then creating a collections.Counter of the most common words and I am checking whether they are valid English words with nltk.
The problem is that checking if the word exists in the corpora vocabulary takes too much time and I also think that a lot of words are missing from this vocabulary. This is my code:
...ANSWER
Answered 2020-Nov-16 at 22:54I would suggest this solution:
QUESTION
So this is my code
...ANSWER
Answered 2020-Nov-15 at 23:34You can simply use find method of str class which tells you the lowest index where substring is found.
I modified your code to something like this:
QUESTION
My recycler view is only showing the last item in my data. I want to show the all of it instead.
Data structure:
...ANSWER
Answered 2020-Nov-05 at 08:03Please try updating your item layout as per below.
QUESTION
I did a timing experiment and I don't believe I'm using dask.delayed correctly. Here is the code:
ANSWER
Answered 2020-Sep-23 at 17:20The time it takes for my_operation to run is minuscule per row. Even with the "threaded" scheduler, Dask adds overhead per task, and indeed python's GIL means that non-vectorised operations like this cannot actually run in parallel.
Just as you should avoid iterating a pandas dataframe, you should really avoid iterating it, and dispatching every row for dask to work on.
Did you know that Dask had a pandas-like dataframe API? You could do:
QUESTION
I have homework to do (actually my girlfriend :-D) and there are some restrictions on what I can and can't do. In my NetBeans project folder there are two folders named "interfaces" and "homework". The folder "interfaces" contains interfaces and classes that are NOT allowed to edit, because said that to us xD. I am only allowed to edit the source text in the "homework" folder.
Usually, I know it to implement interfaces in Java with the keyword "implements". But I don't know how to use it in the "homework" folder, because the "interfaces" folder already contains classes that implement the methods and logic of the interfaces, but I am not allowed to edit them.
This is the task:
"We provide you with various interfaces in the "interfaces" package, which you have to implement. You are only allowed to create your own implementation in the "homework" package. You may not modify the classes and interfaces of the "interfaces" package!
The interface "TextAdventure", the methods of which you have to implement, allow you to create a text adventure game. In the "homework" package you will find a Main class that uses the TextAdventure interface to initialize various games. You can play through that game after you successfully implementing the interfaces as disired. The game scenarios are designed to help you extensively test your code. All methods of the Interface Player are available for interacting with the game. Also take a look at the GameStarter class. In this, the interaction with the player is implemented.
The TextAdventure interface offers various methods for creating a new game. For each method, think about the cases in which it could fail. In such cases, throw a TextAdventureException. This is also made available to you in the "interfaces" package. Once the desired initial state is established, a game can be started with "startGame ()"."
Interfaces:
...ANSWER
Answered 2020-Sep-13 at 04:36You can implement all the methods that an interface X declares without writing "implements X". But that is really nonsensical. You want that the Java compiler understands that your new class implements X. And you need that keyword on the signature of the class definition for that.
One could think of extending a class that already implements an interface, then you don't have to repeat the keyword "implements X". But that is really just about not using that keyword in your source code.
In your case, the key part is to understand that not all interfaces in that package interfaces have an implementation so far. Your starting point: write down just the list of names of classes and interfaces that exist in the input you received. Then see which interface has implementations, and which have not!
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