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Will, you need to provide some sample data what constitutes verified and how the retweet_count count is formatted so that can be verified. That said, awk is the tool for the job and you can do what you need with two-rules (or two conditions). You do not want to create a pipeline spawning unnecessary processes to reprocess data that you can handle in awk alone.

The first rule (or condition) simply outputs the header row to the new file covid19Final.csv (e.g. FNR==1).

The second rule (or set of conditions) checks if lang ($NF) is "en" and verified ($(NF-1)) is "true" (adjust for whatever verified actually contains), whether retweet_count ($13) is greater than or equal to 20 and finally if the records contains "Corona" or "Covid", output the record to the new file.

There are two ways to approach this. The first simply matches the record and then uses the shell to redirect to the new file (preferred):

Quoting documentation for CREATE DATABASE:

Syntax CREATE DB [name] ([input])

The input can be a file or directory path to XML documents, a remote URL, or a string containing XML

As you can see, the command expects an XML file, not a JSON file.