Popular New Releases in Financial Services
freqtrade
2022.3
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100.0.4896.75-1
truffle
v5.5.11 – Dubbel Zout Licorice 🧂
apexcharts.js
💎 Version 3.35.0
Mobile-Security-Framework-MobSF
v3.5.0 Beta
Popular Libraries in Financial Services
by ccxt javascript
24082 MIT
A JavaScript / Python / PHP cryptocurrency trading API with support for more than 100 bitcoin/altcoin exchanges
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Format input text content when you are typing...
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17102 GPL-3.0
Free, open source crypto trading bot
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16943 NOASSERTION
Mastering Bitcoin 2nd Edition - Programming the Open Blockchain
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by CanHub kotlin
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481 NOASSERTION
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158 MIT
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133 MIT
Generation of mnemonics, seeds, private/public keys and addresses for different types of cryptocurrencies
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Demo app for Global Marketplace using Stripe Connect
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Code examples for supplying Ethereum assets to the Compound Protocol.
Top Authors in Financial Services
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190
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Trending Kits in Financial Services
This is related to water treatment and purification.
DataViz Group
This helps with DaaViz
Cyber Data Analytics Group
This is for Cyber Data Analytics Group
zeronet group
this is zeronet group
Automation Group
this is part of Automation Group
Build an end-to-end automated trading application to visualize financial data of stock holdings. Buy/sell stocks automatically using Python trading bot libs.
The key functions of a stock trading bot built using the Python algorithmic trading libraries are getting the data, training the model, entering and exiting trades, placing orders, and getting notified. Through backtesting on historical data and by minimizing human intervention, a Python trading bot can increase the speed of order entry and establish discipline in the volatile stock market to help traders earn profits. Since computer systems react quickly to fluctuating markets, an automated Python-based trading system can produce bids as soon as the defined trading conditions are met.
Browse below to check out the latest and trending Python libraries to build your automated trading bot:
zipline
- Backtesting and algorithm development framework for trading strategies.
- Easily integrates with live trading platforms.
- Provides a range of built-in statistical and risk analysis tools.
ta-lib
- Offers over 150 technical analysis indicators.
- Widely used in financial markets for quantitative analysis.
- Supports multiple programming languages, including Python.
freqtrade
- High-frequency trading bot with a focus on cryptocurrencies.
- Supports machine learning and AI-based strategy development.
- Offers an active community and a range of pre-built strategies.
binance-trade-bot
- Designed specifically for trading on the Binance exchange.
- Supports various trading pairs and strategies.
- Offers real-time market data and order execution.
jesse
- Python-based framework for cryptocurrency trading strategies.
- Provides a simple and clean syntax for strategy development.
- Supports multiple exchanges and backtesting.
Crypto-Signal
- Cryptocurrency trading signals and alert system.
- Offers technical analysis indicators and custom signal creation.
- Integration with popular cryptocurrency exchanges.
Binance-volatility-trading-bot
- Designed for volatility-based trading strategies on Binance.
- Focuses on profiting from price fluctuations.
- Offers various trading parameters for customization.
binance-trader
- A simple and lightweight Binance trading bot.
- Supports spot and futures trading on the Binance platform.
- Suitable for both beginners and experienced traders.
OctoBot
- Modular and extensible cryptocurrency trading bot.
- Provides a web-based dashboard for monitoring and configuration.
- Supports various technical analysis indicators.
cointrol
- Open-source cryptocurrency trading bot with a focus on Bitcoin.
- Supports multiple exchanges and customizable strategies.
- Offers risk management and trading performance analysis.
Cryptocurrency-Trading-Bots-Python-Beginner-Advance
- A collection of Python trading bot examples for all skill levels.
- Educational resource with various trading strategies.
- Suitable for beginners and experienced traders.
algobot
- Algorithmic trading bot framework with a range of features.
- Supports backtesting, live trading, and data analysis.
- Integrates with various data sources and brokers.
binance-tutorials
- Educational resources and tutorials for Binance trading.
- Covers various aspects of trading on the Binance platform.
- Suitable for traders looking to learn and improve their skills.
pybacktest
- A Python library for backtesting trading strategies.
- Supports historical price data analysis and strategy optimization.
- Provides visualizations for performance analysis.
crypto-trader
- A simple cryptocurrency trading bot for Bitcoin.
- Designed for automated trading on various exchanges.
- Offers basic trading strategies.
stock-trading-ml
- Machine learning-based stock trading bot.
- Uses historical stock data for predictive trading.
- Suitable for those interested in AI-driven trading.
tradingview-webhooks-bot
- A bot that uses TradingView webhooks for automated trading.
- Integrates with TradingView alerts to trigger trades.
- Suitable for traders using TradingView for technical analysis.
crypto-arbitrage
- Focuses on cryptocurrency arbitrage trading strategies.
- Aims to profit from price differences on different exchanges.
- Supports multiple cryptocurrency pairs.
TensorFlow-Bitcoin-Robot
- Utilizes TensorFlow for machine learning-based Bitcoin trading.
- Provides tools for developing and training trading models.
- Suitable for those with machine learning expertise.
pyjuque
- Cryptocurrency trading bot framework with a focus on flexibility.
- Supports custom strategies and risk management.
- Designed for traders with coding experience.
Titan
- Algorithmic trading bot for various asset classes, including cryptocurrencies.
- Offers machine learning capabilities and strategy customization.
- Designed for both beginners and experienced traders.
PyTrendFollow
- A trend-following trading bot framework.
- Focuses on capturing trends in various financial markets.
- Supports strategy development and live trading.
Bitcoin-Surge-Trading-Alpha
- A cryptocurrency trading bot with a focus on capturing surges in Bitcoin prices.
- Designed for short-term trading strategies.
- Offers features for risk management and portfolio tracking.
pytrader
- A simple and lightweight cryptocurrency trading bot.
- Supports multiple exchanges and basic trading strategies.
- Suitable for beginners and traders looking for a minimalistic approach.
FAQ
1. How to choose a Python trading bot library for backtesting and live trading?
When choosing a Python trading bot library, consider:-
1. versatility in strategy development,
2. access to historical and real-time data, and
3. support for various order types.
Seek libraries with intuitive APIs, risk controls, and exchange compatibility. Also, a vibrant community and regular updates are essential for long-term reliability.
2. Can Python trading bot libraries handle multiple trading pairs?
Python trading bot libraries are typically flexible and can handle multiple trading pairs. These libraries adapt to diverse markets, including cryptocurrencies, traditional stocks, and more.
3. How do Python trading bot libraries handle risk management to protect investments?
Risk management is paramount in Python trading bot libraries. Traders can apply stop-loss, position sizing, and risk controls to protect investments. Users can set preset loss limits, reducing the impact of market downturns.
4. What tools do Python trading bot libraries provide for performance analysis?
Python trading bot libraries provide tools for strategy optimization and performance analysis. Traders can backtest their strategies using historical data to fine-tune their algorithms. Performance metrics and visualization tools help assess strategy effectiveness and make informed adjustments.
5. Can Python trading bot libraries run on cloud servers or require infrastructure?
Python trading bot libraries can be deployed on cloud servers, eliminating hardware needs. This cloud-based approach offers scalability, cost-efficiency, and accessibility for users. Thus making it an attractive option for both beginners and experienced traders.
Develop a Python trading app with Data Collection, Technical Analysis, Plotting, Machine Learning, NLP, and more using algorithmic trading libraries.
The crucial aspect is to train your applications to evaluate trading ideas and map out historical data by sourcing data and information from diverse sources. These can include spreadsheets, CSVs, and online platforms like Yahoo Finance, Google Finance, etc. Moreover, you can easily forecast live trading prices with the help of artificial neural networks and trading algorithms built using Python trading packages and algorithmic libraries. With the Python trading code, you can enable functions like aggregations, sorting, and visualization of complex data with just one or two commands.
Check out some of the top and most widely used open-source algorithmic trading libraries that provide code packages in Python to developers:
pyalgotrade
- It offers a simple and easy-to-use framework for developing trading strategies.
- It makes it accessible for both beginners and experienced developers.
- It has an active community, and its documentation is comprehensive.
zipline
- It is crucial for developing and testing trading strategies.
- It provides a realistic simulation environment for backtesting strategies using historical market data.
- It offers event-driven backtesting, transaction cost modeling, and performance analytics.
ta-lib
- It is a Python library used in Websites, Business, and Bitcoin applications.
- Integrating ta-lib into trading algorithms allows for the creation of more sophisticated strategies.
- It will help identify potential entry and exit points in the market.
freqtrade
- It is an open-source cryptocurrency trading bot written in Python.
- Its importance in Python algorithmic trading libraries lies in its features and flexibility.
- It supports many cryptocurrency exchanges, enabling users to trade on different platforms.
qlib
- It is a Python library designed for quantitative finance and algorithmic trading.
- It offers efficient data management tools, including data downloading, preprocessing, and feature engineering.
- It simplifies the process of developing and testing trading strategies.
abu
- It is a Python library used in Blockchain and cryptocurrency applications.
- It has no bugs or vulnerabilities, a Strong Copyleft License, and medium support.
- You can install it using 'pip install abu' or download it from GitHub or PyPI.
backtrader
- It is a popular Python library for developing and testing algorithmic trading strategies.
- It is flexible, allowing users to install and test various trading strategies.
- It is a valuable tool for both developing and deploying trading strategies.
trump2cash
- It is a Python library used in Analytics and predictive Analytics applications.
- It has no bugs or vulnerabilities and has built files available.
- It is a stock trading bot powered by Trump tweets.
binance-trade-bot
- It plays a crucial role in automating trading strategies. It is done on the Binance cryptocurrency exchange.
- It often includes features for backtesting trading strategies.
- These are often customizable. This allows traders to tailor strategies to their specific preferences and risk tolerance.
rqalpha
- It offers a framework for developing and testing trading strategies.
- It is open source, allowing developers to inspect and change the source code.
- It makes it accessible for both beginners and experienced users.
tensortrade
- It helps in building and researching algorithmic trading strategies. We can do this by using deep reinforcement learning.
- It benefits from contributions and feedback from a community of developers and researchers.
- It helps in adapting to different trading scenarios and experimenting with various models.
python-binance
- It is a Python wrapper for the Binance API.
- It makes it easier to interact with the Binance cryptocurrency exchange.
- It supports WebSocket streams, providing real-time updates on market events.
Crypto-Signal
- It plays a crucial role in Python algorithmic trading libraries.
- It provides key insights and triggers for automated trading decisions.
- It can include risk management parameters. We can help algorithms adjust position sizes or exit trades to manage risk.
finmarketpy
- It is a Python library designed for financial market analysis and algorithmic trading.
- It includes a wide range of technical analysis tools and indicators.
- It supports event-driven backtesting.
mlfinLab
- It focuses on machine learning applications in finance and algorithmic trading.
- It provides tools for effective feature engineering, a crucial aspect of financial ML.
- It includes functionalities for fractional differentiation.
tqsdk-python
- It is a Python SDK (Software Development Kit) designed for quantitative trading.
- It aims to provide an interface for algorithmic trading. We can do it by making it accessible for beginners and experienced developers.
- A vibrant community and active support can enhance the development experience.
catalyst
- It plays a crucial role as it acts as a framework. That facilitates the development, testing, and execution of trading strategies.
- It offers a structured environment for designing and implementing trading strategies.
- Effective risk management is a crucial aspect of algorithmic trading.
clairvoyant
- It is a Python library used in websites and business applications.
- Backtest your model for accuracy and simulate investment portfolio performance.
- It is Software designed to identify and check trading strategies.
quant-trading
- Quantitative trading, or quant-trading, is essential in algorithmic trading.
- Python's extensive libraries, such as Pandas and NumPy. It is easing efficient data analysis and manipulation.
- It helps in backtesting trading strategies.
eiten
- It is a Python library used in websites and portfolio applications.
- Backtesting module that both backtests and forward tests all portfolios.
- It is used as a statistical and algorithmic investing strategy.
zvt
- Zero-cost virtual trading (ZVT) in Python algorithmic trading libraries.
- Need for testing and refining trading strategies without risking real capital.
- It allows developers to simulate trades in a realistic market environment.
backtesting.py
- It is used in algorithmic trading to evaluate the performance of trading strategies.
- It helps assess the effectiveness of a trading strategy. We can do so by applying it to historical market data.
