ftrace | trace local function calls like strace and ltrace | Code Inspection library
kandi X-RAY | ftrace Summary
kandi X-RAY | ftrace Summary
The basic idea behind the implementation is:. Some other fancy stuff happens in the background. For instance, if no header file is provided simple taint analysis is done on functions to determine the number of function arguments.
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QUESTION
I try to run this Neural Network script (for a regression model) There are two classes defined above. One is Standardizer class and other is Neural Net class. The Standardizer class normalizes all the values and the NeuralNet class builds the neural network that learns the data through feed forward and back propagation.
This function takes the the number of inputs, hidden units, and outputs as the three parameters.
The set_hunit function is used to either update or initiate the weights.It takes the weight as the parameter.
The Pack function packs the multiple weights of each layer into one vector. The unpack function does vice versa.
Forward pass in neural network propagates as shown below:
ππ=β(ππβ π)=ππβ π
Activation function is used to make the network non linear. We may use tanh or RBG or etc.
In the backward pass the function takes the the z values, Target values and the error as input. Based on the delta value, the weights and the bias are updated accoringly. This method returns the weight vector packed together of that particualr layer. Below are the functions that are excecuted during backward pass.
ππβπ+πΌβ1π1πΎππβ€((πβπ)πβ€β(1βπ2))βπ+πΌπ1π1πΎππβ€(πβπ)
The train function takes the feautures and the target as the input. The gradientf unpacks the weights,proceeds with the forward pass by calling forward function. Now error is calculated using results of forward pass. Now back propagation is proceeded by calling backward function with parameters as error, Z, T(Target), _lambda.
The optimtarget function tries to reduce the error by using the object function and updates the weights accordingly.
The use method is applied to the test data after training the model. Testing data is passed as parameter and it stadardizes the data. Then forward is applied on the data which returns the predictions
...This shows module not found error, but I have installed grad module with pip installation
ANSWER
Answered 2021-May-11 at 13:16Try to open command prompt and type pip install grad
or if you using jupyter notebook, make a new code shell and type !pip install grad
before you importing it
Hope that solves your problem
QUESTION
I am trying to solve a MINLP problem using first the IPOPT solver to get an initial solution then the APOPT to get the mixed integer solution. However, I get the following error when calling the APOPT solver:
Error: Exception: Access Violation At line 359 of file ./f90/cqp.f90 Traceback: not available, compile with -ftrace=frame or -ftrace=full Error: 'results.json' not found. Check above for additional error details Traceback (most recent call last): File "optimisation_stack.py", line 244, in Optimise_G(t,ob, jofbuses, q, qc, s, oa, k, l, T, G_previous, C, Y, G_previous, G_max, G_min) File "optimisation_stack.py", line 134, in Optimise_G sol = MINLP(xinit, A, B, A_eq, B_eq, LB ,UB, t, ob, jofbuses, q, qc, s, oa, k, l, T, G_previous, C, Y, G_previous) File "optimisation_stack.py", line 215, in MINLP m_APOPT.solve(disp = False) File "C:\Users\Zineb\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\gekko\gekko.py", line 2227, in solve self.load_JSON() File "C:\Users\Zineb\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\gekko\gk_post_solve.py", line 13, in load_JSON f = open(os.path.join(self._path,'options.json')) FileNotFoundError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: 'C:\Users\Zineb\AppData\Local\Temp\tmptdgafg1zgk_model1\options.json'
My code is the following, I tried to simplify it as much as possible :
...ANSWER
Answered 2021-May-08 at 13:24The Windows version of the APOPT solver crashed and wasn't able to find a solution. However, the online Linux version of APOPT is able to find a solution. Get the latest version of Gekko (v1.0.0 pre-release) available on GitHub. This will be available with pip install gekko --upgrade
when the new version is published but for now you need to copy the source to Lib\site-packages\gekko\gekko.py
. After updating gekko
, switch to remote=True
as shown below.
QUESTION
I am trying to solve a MINLP problem using gekko. My code is the following:
...ANSWER
Answered 2021-May-03 at 13:00The option minlp_maximum_iterations
is not one of the available options for the IPOPT solver. You correctly discovered that switching to m.options.SOLVER=1
(APOPT solver) resolves this error.
The solver is not finding a solution. I recommend an initialization strategy to first solve with IPOPT without the options. Next, solve again with the APOPT options to see if the IPOPT non-integer solution helps as a starting point to find the optimal integer solution.
QUESTION
I am trying to do an assignment (from another univ's coursepage) which has a line in the starter code (Python with mininet) as
os.system("rmmod tcp_probe; modprobe tcp_probe full=1")
Popen("cat /proc/net/tcpprobe > %s" % (outfile), shell=True)
which gives an error saying that tcp_probe
has been disabled.
I found out by googling that tcp_probe
has been deprecated in the linux kernel. However it just asks me to 'do the same using ftrace'. I have tried searching online but could not find out how to use ftrace to achieve the same.
Any help is appreciated.
...ANSWER
Answered 2021-Feb-15 at 16:10tldr;
Unfortunately, I could not find any way to get TCP tracepoints to work in Mininet, which is what ftrace would uses. The reason for this is that the mininet's /sys/kern/debug directory is empty, i.e., tracing cannot be enabled.
Options:
1. Using mininet-tracing (not recommended)
There probably is a way to get the kernel to include this, or you could use https://github.com/mininet/mininet-tracing which might get you what you need, but I have seen reports that it is slow, and has been updated 9 years ago...
