Instances | A process wrapper for asyncronous use , using Tasks or Events | Job Scheduling library
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A process wrapper for asyncronous use, using Tasks or Events.
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QUESTION
Haskell typeclasses often come with laws; for instance, instances of Monoid
are expected to observe that x <> mempty = mempty <> x = x
.
Typeclass laws are often written with single-equals (=
) rather than double-equals (==
). This suggests that the notion of equality used in typeclass laws is something other than that of Eq
(which makes sense, since Eq
is not a superclass of Monoid
)
Searching around, I was unable to find any authoritative statement on the meaning of =
in typeclass laws. For instance:
- The Haskell 2010 report does not even contain the word "law" in it
- Speaking with other Haskell users, most people seem to believe that
=
usually means extensional equality or substitution but is fundamentally context-dependent. Nobody provided any authoritative source for this claim. - The Haskell wiki article on monad laws states that
=
is extensional, but, again, fails to provide a source, and I wasn't able to track down any way to contact the author of the relevant edit.
The question, then: Is there any authoritative source on or standard for the semantics for =
in typeclass laws? If so, what is it? Additionally, are there examples where the intended meaning of =
is particularly exotic?
(As a side note, treating =
extensionally can get tricky. For instance, there is a Monoid (IO a)
instance, but it's not really clear what extensional equality of IO
values looks like.)
ANSWER
Answered 2022-Feb-24 at 22:30Typeclass laws are not part of the Haskell language, so they are not subject to the same kind of language-theoretic semantic analysis as the language itself.
Instead, these laws are typically presented as an informal mathematical notation. Most presentations do not need a more detailed mathematical exposition, so they do not provide one.
QUESTION
I am trying to compile and load dynamically generated Java code during runtime. Since both ClassLoader::defineClass and Unsafe::defineAnonymousClass have serious drawbacks in this scenario, I tried using hidden classes via Lookup::defineHiddenClass instead. This works fine for all classes that I tried to load, except for those that call lambda expressions or contain anonymous classes.
Calling a lambda expression throws the following exception:
...ANSWER
Answered 2022-Feb-23 at 18:19You can not turn arbitrary classes into hidden classes.
The documentation of defineHiddenClass
contains the sentence
- On any attempt to resolve the entry in the run-time constant pool indicated by
this_class
, the symbolic reference is considered to be resolved toC
and resolution always succeeds immediately.
What it doesn’t spell out explicitly is that this is the only place where a type resolution ever ends up at the hidden class.
But it has been said unambiguously in bug report JDK-8222730:
For a hidden class, its specified hidden name should only be accessible through the hidden class's 'this_class' constant pool entry.
The class should not be accessible by specifying its original name in, for example, a method or field signature even within the hidden class.
Which we can check. Even a simple case like
QUESTION
I've noticed that when using VS Code with the current version of Haskell (GHC 9.2.1 and HLS 1.6.1.0), I no longer receive errors when I write type signatures in my instance declarations, even though I haven't included the {-# LANGUAGE InstanceSigs -#}
extension.
Was there a change made to Haskell recently to allow instance signatures by default?
...ANSWER
Answered 2022-Feb-13 at 05:14GHC 9.2.1 enables GHC2021
by default.
The GHC2021 language is supported now. It builds on top of Haskell2010, adding several stable and conservative extensions, and removing deprecated ones. It is now also the “default” language set that is active when no other language set, such as Haskell98 or Haskell2010, is explicitly loaded (e.g via Cabal’s default-language). https://downloads.haskell.org/~ghc/9.2.1/docs/html/users_guide/9.2.1-notes.html
GHC2021
language enables InstanceSigs
.
https://github.com/ghc-proposals/ghc-proposals/blob/master/proposals/0380-ghc2021.rst
QUESTION
Haskell hobbyist here - is it possible to map a polymorphic constant over a list of types in a generic way?