- Calculates and presents various performance metrics to quantify the strategy's performance.
binance-trader
- It provides a Python API for interacting with Binance.
- It allows traders to access market data, execute trades, and manage their accounts.
- It helps in tracking and managing portfolios.
pytrader
- It is a library related to trading or finance.
- Its importance would likely be tied to its features and functionalities.
- It helps in cryptocurrency trading robots.
High-frequency-Trading-Model-with-IB
- It helps traders to execute orders at high speeds.
- It takes advantage of small price discrepancies in the market.
- It will provide access to real-time market data and quick order execution.
qstrader
- It offers a framework for developing and testing quantitative trading strategies.
- It allows users to define and install custom trading strategies.
- It offers flexibility for a wide range of trading styles and preferences.
pyrh
- It could enable users to automate trading strategies. We can do so by interacting with the Robinhood platform.
- The framework could ease the retrieval and analysis of financial data from Robinhood. We can do it with informed decision-making.
- It may allow integration with other Python libraries and tools.
coinbasepro-python
- It is often called coinbasepro-python, a Python client for the Coinbase Pro API.
- It supports the placement and management of orders on the Coinbase Pro platform.
- Developers can customize and adapt the library to suit their specific trading strategies.
bulbea
- It is a Python library in Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and DL apps.
- It has a Non-SPDX License. You can download it from GitHub.
- It is a Deep Learning-based Python Library for Stock Market Prediction and Modelling.
thetagang
- It is a Python library used in Automation and bot applications.
- It is an IBKR trading bot. It helps collect premiums by selling options using the "The Wheel" strategy.
- It implements a modified version of The Wheel with my tweaks.
ib_insync
- It is a Python library designed for algorithmic trading with IB TWS and IB Gateway.
- It allows for asynchronous programming, enabling you to handle many tasks.
- It uses an event-driven programming model.
RLTrader
- It plays a crucial role in Python algorithmic trading libraries.
- It leverages reinforcement learning techniques to make trading decisions.
- It can optimize decision-making processes and manage risk.
cointrol
- It is crucial in algorithmic trading to manage risk.
- It ensures orderly execution and adapts to market conditions.
- Real-time monitoring allows algorithms to react to changing market conditions.
deep_trader
- It is a Python library used in Institutions, Learning, Education, AI, ML, Nodejs, and Unity apps.
- It uses reinforcement learning on the stock market, and the agent tries to learn trading.
- It has no bugs, it has no vulnerabilities, it has built files available, and it has medium support.
qtpylib
- It is a Python library that provides tools for algorithmic trading.
- It is built on the popular open-source algorithmic trading library Quantlib.
- It helps be flexible and allows traders to customize and adapt the library.
surpriver
- It helps in Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and Deep Learning applications.
- It helps find big moving stocks before they move using a machine.
- It generates price and volume return features and plenty of technical indicators.
AIAlpha
- It enables the development of more sophisticated trading strategies.
- It leverages advanced machine-learning techniques to analyze vast amounts of financial data.
- It allows algorithms to adapt to changing market conditions.
IbPy
- IbPy, or Interactive Brokers Python API, is important in algorithmic trading libraries.
- It provides a Python interface to interact with the Interactive Brokers trading platform.
- It allows developers to install automated trading strategies using Python.
personae
- Personae in Python algorithm trading libraries refer to predefined sets of characteristics.
- It is assigned to different types of market participants or trading strategies.
- It can model diverse market scenarios and participant behaviors.
hummingbot
- It plays a significant role in Python algorithmic trading libraries.
- It supports various cryptocurrency exchanges. It enables traders to connect to many markets.
- It provides liquidity in the cryptocurrency markets.
FAQ
1. What is algorithmic trading?
Algorithmic trading involves using computer algorithms. It automates the process of buying or selling financial instruments in the market. It aims to execute trading strategies with speed and efficiency.
2. Why use Python for algorithmic trading?
It is a popular programming language. It helps in algorithmic trading. It is because of its simplicity, extensive libraries, and large community. It provides tools like NumPy, pandas, and scikit-learn. Those tools help in data analysis and machine learning.
3. Which Python libraries do we use for algorithmic trading?
Commonly used libraries include:
- Backtrader: A versatile backtesting and live trading framework.
- Zipline: A powerful library for backtesting trading strategies.
- ccxt: A cryptocurrency trading library supporting many exchanges.
- pandas: Useful for data manipulation and analysis.
- NumPy: Essential for numerical operations.
4. What is backtesting?
It is the process of testing a trading strategy. We can do so using historical data to assess its performance. It helps traders test how a strategy would have performed in the past.
5. How do I install these libraries?
You can install these libraries using the pip package manager.
For example, pip install backtrader.
Judge Yvonne Gonzalez Rogers ordered that iOS apps must be allowed to support non Apple payment options in the Epic v. Apple case. In this case, Apple also scored a partial victory as the judge stopped short of calling it a monopoly. The judge also ordered Epic Games to pay Apple 30% of its revenue through the direct payment system. Epic is fighting a similar lawsuit against Google. Countries like South Korea have passed laws requiring Apple and Google to offer alternative payment systems to their users in the country. While the jury is still out on the Epic v. Apple case, it brings out two aspects. Is what is often referred to by developers as the "Apple Tax" of 30% indeed justified? For this reason, Epic launched the Epic Games Store to demonstrate that they could operate at a lower revenue cut of 12%. The second aspect is platform and payments interoperability. When platform interoperability becomes mandated or a global best practice, developers should be ready to bring in payment gateways of their choice. The kandi kit for App Store Payment Alternatives showcases the popular open source payment gateways such as Omnipay, Active Merchant, and CI Merchant and libraries available to connect with leading payment platforms such as Stripe, Braintree, and Razorpay.
Omnipay
Core libraries and samples from Omnipay, a framework agnostic, multi-gateway payment processing library for PHP.
Active Merchant
Libraries on Active Merchant, a simple payment abstraction library extracted from Shopify.
CI Merchant
Though no longer actively supported use the library to build and support your own gateway. If you are not looking to build but to use, then leverage other frameworks.
Braintree
Libraries for Braintree integration.
Razorpay
Libraries for Razorpay integration.
Stripe
Libraries for Stripe integration.
Python is an easy-to-learn coding language that offers simplicity to Bitcoin programming thanks to its free packages, a wide code library, and software tools.
Experts say that using Python blockchains can be coded in under 50 lines of code, and even complex algorithms can be coded with lesser code. Python is used extensively by developers, due to which you'll find plenty of support in the community. It is considered to be an excellent choice for Bitcoin mining. Developers can create powerful APIs by relying on built-in modules and standard libraries. Moreover, Python-based bitcoin can seamlessly integrate Machine Learning, Data Analysis, and arithmetic tools, to make it a more wholesome technology.
Our list will give you Python Bitcoin components that will help you build Bitcoin wallets, mining & trading software, and more for your Bitcoin apps. Torba, a new wallet library, helps scale up your Bitcoin project by enabling developers to build wallets efficiently at a fast speed. Cointrol is an advanced crypto trading bot that facilitates auto Bitcoin speculation based on price change triggers and different trading strategies. It also offers live updating of your Bitstamp dashboard, where you can view all your orders and transactions in real-time. P2Pool is a decentralized Bitcoin mining pool that functions by forming a peer-to-peer chain of miner nodes. Contrary to usual mining pools, P2Pool secures your Bitcoin against 51% of disruptive attacks, minimizing double-spending instances.
freqtrade
- Freqtrade is an open-source cryptocurrency trading bot that allows users to automate.
- Traders can backtest their strategies using historical market data to evaluate.
- The platform includes features for risk management, including stop-loss and take-profit orders.
electrum
- Electrum is a popular and widely used open-source Bitcoin wallet.
- It's known for its simplicity, speed, and security features.
- Electrum is user-friendly and straightforward.
jesse
- jesse is a Python library typically used in Blockchain, Cryptocurrency, and Bitcoin applications.
- jesse has no bugs or vulnerabilities.
- you can install using 'npm i jesse' or download it from GitHub, npm.
alpha_vantage
- Alpha Vantage is a financial data provider that offers a suite of APIs for accessing it.
- These APIs cover a wide range of financial instruments, including stocks, cryptocurrencies, etc.
- It includes stocks, exchange-traded funds (ETFs), cryptocurrencies, and forex pairs.
Crypto-Signal
- Crypto-Signal is a Python library used in Financial Services, Fintech, Blockchain, and Cryptocurrency.
- Crypto-Signal has no bugs, it has no vulnerabilities.
- Crypto-Signal has a medium active ecosystem.
torba
- torba is a Python library typically used in Blockchain, Cryptocurrency, Bitcoin applications.
- torba has no bugs or vulnerabilities.
- you can install using 'pip install torba' or download it from GitHub, PyPI.
bitcoin-arbitrage
- Bitcoin arbitrage refers to the practice of exploiting price imbalances for Bitcoin.
- The goal of arbitrage is to take advantage of price differences to make a profit with minimal risk.
- On one exchange they buy Bitcoin at a lower price. Then they sell it at a higher price on another exchange.
binance-trader
- binance-trader is a Python library typically used in Blockchain, Cryptocurrency, Bitcoin applications.
- binance-trader has no bugs, it has no vulnerabilities.
- binance-trader has no vulnerabilities reported, and its dependent libraries have no vulnerabilities reported.
raspiblitz
- RaspiBlitz is an open-source project that allows individuals to turn a Raspberry Pi.
- RaspiBlitz allows users to run a full Bitcoin node. This means they maintain a blockchain.
- This helps contribute to the decentralization and resilience of the Bitcoin network.
coinbasepro-python
- coinbasepro-python is a Python library typically used in Financial Services, Fintech, Blockchain, Cryptocurrency.
- coinbasepro-python has no bugs, it has no vulnerabilities.
- You can install using 'pip install coinbasepro-python' or download it from GitHub, PyPI.
rotki
- Rotki is a portfolio tracking, accounting, and tax reporting tool designed for cryptocurrency.
- It is an open-source platform that aims to help individuals manage their cryptocurrency.
- Rotki supports multiple platforms and exchanges.
OctoBot
- OctoBot is an open-source cryptocurrency trading bot platform.
- It provides a framework to develop and execute trading strategies in the cryptocurrency.
- This flexibility helps users to tailor the bot to their specific trading preferences.
tinychain
- TinyChain might be the name of a specific blockchain project, platform, or technology.
- tinychain is a Python library typically used in Blockchain, Bitcoin applications.
- tinychain has no bugs or vulnerabilities.
python-bitcoinlib
- python-bitcoinlib is a Python library that provides a set of tools with Bitcoin.
- It allows developers to interact, create, and manage with the Bitcoin network.
- The library provides functionality to interact with the Bitcoin blockchain.
cointrol
- cointrol is a Python library typically used in Blockchain, Cryptocurrency, Bitcoin applications.
- Cointrol allows users to automate their Bitcoin trading strategies and monitor their cryptocurrency.
- It is a solution for individuals interested in algorithmic trading.
lightning-rfc
- lightning-rfc is a Python library typically used in Blockchain, Bitcoin applications.
- lightning-rfc has no bugs or vulnerabilities.
- The specifications are currently a work-in-progress.
freqtrade-strategies
- Freqtrade allows users to define and execute trading strategies based on technical indicators.
- Freqtrade provides a framework for developing custom trading strategies.
- Freqtrade comes with built-in strategies that users can use as a starting point.
cryptofeed
- cryptofeed is a Python library that provides a framework for handling real-time cryptocurrency.
- It simplifies the process of consuming and processing data.
- cryptofeed supports connectivity to multiple cryptocurrency exchanges.
pycoin
- pycoin is a Python library typically used in Financial Services, Fintech, Blockchain, Cryptocurrency.
- cryptofeed supports connectivity to multiple cryptocurrency exchanges.
- The library focuses on providing real-time market data, including price updates.
MikaLendingBot
- MikaLendingBot is a Python library typically used in Financial Services, Banks, Payments, Blockchain.
- MikaLendingBot has no bugs, it has no vulnerabilities.
- it has a build file available and has a Permissive License.
p2pool
- p2pool is a Python library typically used in Blockchain, Cryptocurrency, Bitcoin applications.
- Peer-to-Peer Pool is a decentralized mining pool protocol for various cryptocurrencies, including Bitcoin.