2. Writing a new kernel module (I have tested this and it works)
What I found as a solution instead, was to force printing for the TCP I had in mind and then take a look at the results that way. In order to enable this, you would essentially need to extend some of TCP's behaviour and (quite possibly) reuse the TCP module you have in mind. And create a new kernel module.
Here I have provided an example that you can use. It logs socket information on each ACK. I also included a Makefile and a script to load/unload the kernel module. After you enable the module and let some traffic flow (assuming you are on a debian-based linux) you should be able to find the logs of your TCP in /var/log/kern.log
.
Note: This is a hacky way around the issue, but was good enough for my needs, and hopefully can help someone else too.
QUESTION
Yesterday we lost contact with 10 identically configured servers, after some investigation the conclusion was that a reboot after security updates had failed.
We have so far not been able to get any of the servers back online, but were lucky enough to be able to reinstall the instances without data loss.
I will paste the console log below, can anyone help me determine the root cause and perhaps give me some advice on if there is a better way to configure the server to make recovery easier (like getting past the "Press Enter to continue." prompt, that it seems to hang in).
The full log is too big for SO, so I put it on pastebin and pasted a redacted version below. I have removed the escape sequences that colorize the output and removed some double new lines, but besides that it is complete.
...ANSWER
Answered 2020-Oct-30 at 11:21Ok, shortly after posting we figured it out. Seems like a mount point has changed (I expect due to a linux kernel update) and we have not used the nofail option in /etc/fstab as described in the aws knowledge center, this caused the server to hang at boot.
Going forward we will also ensure we use UUID mounting so we are independent on the device naming in /dev/.
QUESTION
I'm currently doing some experiments, and I need to record all the events that are generated during the execution of normal stress-ng execution cyle like this /usr/bin/stress-ng -c 80 -t 30 --times --exec 50 --exec-ops 50
, specifically the ones related to exec (sched:sched_process_exec
and syscalls:sys_enter_execve
).
Unfortunately when analysing the trace file, I get some processes that didn't generated any sys_execve
, but were captured by the sched_process_exec
, which to me makes no sense.
This happened even though no events where lost (in the trace file the entries in buffer/written are the same, and trace-cmd doesn't warn about events lost).
Given this situation I can't understand why this happens, and the only explanation I can give is that these events are not being recorded. Any help would be appreciated.
Here's an example for reference of trace file I get
To be clear in what I'm saying, these lines should be the norm:
...ANSWER
Answered 2020-Jun-20 at 08:43I solved this problem by also capturing the event syscalls:sys_enter_execve
. Between the two of them I was able to get every instance of exec called.
QUESTION
I have encountered an error which I did not have before when running the optimizer locally.
The problem:I was running my optimization problem in VS Code and wanted to cancel the execution, so I used ctrl+C in the terminal window. After that, I am unable to run my code locally. The code does run with remote = True, but I want to run locally and I need to run it on Win10 Pro OS. I am using Windows 10 Pro with python 3.7.4. The error I get now is:
...ANSWER
Answered 2020-Mar-05 at 16:35Even though you stopped the Python script with Ctrl-C
, your prior job sub-process may still be running in the background and consuming resources when running with remote=False
. If you were able to run it previously, I recommend that you check if apm
is running in the background with top
at the command terminal. You can locate the PID
of apm
with:
QUESTION
I am writing a small kernel driver that has the job to act as a honeypot and monitor actions taken on a specific file on the system. To start things off, I used the code in this repository, which I then slightly modified for simplicity reasons so that it works only for one system call: sys_open
.
Now I need to gather information for the process and the user that run that system call to open this file, but I could not find any way to do it. I thought that I could use the file descriptor to identify which process has it, but after a discussion with my university professor, he told me that file descriptors are NOT unique system-wide, but only process-wide.
To conclude, is there a way that could give me the PID of the process that implicitly called sys_open
?
ANSWER
Answered 2020-Feb-03 at 15:29When running in kernel code, information about the currently running process is stored in the current
global variable (it's actually a platform specific macro rather than a global variable, to be precise), which is a struct task_struct
. If you are inside a syscall handler (or a hook to one), then current
will be the process which started the syscall, and you can just check current->pid
to get its PID.
To get the current process' UID, GID, EUID, EGID (and so on) you can use the set of macros defined in linux/cred.h
. From the the relative kernel documentation page:
There are convenience wrappers for retrieving specific aspects of a taskβs credentials (the value is simply returned in each case):
QUESTION
I'm trying to write a bash script that starts a program, waits for x seconds and than sends the ctrl+c signal to the program to stop it. The program is "trace-cmd" (which is a frontend for ftrace) that records/traces data until ctrl+c is pressed.
I already found a solution to get the PID of trace-cmd, and to send the SIGINT signal using kill to it. Yet, somehow it does not work.
This is my command that is executed (all in one line, just formatted for readability):
...ANSWER
Answered 2019-Dec-20 at 01:55The 'sudo' process does not pass INT signal to it's children. The CTRL/C processing passed the INT signal to all processes running in the foreground
for the connected terminal.
Try one of the options:
Consider using regular kill on sudo (NO
-INT
). This will use TERM signal, which will result in sudo terminating sub processes.Send the
INT
signal directly to the frace (pkill -INT trace_cmd)
QUESTION
I have recently started working with ftrace. I able to get function graph trace using
...ANSWER
Answered 2019-Aug-22 at 05:01TLDR it can be achieved by
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