More precisely, consider this snippet:
...ANSWER
Answered 2022-Feb-09 at 00:00I wish someone can prove me wrong, but this is one of the few corner cases where we meet a limitation of current GHC and we can not get away from using Proxy
, Tagged
or similar "relics" of the past.
Let's consider a simpler example:
QUESTION
We have deployed a django server (nginx/gunicorn/django) but to scale the server there are multiple instances of same django application running.
Here is the diagram (architecture):
Each blue rectangle is a Virtual Machine.
HAProxy sends all request to example.com/admin to Server 3.other requests are divided between Server 1 and Server 2.(load balance).
Old Problem:
Each machine has a media folder and when admin Uploads something the uploaded media is only on Server 3. (normal users can't upload anything)
We solved this by sending all requests to example.com/media/* to Server 3 and nginx from Server3 serves all static files and media.
Problem right now
We are also using sorl-thumbnail.
When a requests comes for example.com/,sorl-thumbnail tries to access the media file but it doesn't exist on this machine because it's on Server3.
So now all requests to that machine(server 1 or 2) get 404 for that media file.
One solution that comes to mind is to make a shared partition between all 3 machines and use it as media. Another solution is to sync all media folders after each upload but this solution has problem and that is we have almost 2000 requests per second and sometimes sync might not be fast enough and sorl-thumbnail creates the database record of empty file and 404 happens.
Thanks in advance and sorry for long question.
...ANSWER
Answered 2021-Dec-26 at 19:53You should use an object store to save and serve your user uploaded files. django-storages makes the implementation really simple.
If you don’t want to use cloud based AWS S3 or equivalent, you can host your own on-prem S3 compatible object store with minio.
On your current setup I don’t see any easy way to fix where the number of vm s are dynamic depending on load.
If you have deployment automation then maybe try out rsync so that the vm takes care of syncing files with other vms.
QUESTION
I've got a website written in pure PHP and now I'm learning Laravel, so I'm remaking this website again to learn the framework. I have used built-in Auth
Fasade to make authentication. I would like to understand, what's going on inside, so I decided to learn more by customization. Now I try to make a master password, which would allow direct access to every single account (as it was done in the past).
Unfortunately, I can't find any help, how to do that. When I was looking for similar issues I found only workaround solutions like login by admin and then switching to another account or solution for an older version of Laravel etc.
I started studying the Auth
structure by myself, but I lost and I can't even find a place where the password is checked. I also found the very expanded solution on GitHub, so I tried following it step by step, but I failed to make my own, shorter implementation of this. In my old website I needed only one row of code for making a master password, but in Laravel is a huge mountain of code with no change for me to climb on it.
As far I was trying for example changing all places with hasher->check
part like here:
ANSWER
Answered 2021-Dec-29 at 02:54Here is a possible solution.
To use a master password, you can use the loginUsingId function
Search the user by username, then check if the password matches the master password, and if so, log in with the user ID that it found
QUESTION
I started with this type for leaf-valued trees with labeled nodes:
...ANSWER
Answered 2021-Dec-18 at 17:02One answer to the linked question mentions adding an extra type parameter, so that instead of Tree (Labeled a)
we use Tree Labeled a
:
QUESTION
ANSWER
Answered 2021-Nov-28 at 15:33You cannot access any value before they get initialized, use onAppear()
:
QUESTION
Please consider a simple Django app containing a central model called Project
. Other resources of this app are always tied to a specific Project
.
Exemplary code:
...ANSWER
Answered 2021-Oct-17 at 16:37My answer is on the basis of a user should be able to have a view_page permission for one project instance, and don't have it for another instance.
So basically you will have to catch first user visit == first model instance
, you can create FirstVisit model
which will catch and save each first instance using url
, user.id
and page.id
, then you check if it exists.
QUESTION
I'm using io.github.resilience4j. Everything is working fine with 1.6.1 version but when upgraded to 1.7.1 version my application is not running. Please find my code changes below.
My pom.xml dependencies
...ANSWER
Answered 2021-Oct-09 at 10:24Try version 1.7.0
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