- P2Pool operates as a decentralized network of nodes, each running its own instance.
bit
- bit is a Python library typically used in Blockchain, Cryptocurrency, Bitcoin applications.
- bit has no bugs and has no vulnerabilities.
- You can install using 'pip install bit' or download it from GitHub, PyPI.
bitcoin-abe
- bitcoin-abe is a Python library typically used in Blockchain, Bitcoin applications.
- bitcoin-abe has no bugs and has a build file available.
- A block explorer tool helps users to explore and search the blockchain.
BitcoinExchangeFH
- BitcoinExchangeFH is a Python library typically used in Security, Cryptography, Bitcoin applications.
- BitcoinExchangeFH has no bugs, it has no vulnerabilities.
- BitcoinExchangeFH is a slim application to record the price depth and trades.
btcrecover
- btcrecover is an open-source Bitcoin wallet password recovery tool.
- It helps users recover or discover forgotten passwords for their Bitcoin.
- The primary purpose of btcrecover is to assist users in recovering passwords.
Cryptocurrency-Trading-Bots-Python-Beginner-Advance
- Cryptocurrency-Trading-Bots-Python-Beginner-Advance is a Python library typically used in Blockchain, Cryptocurrency.
- Cryptocurrency-Trading-Bots-Python-Beginner-Advance has no bugs.
- Cryptocurrency-Trading-Bots-Python-Beginner-Advance build file is not available.
api-v1-client-python
- api-v1-client-python is a Python library typically used in Web Services, REST, Bitcoin applications.
- api-v1-client-python has no bugs, it has no vulnerabilities.
- You can install using 'pip install api-v1-client-python' or download it from GitHub, PyPI.
bitpredict
- bitpredict is a Python library typically used in Blockchain, Cryptocurrency, Bitcoin applications.
- The dataset is a series of one second snapshots of open buy and sell orders on the Bitfinex exchange.
- it has a Permissive License, and it has low support.
pyminer
- pyminer is a Python library typically used in Security, Cryptography, Bitcoin applications.
- Cryptocurrency mining uses computational power to solve complex mathematical problems.
- Miners get newly minted cryptocurrency coins for their efforts.
electrumx
- ElectrumX is a server implementation of the Electrum protocol.
- ElectrumX implements the Electrum protocol, which are lightweight.
- ElectrumX is a server software that serves as the backend for Electrum wallets.
cryptocurrency_arbitrage
- cryptocurrency_arbitrage is a Python library typically used in Security, Cryptography, and Bitcoin applications.
- Traders engage in arbitrage to profit from inefficiencies in the pricing of assets.
- Traders look for discrepancies in the prices of a particular cryptocurrency on exchanges.
poclbm
- Poclbm stands for Proof of Concept (POC) Bitcoin Miner.
- It was one of the early Bitcoin mining software programs that utilized OpenCL for mining on GPUs.
- Poclbm was initially developed as a proof of concept to demonstrate its feasibility.
deep-trading-agent
- deep-trading-agent is a Python library typically used in Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, Bitcoin.
- Deep Reinforcement Learning-based Trading Agent for Bitcoin using DeepSense Network.
- deep-trading-agent has no bugs, it has no vulnerabilities.
FAQ
1. What is python-bitcoin?
python-bitcoin is not a specific library or tool. There are several, such as bitcoinlib, python-bitcoin-lib, and others. These libraries provide functionality to work with Bitcoin-related tasks like key management, etc.
2. How do I generate a Bitcoin address in Python?
To generate a Bitcoin address in Python, you can use a library like python-bitcoinlib.
Example:
from bitcoinlib.wallets import Wallet
wallet = Wallet.create('MyWallet')
new_address = wallet.get_key().address
print(f'New Bitcoin address: {new_address}')
3. What Python libraries are commonly used for Bitcoin development?
The Popular Python libraries for Bitcoin development include bitcoinlib, python-bitcoinlib, and pycoin. These libraries provide various functionalities for working with Bitcoin transactions, keys, and addresses.
4. How do I interact with a Bitcoin node using Python?
It can use the Bitcoinrpc library to interact with a Bitcoin node. Ensure that your Bitcoin node has RPC enabled.
Example:
from bitcoinrpc.auth proxy import AuthServiceProxy, JSONRPCException
rpc_user = 'your_rpc_user'
rpc_password = 'your_rpc_password'
rpc_connection = AuthServiceProxy(f'http://{rpc_user}: {rpc_password}@localhost:8332')
5. How do I use Python for Bitcoin price analysis?
It can use Python libraries like pandas and matplotlib for data analysis. Additionally, It might use APIs from cryptocurrency data providers to fetch real-time data.
Technology has always been evolving at a breakneck speed, but the pace of change today is surely unprecedented. Applications of blockchain, for instance, go beyond cryptocurrencies into industries like finance, healthcare, supply chain and logistics, asset management, etc. It is one of the most disruptive technologies of the 21st century, and now you can program blockchain web apps using JavaScript. With that in mind, here are some of the JavaScript libraries to help you in the process. ccxt - A cryptocurrency trading API; ZeroNet - Decentralized websites using Bitcoin crypto and the BitTorrent network; truffle - A tool for developing smart contracts. The following is a list of the most popular open-source libraries for building and scaling JavaScript Blockchain Applications.
A Python cryptocurrency library is essential for developers working with cryptocurrencies. It provides a set of tools and functions to interact with blockchain networks.
It manages digital wallets, performs cryptographic operations, and handles transactions. These libraries simplify complex tasks, enabling blockchain integration into applications. It also eases the development of cryptocurrency-related projects.
There are numerous popular cryptocurrency libraries in Python. Electrum is a Bitcoin wallet. It ensures the encryption of your private keys and never leaves your system. It guarantees zero downtime and is fast with cold storage options. Freqtrade is a cryptocurrency algorithmic trading software. It allows you to program your strategy using pandas. With this, you can download market data and test your strategy using simulated money. We also have LBRY, which claims to publish what Bitcoin did to money. With millions of people using the platform, it provides a free and open network for digital content. Vyper is a contract-oriented language that targets the Ethereum Virtual Machine. It aims to build secure smart contracts with simpler language implementation and auditability.
freqtrade:
- It is a popular open-source cryptocurrency trading bot written in Python.
- It offers a backtesting feature. This allows traders to test their strategies using historical data.
- It benefits from the developer and contributor community.
lbry-sdk:
- It is a software development kit (SDK) for the LBRY protocol.
- LBRY is a decentralized content-sharing and publishing platform that utilizes blockchain technology.
- It helps developers to build applications and services on LBRY protocol.
electrum:
- It is often used as a lightweight and efficient wallet implementation.
- It provides a simplified interface for interacting with the Bitcoin blockchain.
- It is modular, allowing developers to customize and extend its functionality.
bips:
- "BIPs" likely refers to Bitcoin Improvement Proposals.
- It helps with Blockchain, Cryptocurrency, and Bitcoin applications.
- It plays a role as a standardization and communication mechanism.
binance-trade-bot:
- It helps to automate your trading strategies, executing trades based on predefined criteria.
- It can offer several advantages in the cryptocurrency space.
- It can operate around the clock. This responds to market changes even when you're not monitoring the markets.
vyper:
- It helps with Blockchain, Cryptocurrency, Ethereum applications.
- It is a Pythonic Smart Contract Language for the EVM.
- It reduces the risk of vulnerabilities in smart contracts.
python-binance:
- It is a Python wrapper for the Binance API,
- It provides convenient access to Binance's cryptocurrency trading and data services.
- It simplifies the integration of Binance's services into Python applications.
alpha_vantage:
- Alpha Vantage is a financial data provider.
- It offers APIs for accessing various financial and cryptocurrency market data.
- It supports data from various cryptocurrency exchanges. This allows users to access information from different markets.
Crypto-Signal:
- It gives insights into market trends and potential trading opportunities.
- It can include risk management parameters, such as stop-loss and take-profit levels.
- It enables the automation of trading strategies.
web3.py:
- It provides functionality to interact with Ethereum, a blockchain-based cryptocurrency platform.
- Developers can interact with Ethereum smart contracts using Python.
- It is a set of specifications for interacting with Ethereum-like blockchains.
golem:
- It is a Python library used in Blockchain, & Ethereum applications.
- It is a decentralized marketplace for computing power.
- It enables CPUs and GPUs to connect in a peer-to-peer network.
manticore:
- manticore is a Python cryptocurrency library.
- It helps with Code Quality, Code Analyzer, and Ethereum applications.
- It is a symbolic execution tool for analysing smart contracts and binaries.
mythril:
- It helps in Financial Services, Fintech, Blockchain, Cryptocurrency, and Ethereum applications.
- A security analysis tool for EVM bytecode.
- It is also used in the security analysis platform.
catalyst:
- Catalysts offer a framework for developing complex trading algorithms.
- It provides a structured environment for designing, testing, and executing trading strategies.
- It provides tools for simulating and evaluating the performance of trading algorithms.
bitcoin-arbitrage:
- It allows traders to exploit price differences between different cryptocurrency exchanges.
- It allows for the development of sophisticated algorithmic trading strategies.
- It is an opportunity detector.
eth2.0-specs:
- It helps in Blockchain, Cryptocurrency, and Ethereum applications.
- These are crucial for implementing and interacting with Ethereum 2.0.
- These specifications define the rules and protocols for Ethereum's transition.
zvt:
- It is a Python library used in Blockchain and cryptocurrency applications.
- It acts as a modular quant framework.
- You can install it using 'pip install zvt' or download it from GitHub, or PyPI.
binance-trader:
- Binance-trader in Python is significant for cryptocurrency trading.
- It offers a simplified interface to interact with the Binance exchange.
- It allows developers to automate trading strategies, access market data, and execute orders.
pytrader:
- pytrader is a Python Cryptocurrency library.
- It helps with Blockchain, Cryptocurrency, Bitcoin, Nodejs applications.
- It is a cryptocurrency trading robot.
raspiblitz:
- raspiblitz is a Python Cryptocurrency library.
- It helps in Security, Cryptography, Bitcoin applications.
- It is a lightning node running on a RaspberryPi with a nice LCD.
raiden:
- raiden is a Python Cryptocurrency library.
- It helps with Blockchain, and Ethereum applications.
- It helps address scalability issues in blockchain networks, particularly for Ethereum.
SimpleCoin:
- SimpleCoin is a Python Cryptocurrency library.
- It helps in Financial Services, Fintech, Blockchain, and Bitcoin applications.
- It is simple, insecure, and incomplete implementation.
coinbasepro-python:
- It is particularly used for interacting with the Coinbase Pro API.
- It provides a way for developers to integrate their apps with this trading platform.
- It facilitates tasks such as accessing market data and placing and managing orders.
py-evm:
- Py-EVM, short for Python Ethereum Virtual Machine, is a Python library.
- It provides an implementation of the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM).
- It allows developers to work with Ethereum-based applications and smart contracts using Python.
tinychain:
- tinychain is a Python Cryptocurrency library.
- It helps with Blockchain, and Bitcoin applications.
- It is a pocket-sized implementation of Bitcoin.
RLTrader:
- It is a Reinforcement Learning Trader, in a Python Cryptocurrency library.
- It automates trading decisions, reducing the need for constant manual monitoring.
- It allows us to learn from historical market data and adjust its trading decisions.
python-bitcoinlib:
- It is a Python library that provides tools for working with Bitcoin.
- It facilitates the creation, signing, and broadcasting of Bitcoin transactions.
- It maintains and updates, ensuring compatibility with the latest Bitcoin protocol changes.
cointrol:
- It is a Python library used in Blockchain, Cryptocurrency, and Bitcoin applications.
- It is a Bitcoin trading bot and real-time dashboard for Bitstamp.
- It creates to automate Bitcoin speculation.
pycoin:
- It is a Python library designed to work with Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies.
- It facilitates key generation, conversion, and management.
- It assists in creating and validating complex scripts used in Bitcoin transactions.
smart-contracts:
- smart contracts is a Python Cryptocurrency library.
- It plays a crucial role by enabling self-executing contracts with predefined rules.
- It acts as an Ethereum smart contract for security and utility tokens.
MikaLendingBot:
- It is a Python Cryptocurrency library.
- It helps with Blockchain, Cryptocurrency, Ethereum, Bitcoin applications.
- It acts as an automated lending on Cryptocurrency exchanges.
hummingbot:
- It is a Python cryptocurrency library.
- It is an open-source software that facilitates algorithmic trading in the cryptocurrency market.
- It is particularly useful for market makers who seek to provide liquidity to the market.
FAQ
1. What is the purpose of the Python Cryptocurrency library?
It eases the integration of cryptocurrency-related functionalities into Python applications. It offers a set of tools and methods for tasks. Those tasks are blockchain interaction, wallet management, and transaction processing.
2. Which cryptocurrencies get support from the library?
The supported cryptocurrencies may vary depending on the library. Supported ones include Bitcoin, Ethereum, and others. It's essential to check the library documentation for the specific cryptocurrencies it supports.
3. How do I install the Python Cryptocurrency library?
Installation methods can vary. You can use pip, which is the Python package manager. It helps with a command like pip install cryptocurrency-library. Refer to the library documentation for any more installation instructions.
4. Does the library provide functions for interacting with blockchain data?
Yes, the library often includes functions for fetching blockchain information. Also, it includes querying transaction details and obtaining data from the blockchain. Consult the library documentation for specific methods and examples.
5. Can I create and manage cryptocurrency wallets using this library?
Yes, many cryptocurrency libraries offer functionalities for creating and managing wallets. You can generate addresses, check balances, and perform transactions. Ensure you follow security best practices when handling wallets.
Since 2019, retail trading has surged in the USA. With a combination of digital technology, access to financial advice (not guaranteed to be sound), reducing commissions, and folks confined at home with a pandemic, retail trading has been moving the markets.
This volatile combination has birthed a class of stocks called 'Meme Stocks'. Meme stocks don't go by the textbook classifications of growth or value stock. They are discussed heavily by retail investors on Reddit, Stocktwits, Twitter, and other channels. They are primarily overpriced, volatile and the valuation does not line up with the hype. Only the early adopters profit from these stocks. Stocks of GameStop, AMC, SPACs have followed this trend. Meme stocks have significantly impacted the markets to the extent that hedge funds see short selling as risky until the retail wave subsides. With the U.S. central counterparty clearinghouses raising margin requirements, the liquidity needs have imposed trading restrictions for individual investors.
Given the frenzy driven by digital technologies, there are over twenty thousand public libraries available for trading. kandi collection on Meme Stocks and Options Trading showcases public libraries that provide access to real-time and historical stock data, analytics solutions to understand trends and volatility, backtesting solutions to simulate trades, and full-fledged trading engines.
End-to-End Trading Engines
Lean by QuantConnect, StockSharp by StockSharp, and LiuAlgoTrader by amor71 are popular end-to-end trading engines and frameworks.
Stock Data Retrieval and Storage
ck by concurrencykit, FinMind by FinMind, redtide by qks1lver, and Python-NSE-Option-Chain-Analyzer by VarunS2002 enable you to access data from global exchanges and store them in high performance efficient concurrent data structures.
Financial and Mathematical Models
MachineLearningStocks by robertmartin8, finmath-lib by finmath and GraphVega by rahuljoshi44 enable you to try different financial and mathematical models on stocks to understand their technical valuation.
Simulation and Backtesting
optopsy by michaelchu, paperbroker by philipodonnell and TuringTrader by fbertram enable you to simulate and backtest trades.
ProPublica* reported that billionaires pay little in income tax compared to their massive wealth, sometimes, even nothing. Their records show that the wealthiest can legally pay income taxes amounting to a tiny fraction of the billions their fortunes grow each year. The median American household earned about $70,000 annually and paid about 14% in federal taxes. The highest income tax rate of 37% applies for couples on earnings above $628,300. However, the 25 wealthiest Americans paid a true tax rate of only 3.4%.
You will need sound financial advisors to achieve such tax rates. But as technologists, open source can help you in two remarkable ways. You can save significantly by using open source software, and you can use the below personal finance solutions to manage your wealth.
Personal finance helps individuals and families handle their financial management. Based on the spectrum of personal financial activities, this can span across banking products (checking, savings accounts, cards, wallets, and loans) or investments (shares, bonds, mutual funds) and insurance (life, health, disability) products or retirement plans, social security, and income tax management.
There are over 1,800 public libraries available for you to adopt personal finance solutions. kandi collection on Personal Finance Solutions showcases libraries across end-to-end personal finance management platforms, frameworks for creating your own accounting solution, simple budgeting solutions, and add-ons like mobile receipt scanners that make your life easier.
End-to-End Solutions
firefly-iii by firefly-iii, moneymanagerex by moneymanagerex and rotki by rotki are most popular end-to-end personal finance management solutions covering aspects across expenses, investments, banking, and others.
Foundational Framework
If you are looking for flexibility in creating your own solution income-expense by dbrax provides a foundational framework.
Simple Budgeting Functions
my-budget by reZach and budget by range-of-motion and provide simple budget and expense management functions.
Text and Spreadsheet Solutions
knut by sboehler and mintable by kevinschaich provide even simpler text-based or spreadsheet-based management.
Individual Functions
Try SmartReceiptsLibrary by SmartReceipts to scan your receipts.
A smart contract is a computer program that directly controls the transfer of digital currencies or assets between parties under certain conditions.
Actions are triggered by an event, a message transmitted on the blockchain network, and results are guaranteed by the consensus of multiple nodes. Smart contracts can also be used to store information about an application, such as domain registration information or membership records. Smart contracts are used to execute transactions in a decentralized manner.
This means that the validation of a transaction does not depend on a single party, but rather everyone involved in the transaction will validate it. A smart contract can be written in Solidity or any other language that compiles to EVM (Ethereum Virtual Machine) bytecode. The following is a list of the most popular open-source Python Smart contract libraries:
vyper
- Vyper wants its code to be easy and safe so there are fewer chances of mistakes.
- It focuses on making the code easy to read and understand so developers know what's happening.
- Vyper tries to use less computer power when running on the Ethereum Virtual Machine.
mythril
- Mythril looks for common mistakes in the code, even the well-known ones, automatically.
- It fits into how you work, helping you keep an eye on security while you build.
- Mythril keeps an eye on security from the start to the end of making your program.
brownie
- Brownie makes it easy to build smart contracts if you know Python.
- It has tools that help you test your program to make sure it works well.
- Brownie helps you put your program on the Ethereum network without a headache.
smart-contracts
- Smart contracts automatically follow the rules written in the code.
- They make deals and transactions happen without needing anyone in the middle.
- Smart contracts work on the Ethereum system, making everything trustworthy and decentralized.
uniswap-v1
- Uniswap-v1 was the first to make trading happen automatically on decentralized platforms.
- It's a system that lets you swap different types of tokens easily.
- Uniswap-v1 has a set formula to keep trading steady and reliable.
yearn-vaults
- Yearn Vaults know how to save and make you earn more on what you put in.
- They keep searching for the best ways to make more money across different programs.
- Just put your money in, and Yearn Vaults work to make you extra money without you doing much.
MAIAN
- MAIAN is like a security expert for Ethereum smart contracts.
- It checks the code closely to find and fix common security problems.
- Gives tools to developers to find and fix security issues in their smart contracts
octopus
- Octopus is like a toolbox for building, testing, and putting your work on the blockchain.
- It's built to be flexible and easy to use for making changes without headaches.
- Octopus provides tools to ensure your work is solid and reliable in development and use.
awesome-buggy-erc20-tokens
- It's a group of tokens meant to show mistakes for learning, not for real use.
- These tokens show problems that can happen in ERC-20 tokens, helping others learn.
- The project wants to teach people about common mistakes in ERC-20 token contracts.
eosfactory
- Eosfactory is a helper for developers making programs for EOS.
- It lets you safely test your EOS programs before putting them into action.
- Supports fast testing and trying out ideas for applications on the EOS blockchain.
pyteal
- Pyteal helps you use the Python language to build smart contracts on Algorand.
- It opens up smart contract development to more people who know Python.
- Supports Algorand's special language for making smart contracts called TEAL.
scrooge -mcetherface
- This tool is a helper for making things on the blockchain using Python.
- It's advertised as having no mistakes or problems, showing it's well-made and safe.
- Scrooge -Mcetherface helps developers find and fix Ether theft and destruction issues.
vandal
- Vandal is like a detective tool for looking closely at Ethereum smart contracts.
- It uses special techniques to break down the code into something understandable.
- Vandal is open for anyone to see and use, following clear rules for sharing on GitHub.
Rouleth
- Rouleth was one of the first smart contracts on Ethereum without mistakes.
- The current Proof of Concept (PoC) shows it working well on the blockchain.
- It's a tool for blockchain, cryptocurrency, and Ethereum project developers.
python-smart-contract-workshop
- This library gives a hands-on place for learning to build smart contracts in Python.
- It includes tasks and activities to guide developers in creating their smart contracts.
- Focuses on how to build using Python, aligning with what's needed in real situations.
erays
- Erays says it has no bugs, making developers feel more confident about using it.
- It helps developers understand smart contracts better by looking beyond the usual code.
- Even if there's no downloadable file, it improves how developers understand smart contracts.
vertigo
- Vertigo is great for checking if your smart contract is strong and reliable.
- Focuses on testing tools made for Solidity, which is crucial for Ethereum development.
- Vertigo offers ways to check for issues and weaknesses in smart contract code.
contracting
- Contracting makes basic operations like creating, reading, updating, and deleting easy.
- Lamden makes it and ensures that your smart contract works well and is safe.
- Though there's less help available, installing Contracting is simple with 'pip install contracting.'
cobra
- Cobra is a Python tool used in finance, fintech, blockchain, and Ethereum projects.
- It helps build and adapt Ethereum smart contracts, supporting a fast development process.
- Users can use scripts to deploy and make changes easily, making it flexible and adaptable.
smartbugs
- Smartbugs have tools to find problems in smart contracts and fix them.
- Finds and reports issues in Ethereum smart contracts to make them more secure.
- It reviews code to ensure it follows security practices in smart contract development.
raiden-contracts
- Raiden-contracts focus on making transactions faster and cheaper, solving problems with Ethereum's size.
- Facilitates fast, cost-effective transactions outside the main Ethereum network.
- It uses state channels, a proven method, to make transactions both safe and scalable.
FAQ
1. What is Vyper?
Vyper is like a language (but for computers) used to make things on Ethereum. It's like Python and focuses on making things simple and safe.
2. How does Mythril help keep things safe in smart contracts?
Mythril is like a smart friend that checks computer programs for problems. It looks at Ethereum programs and finds mistakes that could cause trouble.
3. What tools does Brownie have for testing?
Brownie is like a helper with tools for checking if Ethereum programs work well. It helps make sure that the things you build are strong and won't break easily.
4. How does Uniswap do its job?
Uniswap is like a special place online where you can change different tokens easily. It doesn't use the usual way of trading. Instead, it has a system that makes swapping tokens simple and fast.
5. Why do we use Yearn Vaults?
Yearn Vaults are like smart piggy banks. They help your money grow without you doing much. They look for the best ways to make more money with what you put in, like a helper for your savings.
A payment processing library can help make your eCommerce application-independent and well-equipped to handle multiple payment gateways. A PHP payment processing software enables multiple features like payment methods, secure authentication, integration with third-party software, etc. With this, you can add popular platforms like PayPal, Apple Pay, Google Pay, Stripe, UnionPay, and more to your web application. PHP allows developers to build fast and scalable applications that provide risk-free solutions to payment woes. With the help of these libraries, you can enable several online payment options like integration with the shopping cart, faster processing, multiple payment platforms, charge back prevention, fraud management, recurring billing, etc.
Below are our 20 best PHP payment processing open source libraries in 2021. Omnipay is a framework agnostic, multi-gateway payment processing library built for PHP 5.6+. Its consistent API is fully unit tested and comes with an example application for beginners. Here, you can learn an API and use it in multiple projects without rewriting the code. Another library, InvoicePlane is a self-hosted open-source application that manages invoices, clients, and payments. Payum Bundle, on the other hand, is an MIT-licensed open-source project that offers all payment-related solutions. It supports both simple use cases as well as very advanced ones.
All new-age finance professionals committed to data analysis and data science are dependent on Python at some level. It is with Python that they can perform analysis on various financial data points. But Python turns out to be a formidable tool even while developing personal finance applications. For instance, you can scrape the web for personal finance data, download financial transactions, develop a budget tracking app, and so on, all with Python.
With that in mind, let’s have a quick overview of some of the best open-source Python packages and libraries for personal finance. Ofxstatement is a tool developed with the intention to convert proprietary bank statements to OFX format which is the accepted format for major personal accounting systems. One of the best open-source Python packages, finance-dl is used for scraping personal finance data from various financial institutions. It performs best when used with beancount-import which is a tool for semi-automatic data importing. We also have MyMoney, which is essentially a web application for personal finance built with Django. It can manage your bank account, your transactions, analyze them and schedule them if they’re recurrent. MyMoney a simple tool with the goal to analyze your expenses.
NFT's or Non Fungible Token's are a new technology phenomenon allowing clear ownership and easy transferability of digital art. This property means each token is unique and cannot be swapped identically for another token ever. NFT can be most anything digital, such as art, images, videos, music, memes, and tweets. The process of creating NFTs is “minting”, similar in concept to metal coins that are minted (stamped) to confirm their legitimacy. Minting an NFT produces a one-of-a-kind token on the blockchain and an electronic certificate of authenticity. NFT Marketplace for Images is used to generate the cryptoboy using the NFT, Blockchain, Cryptocurrency. The generated cryptoboy can be sold and they can see who is the token owner and also token metadata.
Training and Certification - NFT Marketplace for Images
Watch this self-guided tutorial on NFT Marketplace for Images. This includes an understanding of Metamask; a chrome extension used as a crypto wallet, Ganache-Truffle Suite a personal Ethereum Blockchain for distributed application development to build your own NFT Marketplace for CryptoBoy Images Completed the training? Apply for your Participation Certificate and Achievement Certificate now! Tag us on social media with a screenshot or video of your working application for a chance to be featured as an Open Source Champion and get a verified badge.
Installation Guide
⬇️Download, extract and double-click kit installer file to install the kit. Note: Do ensure to extract the zip file before running it.
Development Environment
VSCode is used for development and debugging. Node.js is an open-source, cross-platform, JavaScript runtime environment. It executes JavaScript code outside of a browser, whereas VSCode is used to get a typical experience of IDE for developers.
Tools
To make a Crypto boy you need to install truffle, Ganache CLI, npm, Metamask. Truffle framework is used as a testing framework and asset pipeline for blockchains using the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM). Ganache-CLI is the latest version of TestRPC and a fast and customizable blockchain emulator. npm is the default package manager for the JavaScript runtime environment Node.js. MetaMask is a software cryptocurrency wallet used to interact with the Ethereum blockchain.
Support
If you need help to use this kit, you can email us at kandi.support@openweaver.com or direct message us on Twitter Message Message @OpenWeaverInc.
Blockchain games are using various levels of decentralization as part of their mechanics. Blockchain technology also enables cross-game interoperability, player-driven economy, and play-to-earn gaming models. Through the tokenization of gameplay and smart contracts, memory puzzle will increase the number of tokens for each matches.
Metamask Extension
- After adding Metamask extension to your browser, click get started there you will see 'IMPORT WALLET' and ' CREATE WALLET' there click the create wallet.
- There you select I agree and it asks you to create the password. After creating the password it shows you the recovery phrase.
- If you forget the password you can use the recovery phrase.
- Then one Account will be created, and the default network will be there 'ETHEREUM MAINNET'.
- At the top there is a Network tab there click show/hide network there find and select the "show test networks".
- Then delete 'Localhost:8545'.
- lick 'Add Network' and fill the Network name : 'Ganache' ,RPC URL: 'HTTP://127.0.0.1:7545', Chain Id :'1337' then save. Now you can see 'Ganache Network' in metamask.
Troubleshoot
- While running batch file, if you encounter Windows protection alert, select More info --> Run anyway.
- During kit installer, if you encounter a Windows security alert, click Allow.
- Ensure Ganache is open before running the 1-Click Installer.
- Make sure you have chosen the Ganache Network in the Metamask Extension.
- Sometimes you may face the "out of gas error" to resolve this error, edit the "Gas Limit".
- Sometimes after npm start it throw's an error as create the .env file. For that create the .env file inside the project SKIP_PREFLIGHT_CHECK=true.
For a detailed tutorial on installing & executing the solution as well as learning resources including training & certification opportunities, please visit the OpenWeaver Community
Development Environment
VSCode is used for development and debugging. Node.js is an open-source, cross-platform, JavaScript runtime environment. It executes JavaScript code outside of a browser, whereas VSCode is used to get a typical experience of IDE for developers. npm is the default package manager for the JavaScript runtime environment Node.js.
Ethereum Development Tools
Truffle is a development environment, testing framework and asset pipeline for Ethereum. Web3.js is the Ethereum JavaScript API which connects to the Generic JSON-RPC spec. Solidity is a component to build custom contracts and more complex decentralized systems.Ganache-CLI is the latest version of TestRPC and a fast and customizable blockchain emulator.
Crypto Wallet
MetaMask-extension library is a software cryptocurrency wallet used to interact with the Ethereum blockchain.
Support
If you need help using this kit, you may reach us at the OpenWeaver Community
For trading in cryptocurrency using Bitcoins, a wallet is necessary to store your Bitcoins. You can create your own customized bitcoin wallet. There are multiple components required to build a Bitcoin wallet. These components are required for standard functions like authentications, user profiles, QR code scanner, Push notifications etc. and Bitcoin specific functionalities like address generation, bitcoin exchange rate information, bitcoin trading platform. Bitcoin Wallet Application built using reusable libraries like rest-api-cryptocurrencies-rates, Crypto-currency-converter, crypto-java. Wallets are usually categorized into two groups: software wallets and web wallets. Software wallets are installed on your computer or mobile device and allow you to send and receive bitcoins from them. Popular open-source libraries include:
Address Generation
These libraries will help in creating the bitcoin address as the unique identifier.
Exchange rates
The bitcoin rates, fluctuations and exchange rates against each currency.
Bitcoin trading platform
Exchange mechanism to communicate with various Bitcoin exchanges
Build your own blockchain with functions like Creating Blocks, Generating Block Hashes, Creating the Blockchain Class, Adding Blocks to the Chain Securely, Implementing Proof-of-Work with Python blockchain libraries.
Although blockchains are mainly implemented for cryptocurrencies, this system can be used to store and transfer or transact any type of data securely. Fundamentally, with a blockchain, you can assign these key characteristics to the data, viz., make it immutable and un-hackable with no data loss and securely distributable. Python blockchain libraries are useful for creating blockchains, mining new blocks, adding cryptographic encryption, displaying the entire blockchain, and more. The command-line tools available in Python enable developers to code blockchains. With Python, a developer can create a simple blockchain in fewer than 50 lines of code.
Scroll over to discover this complete list of the best Python blockchain libraries:
cryptocompare
- Provides comprehensive cryptocurrency market data and pricing information.
- Offers historical data, real-time updates, and a range of indices.
- Supports various cryptocurrencies and exchanges.
chia-blockchain
- Developed for the Chia blockchain, a sustainable and eco-friendly alternative to Bitcoin.
- Utilizes proof of space and time for consensus, reducing energy consumption.
- Includes farming and plotting tools for Chia network participation.
cryptofeed
- A cryptocurrency data feed handler library.
- Offers support for multiple exchanges and data formats.
- Allows for real-time data streaming and customization.
lbry-sdk
- Facilitates content sharing and publishing on the LBRY network.
- Supports decentralized digital content distribution.
- Offers tools for building apps and services on the LBRY platform.
electrum
- A popular Bitcoin wallet with a focus on speed and simplicity.
- Offers features like multi-signature support and hardware wallet integration.
- Provides a lightweight SPV (Simplified Payment Verification) client for Bitcoin.
bigchaindb
- A blockchain database designed for decentralized applications (dApps).
- Supports high throughput and low latency for data transactions.
- Enables the creation of custom assets and digital assets management.
web3.py
- A Python library for interacting with Ethereum blockchain nodes.
- Allows developers to build Ethereum dApps and smart contracts in Python.
- Supports contract deployment, transaction handling, and blockchain data retrieval.
torba
- A Python library for Steem blockchain integration.
- Provides tools for creating Steem-based applications.
- Offers efficient data retrieval and posting to the Steem network.
mythril
- Is a security analysis tool to help with Ethereum smart contracts.
- Detects vulnerabilities and security issues in smart contract code.
- Helps developers ensure the security of their Ethereum-based applications.
raiden
- An off-chain scaling solution for Ethereum.
- Enables fast and low-cost token transfers.
- Facilitates micropayments and scalability for Ethereum dApps.
SimpleCoin
- A basic cryptocurrency implementation in Python.
- Suitable for educational purposes and learning about blockchain concepts.
- Allows users to create a simple blockchain and mine coins.
sawtooth-core
- A blockchain platform to build, deploy, and run distributed ledgers.
- Offers modularity and extensibility for custom consensus algorithms.
- Suitable for enterprise blockchain applications.
smart-contracts
- A library for writing, deploying, and managing smart contracts on various blockchains.
- Provides a consistent interface for working with smart contracts across different platforms.
- Supports Ethereum, EOS, and other blockchain ecosystems.
btcrecover
- A Bitcoin wallet password and seed recovery tool.
- Helps users regain access to lost or forgotten Bitcoin wallet credentials.
- Offers dictionary and brute force attack options for password recovery.
cello
- A blockchain platform will simplify the creation of blockchain networks.
- Provides a web-based interface for blockchain network management.
- Offers tools for deploying and managing blockchain applications.
api-v1-client-python
- A Python client library for interacting with blockchain APIs.
- Simplifies the integration of blockchain data into applications.
- Supports various blockchain platforms and data retrieval methods.
dragonchain
- A hybrid blockchain platform for building scalable and secure applications.
- Supports multiple programming languages for smart contract development.
- Offers features like data privacy and interoperability.
nucypher
- A privacy-preserving data-sharing platform for blockchain applications.
- Provides cryptographic tools for secure data sharing and access control.
- Enables decentralized key management and data encryption.
indy-node
- A node implementation for the Hyperledger Indy blockchain.
- Supports self-sovereign identity and verifiable credentials.
- Enables the creation of decentralized identity solutions.
python_blockchain_app
- A Python-based blockchain application development framework.
- Facilitates the creation of custom blockchain applications.
- Offers tools for smart contract development and deployment.
Plutus
- A development platform for Cardano smart contracts.
- Utilizes the Haskell programming language for contract development.
- Provides a formal verification framework for contract correctness.
crypto-whale-watching-app
- An application for tracking and analyzing cryptocurrency market data.
- Offers real-time data updates and visualization of market trends.
- Useful for monitoring large cryptocurrency transactions (whale activity).
QRL
- A quantum-resistant blockchain platform.
- Focuses on security against quantum computing threats.
- Utilizes the XMSS post-quantum digital signature scheme.
cert-issuer
- A tool for issuing blockchain-based certificates and credentials.
- Integrates with various blockchain platforms.
- Enables the verification of certificates on the blockchain.
hydrachain
- A permissioned blockchain framework based on Ethereum.
- Provides flexibility for custom consensus algorithms and privacy features.
- Suitable for enterprise and consortium blockchain applications.
neo-python
- A Python node and SDK for the NEO blockchain.
- Supports NEO smart contract development and deployment.
- Offers features like asset management and digital identity support.
FAQ
How does the programming language of Python support blockchain programming?
Python supports blockchain programming through various libraries and frameworks. Creating blockchain applications and smart contracts is simple and versatile. Libraries such as Web3.py help interact with Ethereum and other blockchains. Tools like PyCryptodome aid in wallet management and transaction signing with cryptography.
How does blockchain technology work for cryptocurrency trading?
Blockchain improves cryptocurrency trading by securely recording transactions, making it safer and transparent. The blockchain verifies and adds cryptocurrency transactions, ensuring trust and immutability. Traders can access real-time market data using Cryptofeed, a Python library. This helps them make informed decisions.
Are there any Ethereum-based applications that use Python libraries?
Yes, Ethereum-based applications are using Python libraries. dApps, decentralized applications, often use Web3.py to interact with Ethereum contracts. Tools like Mythril help analyze smart contract security.
How can I obtain coin information from the ledger using a Python library?
You can use Python libraries such as Web3.py to get coin information from blockchain ledgers. This includes account balances, transaction history, and token details. You can interact with blockchain nodes to do this.
Is it possible to create a secure wallet using Python Blockchain Libraries?
You can use Python Blockchain Libraries to create secure wallets. They help create keys, addresses and sign transactions for security purposes. Properly implementing these libraries ensures wallet security.
How can you track real-time cryptocurrency trading data using a Python Blockchain Library?
You can use Cryptofeed and Python to watch real-time cryptocurrency trading information. Traders can use these tools to see the current prices, order book updates, and market data. This information helps them make decisions when trading cryptocurrency.
One such library is bitcoinj. These open-source libraries have many advanced features implemented in Java and can be used by any JVM-compatible programming language, like Python. With these libraries, you can create components for building Bitcoin, Ethereum, Altcoin, Litecoin, and other such popular crypotocurrencies. You can also create and maintain the bitcoin wallet, integrate with popular crypto-exchanges, enable automated trading, and so on. You can use these to incorporate blockchain into a Java project, create wallets, and manage transactions between nodes, often without having to write your own integration code.
Below is our list of the 48 best Java cryptocurrency libraries that are open-source in 2021. XChange is a Java library of streamlined APIs for interaction with more than 60 Bitcoin and Altcoin exchanges. It has an MIT license and modular components with minimal dependency on third-party applications. Another library, bitcoin-wallet, is a wallet app for your Android device that works as a standalone Bitcoin payment platform with no centralized backend requirement. With this, you can integrate Bitcoin payments into your Android app. On the other hand, Best is an Apache 2.0 licensed enterprise-grade Ethereum client that is Java-based and MainNet compatible. Depending on your requirements, you can choose any of these open-source libraries for your project.
bitcoinj:
- It is a Java library for working with the Bitcoin protocol.
- This library provides functionality for creating and managing Bitcoin wallets.
- It is a lightweight library. This makes it suitable for applications with resource constraints.
bisq:
- It is a Java library used in Security, Cryptography, and Bitcoin applications.
- It is a decentralized, open-source cryptocurrency exchange platform.
- It allows users to trade various cryptocurrencies in a pop manner. It does not need central authority.
web3j:
- Web3j is a Java library for working with the Ethereum blockchain.
- It enables developers familiar with Java to take part in blockchain development.
- It helps developers build secure and reliable apps. This handles the intricacies of blockchain interactions.
XChange:
- Used in Financial Services, Fintech, Security, Cryptography, Ethereum, Bitcoin applications.
- It provides a consistent API for interacting with a diverse set of exchanges.
- It is crucial for facilitating exchanges, handling market data, and executing trading strategies.
bitcoin-wallet:
- A Bitcoin wallet is crucial for managing and securing users' Bitcoin holdings.
- The wallet stores private keys, allowing users to control and access their Bitcoin.
- It generates and manages Bitcoin addresses for receiving payments.
BitHub:
- BitHub is a Java Cryptocurrency library.
- Used in Blockchain Bitcoin applications.
- The BTC and BitHub are experiments in funding privacy OSS.
exchange-core:
- It refers to the core functionality responsible for handling cryptocurrency exchange-related operations.
- The exchange-core handles executing buy and sell orders on the cryptocurrency market.
- It implements the logic for matching buy and sell orders. It is a fundamental aspect of any exchange.
besu:
- It is compatible with the Ethereum protocol.
- It facilitates the execution of smart contracts on the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM).
- It supports interoperability between different blockchain networks.
subzero:
- subzero is a Java library used in Security, Cryptography, Ethereum, Bitcoin applications.
- It refers to a specific library feature, module, or concept.
- It is Block's Bitcoin Cold Storage solution.
bxbot:
- It is a Java library used in Blockchain, Cryptocurrency, Bitcoin applications.
- It is a simple Bitcoin trading bot in Java for trading on cryptocurrency exchanges.
- It addresses the needs of developers working with cryptocurrency-related tasks in Java.
wallet-android:
- wallet-android in a Java cryptocurrency library. It refers to a component responsible for managing cryptocurrency wallets on Android devices.
- It provides an interface for managing digital assets on a mobile platform.
- It facilitates the creation, signing, and broadcasting of transactions on the Blockchain.
CoinExchange_CryptoExchange_Java:
- CoinExchange_CryptoExchange_Java is a Java Cryptocurrency library.
- It helps in Security, Cryptography, and Bitcoin applications.
- It is the best Java open-source cryptocurrency exchange platform.
samourai-wallet-android:
- samourai-wallet-android is a Java Cryptocurrency library.
- It helps with Networking, Router, and Bitcoin applications.
- It is a Bitcoin Wallet focused on privacy when transacting on the Bitcoin network.
DiabloMiner:
- It is a Java-based open-source mining software.
- It mines cryptocurrencies using the OpenCL framework.
- It provides the necessary functions for mining cryptocurrencies.
thunder:
- thunder is a Java library used in Blockchain, Ethereum, Bitcoin applications.
- Wallet / Node implementation of the lightning.network P2P protocol.
- The lightning.network enables Off-Chain Bitcoin Payment Channels using smart contracts.
presto-ethereum:
- It is a Java library used in Big Data, Ethereum, and Oracle applications.
- Presto is a powerful interactive querying engine that enables running SQL queries.
- Ethereum blockchain analytics works without knowing how to play with JS API.
multibit:
- multibit is a Java library used in Blockchain, Cryptocurrency, and Bitcoin applications.
- This can be crucial for precision in financial transactions. It ensures accurate and flexible handling of various amounts.
- Multibit support allows for more granular control over the transacted cryptocurrency amounts.
xchange-stream:
- xchange-stream is a Java library used in Networking, Websocket, Bitcoin applications.
- It provides a simple and consistent streaming API for interacting with Bitcoin.
- It interacts with Bitcoin and other cryptocurrency exchanges.
bither-android:
- bither-android is a Java Cryptocurrency library.
- It helps with Blockchain, Cryptocurrency, Ethereum, Bitcoin, and Electron applications.
- Bither is a secure Bitcoin wallet.
Upchain-wallet:
- Upchain-wallet is a JavaScript Cryptocurrency library.
- It helps with Blockchain, Cryptocurrency, and Ethereum applications.
- It is a powerful Ethereum Android Wallet & DApp Browser.
teku:
- teku is a Java Cryptocurrency library.
- It helps with Blockchain and Ethereum applications.
- It is a Java implementation of the Ethereum 2.0 Beacon Chain.
nuls:
- It provides a modular architecture. It can be beneficial for developers building blockchain apps in Java.
- It emphasizes interoperability, enabling communication and interaction between different blockchains.
- It supports many consensus mechanisms, including PoC and PoS.
ta4j-origins:
- ta4j-origins are a Java Cryptocurrency library.
- It helps with Blockchain, Cryptocurrency, Ethereum, and Bitcoin applications.
- It is a Java library for technical analysis.
cointrader:
- It is a Java library used in Blockchain and cryptocurrency applications.
- Coin Trader is a Java-based backend for trading cryptocurrencies.
- It provides complex event processing and triggering, data collection & export, and backtesting.
Lunary-Ethereum-Wallet:
- It helps with Blockchain, Cryptocurrency, Ethereum, and Bitcoin applications.
- It is a designed, easy-to-use, secure, and open-source Ethereum Wallet for Android.
- It provides developers with tools to integrate Ethereum functionality into their apps.
donations:
- Donations in a Java cryptocurrency library. It helps in sustaining the development and maintenance of the library.
- It can also foster a sense of community engagement. It encourages developers to contribute and collaborate.
- It enables developers to deliver a robust and up-to-date tool for users.
alpha-wallet-android:
- It provides an interface for users to manage their cryptocurrency wallets.
- It facilitates the creation and signing of transactions.
- It likely adheres to industry standards and Ethereum Improvement Proposals (EIPs).
BitcoinChecker:
- It is a Java library used in Blockchain, Cryptocurrency, and Bitcoin applications.
- It is a library, or a tool designed for checking Bitcoin-related information.
- It allows developers to access real-time market data and check app transaction status.
lighthouse:
- lighthouse refers to a beacon or a reference point for developers.
- It helps maintain consistency in coding standards and design patterns across the library.
- By establishing a lighthouse, the library encourages community collaboration.
eventeum:
- It is a Java library used in Blockchain, Cryptocurrency, Ethereum, and Prometheus applications.
- An Ethereum event listener that bridges your smart contract events and backend microservices.
- its importance in a Java cryptocurrency context would likely revolve around event handling.
huobi_Java:
- It is a Java library used in Web Services, REST applications.
- It is a Java SDK for Huobi Spot API.
- It might offer functionalities like accessing market data and placing trades.
bitcoin-android:
- It provides functionality for working with Bitcoin transactions and blockchain-related tasks on apps.
- Its importance lies in enabling developers to integrate Bitcoin functionality into Android apps.
- It allows sending and receiving Bitcoin & check balances. Also, it performs other cryptocurrency-related operations.
ETHWallet:
- An ETHWallet in a Java cryptocurrency library is important for managing Ethereum wallets.
- It allows you to generate, import, and manage Ethereum addresses. Also allows us to generate public keys, and private keys.
- It secures and controls access to Ethereum assets within a Java application.
multibit-hd:
- It is a Java library used in Blockchain, Cryptocurrency, Bitcoin applications.
- It was a Bitcoin wallet that aimed to enhance security and usability features.
- It Supports external hardware wallets available through the MultiBit Hardware project.
bitcoin-transaction-explorer:
- It provides a way to interact with the Bitcoin blockchain.
- It enables the exploration of address-related information.
- It allows developers to retrieve information about transactions, addresses, and blocks.
blockchain-java:
- It provides a decentralized and secure method for managing transactions.
- It ensures transparency and immutability of the transaction history.
- It enables programmable and automated execution of predefined rules within the blockchain network.
status-keycard:
- status-keycard is a Java library used in Web Site, Ecommerce, Ethereum, and Bitcoin apps.
- Keycard is an implementation of a BIP-32 HD wallet running on Javacard 3.0.4.
- It supports both NFC and ISO7816 physical interfaces. It is compatible with any Android phone equipped with NFC and all USB Smartcard readers.
mercury:
- mercury is a Java Cryptocurrency library.
- It helps with Security, Cryptography, Ethereum, and Bitcoin applications.
- It is a decentralized cryptocurrency exchange.
react-native-geth:
- It is a package for React Native. It allows developers to integrate this library into their React Native apps.
- It is a popular implementation of the Ethereum protocol.
- It allows developers to access functionalities such as creating wallets and sending transactions.
web3j-spring-boot-starter:
- It is a Java library used in Security, Spring Boot, and Spring applications.
- It is significant for integrating Web3j. It is a Java library for working with Ethereum in Spring Boot applications.
- It simplifies the configuration and setup process. This makes it easier to interact with the Ethereum blockchain through Spring Boot.
erc20-rest-service:
- It helps with Blockchain, Cryptocurrency, Ethereum, Spring Boot, Spring, JPA applications.
- It provides a RESTful API for interacting with ERC-20 tokens.
- It is an ERC-20 token standard RESTful service using Spring Boot and web3j.
okcoin-client:
- okcoin-client is a Java cryptocurrency library.
- It is a Java library used in Blockchain, Cryptocurrency, Bitcoin applications.
- It acts as a OKCoin API Wrapper in Java.
erc20-rest-service:
- erc20-rest-service is a Java Cryptocurrency library.
- It helps with Blockchain, Cryptocurrency, Ethereum, Spring Boot, Spring, JPA applications.
- It is an ERC-20 token standard RESTful service using Spring Boot and web3j.
teku:
- It is a Java library used in Blockchain, and Ethereum applications.
- It is a Java implementation of the Ethereum 2.0 Beacon Chain.
- It is changing; hence the recommended building from the latest master.
BitcoinVisualizer:
- It is a Java library used in Blockchain, Ethereum, and Bitcoin applications.
- It helps users understand the flow of transactions on Blockchain. This makes it easier to track and analyze.
- It can provide insights into trends, volatility, and potential trading opportunities.
iota-java:
- It allows developers to interact with the IOTA Tangle. It is the underlying data structure of the IOTA cryptocurrency.
- Developers can harness the benefits of the IOTA network within their Java projects.
- It provides a convenient way for developers to integrate IOTA into their apps.
api-v1-client-java:
- It refers to a client library. It interacts with a specific version (v1) of a cryptocurrency exchange's API.
- It enforces a consistent structure for interacting with the exchange's API.
- It abstracts away low-level details. It provides a more straightforward interface for developers to work with.
abcore:
- It is a Java library used in Blockchain, Cryptocurrency, Bitcoin applications.
- It is an Android app that fetches Bitcoin core daemon built for Android using NDK.
- It makes it easier to run the Bitcoin Core daemon node on Android set-top box devices.
FAQ
1: What is a Java cryptocurrency library?
A Java cryptocurrency library is a set of tools, functions, and classes written in Java. It eases the integration of cryptocurrency-related functionalities into Java applications.
2: Which cryptocurrencies does the Java library support?
The supported cryptocurrencies depend on the specific library. Ensure that the library supports the cryptocurrencies you intend to work with. Those libraries are Bitcoin, Ethereum, and others.
3: How do I integrate the Java cryptocurrency library into my project?
This integration involves adding the library to your project's dependencies. Refer to the library documentation for detailed instructions on integration.
4: Is the library compatible with blockchain protocols?
Yes, most Java cryptocurrency libraries interact with specific blockchain protocols. It ensures compatibility with the Blockchain you plan to work on. The Blockchain is like Bitcoin's Blockchain or Ethereum's network.
5: Does the library handle wallet functionalities?
Many Java cryptocurrency libraries provide features for wallet management. It includes key generation, transaction signing, and balance inquiry. Check the documentation for details.
In August 2021, the U.S. Department of Justice repatriated an additional $452 million in 1MDB funds to Malaysia. This repatriation took the total amount recovered from the corruption scandal to $1.2 billion. The funds had been laundered through major financial institutions worldwide, including in the United States, Switzerland, Singapore, and Luxembourg.
While there are multiple global regulations targeting money laundering, multiple estimates peg the size of money laundering between $800 billion to $2 trillion annually. While there are multiple commercially available AML packages, the core technologies are the ability to stream-process vast sources of information and intelligent algorithms to identify money laundering patterns.
kandi collection on Anti-Money Laundering covers open source libraries across data scraping, stream processing, open source intelligence (OSINT Framework), anti-money laundering algorithms, and case management for anti-money laundering.
Scraping and Stream Processing
Key inputs for an AML solution are processing a variety of sources of information. Web scraping and real time streaming solutions help achieve this. For more insights on streaming refer to the kandi kit - Building a Stream Processing Application using open source libraries . For more insights on web scraping refer to the kandi collection - 13 best Python Web Scraping libraries in 2021.
Open Source Intelligence
A variety of open source intelligence tools enable targeting information gathering from multiple sources.
Anti-Money Laundering Algoritms
AML algorithms are key in identifying fraud patterns and flagging them.
Case Management for Anti-Money Laundering
Case management libraries process the alerts raised by the AML algorithms. Below are libraries spanning across general process management to ones tailored to legal and fraud management.
Binance operates the world's biggest bitcoin exchange and altcoin crypto exchange in the world by volume. The Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) has ruled that the firm cannot conduct any "regulated activity" in the UK. It also issued a consumer warning about Binance.com, advising people to be wary of adverts promising high returns on crypto-asset investments. The US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and Japan's Financial Services Agency (FSA) had also issued warnings about Binance.
Crypto exchanges allow customers to trade cryptocurrencies with other assets, such as money or other digital currencies. Exchanges may accept credit card payments, wire transfers, or other forms of charge in exchange for cryptocurrencies. The exchanges can send cryptocurrency to a user's wallet or convert digital currency balances into prepaid cards to withdraw funds from ATMs worldwide. In contrast, other digital currencies are backed by real-world commodities such as gold. The regulation of crypto exchanges differs from country to country.
While Binance is a market leader, there are multiple other crypto exchanges. kandi collection on Binance Alternatives lists accelerators across other popular exchanges such as Robinhood Crypto, Coinbase, Poloniex, Uphold, and Kraken. Do not construe this as financial or legal advice.
Robinhood Crypto Libraries
robin_stocks by jmfernandes, robinhood-crypto by wang-ye, and robinhood-observer by jspenc72 enable integration with Robinhood Crypto.
Coinbase Libraries
optimal-buy-cbpro by brndnmtthws, coinbase-exchange-order-book by PierreRochard, and open-source-coinbase-index-fund by acmeyer are popular Coinbase focused libraries.
Poloniex Libraries
If you are looking to leverage Poloniex, try MikaLendingBot by BitBotFactory, python-poloniex by s4w3d0ff, and Personal - Poloniex Trading Bot by dalton_baker.
Uphold Libraries
uphold-sdk-javascript by uphold, uphold-sdk-python by byrnereese, uphold-sdk-android by uphold, and uphold-sdk-ios by uphold enable you to trade on Uphold.
Kraken Libraries
Alternatively, aio-kraken-ws by cdlr75, Telegram-Kraken-Bot by Endogen, kraken-go-api-client by beldur, and npm-kraken-api by nothingisdead allow you to trade on Kraken.
Cryptocurrencies ushered in an era of digital assets that eased the medium of exchange while ensuring secure transaction records. As a result, the entire supply chain of creation and transfer is transparent, secure, and verifiable, making cryptocurrencies a mainstay in Fintech. Bitcoin was released in 2009 as an open source software and a decentralized cryptocurrency. Following Bitcoin, multiple cryptocurrencies have been created with Bitcoin and Ethereum holding market leadership. In April 2021, the total market cap of cryptocurrencies surpassed the USD two trillion mark.
Cryptocurrencies bring transparency and speed. However, the lack of sovereign guarantees and central banking regulation has raised multiple governance issues. For example, the legality and taxation of cryptocurrencies vary by country and are still evolving. In addition, cryptocurrencies have been the target of speculation, fraud, theft, and darknet transactions that highlight the lack of central regulating authorities.
Multiple factors impact the value of cryptocurrencies. The most famous factor in recent times is Elon Musk. While actions of leaders of states impacted their economies, cryptocurrencies are open to influence from nonstate actors. Elon Musk's Tesla announced it would buy $1.5 billion worth of bitcoin and said it would accept the virtual currency as payment for its electric cars. However, a few months later, Musk tweeted on the nonsustainable energy consumption of cryptocurrencies, knocking off their value. He increased the value of Dogecoin through his tweets. While there are more significant issues facing cryptocurrencies, Musk's tweets are probably the most visible ones, and accusations range from speculation to conflict of interest.
kandi collection on Elon Musk Crypto Tweet Trackers provides you with public libraries that you can try for free and provide you functions to automate trades, review the impact of cryptocurrencies based on his tweets, and some other fun projects. Do not construe this as financial or legal advice.
Compare Prices
elon_doge_tracker by rodgerbenham and TLSA-vs-Elon-s-Tweets by Joerg-ffs compare Elon Musk's tweets to the Tesla stock price and Dogecoin.
Trading Bots
bitcoin-bot-buy-if-elon-tweets by CyberPunkMetalHead, elonbot by vslaykovsky, tradoge by gschurck, Twitter_Activated_Crypto_Trading_Bot by jaimindp, moon-doge by antoinebaron-io and Elon-Alert by oguzdelioglu are automated trading bots that help you trade cryptocurrencies based on his tweets.
Fun Projects
Finally, if you care less for cryptocurrencies and are just looking for fun, RandomElon by thecookiemonsters and elon-bot by Macr0Nerd help produce random Elon Musk quotes.
Trending Discussions on Financial Services
Replace contents of a column in powerQuery based on another column
How to label multi-word entities?
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QUESTION
Replace contents of a column in powerQuery based on another column
Asked 2022-Mar-16 at 19:281Mcode= Table.ReplaceValue(#"Renamed Columns2", each if Text.Contains([Rate_Card.Payee],"Financial Services") and [Externalidinvestorlevel] = null then null else [Rate_Card.Payee]
2
Error Message:
Expression.SyntaxError: Token RightParen expected.
ANSWER
Answered 2022-Mar-16 at 19:28I think maybe you want to do this
1Mcode= Table.ReplaceValue(#"Renamed Columns2", each if Text.Contains([Rate_Card.Payee],"Financial Services") and [Externalidinvestorlevel] = null then null else [Rate_Card.Payee]
2 Mcode= Table.ReplaceValue(#"Renamed Columns2",
3 each [Rate_Card.Payee],
4 each if Text.Contains([Rate_Card.Payee],"Financial Services")
5 and [Externalidinvestorlevel] = null
6 then null else [Rate_Card.Payee]
7 ,Replacer.ReplaceValue,{"Rate_Card.Payee"})
8 in #"Replaced Value"
9
QUESTION
How to label multi-word entities?
Asked 2022-Mar-15 at 07:06I'm quite new to data analysis (and Python in general), and I'm currently a bit stuck in my project.
For my NLP-task I need to create training data, i.e. find specific entities in sentences and label them. I have multiple csv files containing the entities I am trying to find, many of them consisting of multiple words. I have tokenized and lemmatized the unlabeled sentences with spaCy and loaded them into a pandas.DataFrame
.
My main problem is: how do I now compare the tokenized sentences with the entity-lists and label the (often multi-word) entities? Having around 0.5 GB of sentences, I don't think it is feasible to just for-loop every sentence and then for-loop every entity in every class-list and do a simple substring-search. Is there any smart way to use pandas.Series or DataFrame to do this labeling?
As mentioned, I don't really have any experience regarding pandas/numpy etc. and after a lot of web searching I still haven't seemed to find the answer to my problem
Say that this is a sample of finance.csv, one of my entity lists:
1"Frontwave Credit Union",
2"St. Mary's Bank",
3"Center for Financial Services Innovation",
4...
5
And that this is a sample of sport.csv, another one of my entity lists:
1"Frontwave Credit Union",
2"St. Mary's Bank",
3"Center for Financial Services Innovation",
4...
5"Christiano Ronaldo",
6"Lewis Hamilton",
7...
8
And an example (dumb) sentence:
1"Frontwave Credit Union",
2"St. Mary's Bank",
3"Center for Financial Services Innovation",
4...
5"Christiano Ronaldo",
6"Lewis Hamilton",
7...
8"Dear members of Frontwave Credit Union, any credit demanded by Lewis Hamilton is invalid, said Ronaldo"
9
The result I'd like would be something like a table of tokens with the matching entity labels (with IOB labeling):
1"Frontwave Credit Union",
2"St. Mary's Bank",
3"Center for Financial Services Innovation",
4...
5"Christiano Ronaldo",
6"Lewis Hamilton",
7...
8"Dear members of Frontwave Credit Union, any credit demanded by Lewis Hamilton is invalid, said Ronaldo"
9"Dear "- O
10"members" - O
11"of" - O
12"Frontwave" - B-FINANCE
13"Credit" - I-FINANCE
14"Union" - I-FINANCE
15"," - O
16"any" - O
17...
18"Lewis" - B-SPORT
19"Hamilton" - I-SPORT
20...
21"said" - O
22"Ronaldo" - O
23
ANSWER
Answered 2022-Mar-15 at 07:06Use:
1"Frontwave Credit Union",
2"St. Mary's Bank",
3"Center for Financial Services Innovation",
4...
5"Christiano Ronaldo",
6"Lewis Hamilton",
7...
8"Dear members of Frontwave Credit Union, any credit demanded by Lewis Hamilton is invalid, said Ronaldo"
9"Dear "- O
10"members" - O
11"of" - O
12"Frontwave" - B-FINANCE
13"Credit" - I-FINANCE
14"Union" - I-FINANCE
15"," - O
16"any" - O
17...
18"Lewis" - B-SPORT
19"Hamilton" - I-SPORT
20...
21"said" - O
22"Ronaldo" - O
23FINANCE = ["Frontwave Credit Union",
24"St. Mary's Bank",
25"Center for Financial Services Innovation"]
26
27SPORT = [
28 "Christiano Ronaldo",
29 "Lewis Hamilton",
30]
31
32FINANCE = '|'.join(FINANCE)
33sent = pd.DataFrame({'sent': ["Dear members of Frontwave Credit Union, any credit demanded by Lewis Hamilton is invalid, said Ronaldo"]})
34home = sent['sent'].str.extractall(f'({FINANCE})')
35
36def labeler(row, group):
37 l = len(row.split())
38 return [f'I-{group}' if i !=0 else f'B-{group}' for i in range(l)]
39
40home[0].apply(labeler, group='FINANCE').explode()
41
QUESTION
can't resolve error \x93 when call my print function
Asked 2022-Feb-24 at 11:00I'm reposting the question because unsolved or inefficiently answered, filled with some missing info.
After several iteration in loop of my print function without problem, I face to this error I can't figure out: UnicodeEncodeError: 'charmap' codec can't encode character '\x93' in position 0: character maps to <undefined>
, but. you'll see better on traceback down below.
j is a string ( a flag I use for my ref. into the file.. You can take any..); h
take value of gh when passed the function prt_tit_gen
. dir_conf+ct
are strings respectively a dir and a name file where to print in..
For what I can understand (because appear on spyder debuger ), the text code is utf-8
.
The routine is (gh
is the "exploded" format for debugging purpose) :
1 gh = j+' -> '+str(' '.join(e))+"\n"
2 prt_tit_gen(dir_conf+ct , gh , 'a')
3
where
1 gh = j+' -> '+str(' '.join(e))+"\n"
2 prt_tit_gen(dir_conf+ct , gh , 'a')
3def prt_tit_gen(d,h,m):
4 file1 = open(d, m)
5 file1.writelines(h)
6 file1.close()
7
and
1 gh = j+' -> '+str(' '.join(e))+"\n"
2 prt_tit_gen(dir_conf+ct , gh , 'a')
3def prt_tit_gen(d,h,m):
4 file1 = open(d, m)
5 file1.writelines(h)
6 file1.close()
7e = [
8'zip:GY1 1WW',
9'sector:Financial Services',
10'longBusinessSummary:Eurocastle Investment Limited is a publicly traded closed-ended investment company that focuses on investing in performing and nonperforming loans and other real estate related assets primarily in Italy. The Company is Euro denominated and is listed on Euronext Amsterdam under the symbol “ECT”. Eurocastle is managed by an affiliate of Fortress Investment Group LLC, a leading global investment manager. For more information regarding Eurocastle Investment Limited and to be added to our email distribution list, please visit www.eurocastleinv.com.',
11'city:Saint Peter Port',
12'country:Guernsey',
13'regularMarketPrice:8.3',
14'preMarketPrice:None',
15'logo_url:https://logo.clearbit.com/eurocastleinv.com'
16]
17
Traceback (most recent call last):
1 gh = j+' -> '+str(' '.join(e))+"\n"
2 prt_tit_gen(dir_conf+ct , gh , 'a')
3def prt_tit_gen(d,h,m):
4 file1 = open(d, m)
5 file1.writelines(h)
6 file1.close()
7e = [
8'zip:GY1 1WW',
9'sector:Financial Services',
10'longBusinessSummary:Eurocastle Investment Limited is a publicly traded closed-ended investment company that focuses on investing in performing and nonperforming loans and other real estate related assets primarily in Italy. The Company is Euro denominated and is listed on Euronext Amsterdam under the symbol “ECT”. Eurocastle is managed by an affiliate of Fortress Investment Group LLC, a leading global investment manager. For more information regarding Eurocastle Investment Limited and to be added to our email distribution list, please visit www.eurocastleinv.com.',
11'city:Saint Peter Port',
12'country:Guernsey',
13'regularMarketPrice:8.3',
14'preMarketPrice:None',
15'logo_url:https://logo.clearbit.com/eurocastleinv.com'
16]
17File "D:\Documenti\Develope\Python\AI\Previsone Titoli\getTiker Sector.py", line 89, in <module>
18 prt_tit_gen(dir_conf+ct, j+' -> '+str(' '.join(e))+"\n", 'a')
19 File "D:\Documenti\Develope\Python\AI\Previsone Titoli\getTiker Sector.py", line 45, in prt_tit_gen
20 file1.writelines(h)
21 File "C:\Program Files\Linguaggi\Python397\lib\encodings\cp1252.py", line 19, in encode
22 return codecs.charmap_encode(input,self.errors,encoding_table)[0]
23UnicodeEncodeError: 'charmap' codec can't encode character '\x93' in position 0: character maps to <undefined>
24
ANSWER
Answered 2022-Feb-24 at 11:00Open the file with a specified encoding like this
1 gh = j+' -> '+str(' '.join(e))+"\n"
2 prt_tit_gen(dir_conf+ct , gh , 'a')
3def prt_tit_gen(d,h,m):
4 file1 = open(d, m)
5 file1.writelines(h)
6 file1.close()
7e = [
8'zip:GY1 1WW',
9'sector:Financial Services',
10'longBusinessSummary:Eurocastle Investment Limited is a publicly traded closed-ended investment company that focuses on investing in performing and nonperforming loans and other real estate related assets primarily in Italy. The Company is Euro denominated and is listed on Euronext Amsterdam under the symbol “ECT”. Eurocastle is managed by an affiliate of Fortress Investment Group LLC, a leading global investment manager. For more information regarding Eurocastle Investment Limited and to be added to our email distribution list, please visit www.eurocastleinv.com.',
11'city:Saint Peter Port',
12'country:Guernsey',
13'regularMarketPrice:8.3',
14'preMarketPrice:None',
15'logo_url:https://logo.clearbit.com/eurocastleinv.com'
16]
17File "D:\Documenti\Develope\Python\AI\Previsone Titoli\getTiker Sector.py", line 89, in <module>
18 prt_tit_gen(dir_conf+ct, j+' -> '+str(' '.join(e))+"\n", 'a')
19 File "D:\Documenti\Develope\Python\AI\Previsone Titoli\getTiker Sector.py", line 45, in prt_tit_gen
20 file1.writelines(h)
21 File "C:\Program Files\Linguaggi\Python397\lib\encodings\cp1252.py", line 19, in encode
22 return codecs.charmap_encode(input,self.errors,encoding_table)[0]
23UnicodeEncodeError: 'charmap' codec can't encode character '\x93' in position 0: character maps to <undefined>
24file1 = open(d, m, encoding="utf-8")
25
QUESTION
how to create sum and inner sum of group by in pandas data frame
Asked 2022-Feb-10 at 19:48I have the below data frame
1 sector__description industry__description weight
2 REAL ESTATE REAL ESTATE 0.564507
3 INDUSTRIALS INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS 0.894072
4 TECHNOLOGY TECH HARDWARE & SEMICONDUCTORS 3.633277
5 CLOSED END FUND FUND_OBJECTIVE 2.276752
6 FINANCIALS FINANCIAL SERVICES 1.145301
7 ENERGY OIL & GAS 3.099118
8 TECHNOLOGY TECH HARDWARE & SEMICONDUCTORS 0.987115
9 FINANCIALS BANKING 6.034223
10 HEALTH CARE HEALTH CARE 1.134993
11 UTILITIES UTILITIES 1.345726
12 HEALTH CARE HEALTH CARE 1.117600
13 CLOSED END FUND CLOSED END FUND 0.063387
14 FINANCIALS INSURANCE 1.275847
15 CONSUMER STAPLES CONSUMER STAPLE PRODUCTS 0.634256
16 FINANCIALS INSURANCE 15.541616
17 FINANCIALS INSURANCE 4.777598
18 REAL ESTATE REAL ESTATE 0.647987
19 MONEY MARKET MONEY MARKET 2.634138
20 MONEY MARKET MONEY MARKET 2.637100
21 REAL ESTATE REAL ESTATE 0.788146
22 CONSUMER STAPLES RETAIL & WHOLESALE - STAPLES 1.754561
23 FINANCIALS BANKING 2.146774
24 CONSUMER DISCRETIONARY CONSUMER DISCRETIONARY SERVICES 3.579005
25
from this I need a list like below for all the sectors
[ {'sector': 'FINANCIALS' , weight: 'total sum of all financials', sub:[{'sector': 'FINANCIAL SERVICES' , weight: 'total sum of all financial services'},{'sector': 'INSURANCE' , weight: 'total sum of all insurance'}, {'sector': 'BANKING' , weight: 'total sum of all banking']}, ..... ]
ANSWER
Answered 2022-Feb-10 at 13:11Use list comprehension for your custom format with aggregate sum
per both levels:
1 sector__description industry__description weight
2 REAL ESTATE REAL ESTATE 0.564507
3 INDUSTRIALS INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS 0.894072
4 TECHNOLOGY TECH HARDWARE & SEMICONDUCTORS 3.633277
5 CLOSED END FUND FUND_OBJECTIVE 2.276752
6 FINANCIALS FINANCIAL SERVICES 1.145301
7 ENERGY OIL & GAS 3.099118
8 TECHNOLOGY TECH HARDWARE & SEMICONDUCTORS 0.987115
9 FINANCIALS BANKING 6.034223
10 HEALTH CARE HEALTH CARE 1.134993
11 UTILITIES UTILITIES 1.345726
12 HEALTH CARE HEALTH CARE 1.117600
13 CLOSED END FUND CLOSED END FUND 0.063387
14 FINANCIALS INSURANCE 1.275847
15 CONSUMER STAPLES CONSUMER STAPLE PRODUCTS 0.634256
16 FINANCIALS INSURANCE 15.541616
17 FINANCIALS INSURANCE 4.777598
18 REAL ESTATE REAL ESTATE 0.647987
19 MONEY MARKET MONEY MARKET 2.634138
20 MONEY MARKET MONEY MARKET 2.637100
21 REAL ESTATE REAL ESTATE 0.788146
22 CONSUMER STAPLES RETAIL & WHOLESALE - STAPLES 1.754561
23 FINANCIALS BANKING 2.146774
24 CONSUMER DISCRETIONARY CONSUMER DISCRETIONARY SERVICES 3.579005
25out = [{'sector': k,
26 'weight': v['weight'].sum(),
27 'sub': v.groupby('industry__description')['weight']
28 .sum()
29 .rename_axis('sector')
30 .reset_index().to_dict(orient='records')}
31 for k, v in df.groupby('sector__description')]
32
1 sector__description industry__description weight
2 REAL ESTATE REAL ESTATE 0.564507
3 INDUSTRIALS INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS 0.894072
4 TECHNOLOGY TECH HARDWARE & SEMICONDUCTORS 3.633277
5 CLOSED END FUND FUND_OBJECTIVE 2.276752
6 FINANCIALS FINANCIAL SERVICES 1.145301
7 ENERGY OIL & GAS 3.099118
8 TECHNOLOGY TECH HARDWARE & SEMICONDUCTORS 0.987115
9 FINANCIALS BANKING 6.034223
10 HEALTH CARE HEALTH CARE 1.134993
11 UTILITIES UTILITIES 1.345726
12 HEALTH CARE HEALTH CARE 1.117600
13 CLOSED END FUND CLOSED END FUND 0.063387
14 FINANCIALS INSURANCE 1.275847
15 CONSUMER STAPLES CONSUMER STAPLE PRODUCTS 0.634256
16 FINANCIALS INSURANCE 15.541616
17 FINANCIALS INSURANCE 4.777598
18 REAL ESTATE REAL ESTATE 0.647987
19 MONEY MARKET MONEY MARKET 2.634138
20 MONEY MARKET MONEY MARKET 2.637100
21 REAL ESTATE REAL ESTATE 0.788146
22 CONSUMER STAPLES RETAIL & WHOLESALE - STAPLES 1.754561
23 FINANCIALS BANKING 2.146774
24 CONSUMER DISCRETIONARY CONSUMER DISCRETIONARY SERVICES 3.579005
25out = [{'sector': k,
26 'weight': v['weight'].sum(),
27 'sub': v.groupby('industry__description')['weight']
28 .sum()
29 .rename_axis('sector')
30 .reset_index().to_dict(orient='records')}
31 for k, v in df.groupby('sector__description')]
32print (out)
33
34
35[
36 {
37 "sector":"CLOSED END FUND",
38 "weight":2.340139,
39 "sub":[
40 {
41 "sector":"CLOSED END FUND",
42 "weight":0.063387
43 },
44 {
45 "sector":"FUND_OBJECTIVE",
46 "weight":2.276752
47 }
48 ]
49 },
50 {
51 "sector":"CONSUMER DISCRETIONARY",
52 "weight":3.579005,
53 "sub":[
54 {
55 "sector":"CONSUMER DISCRETIONARY SERVICES",
56 "weight":3.579005
57 }
58 ]
59 },
60 {
61 "sector":"CONSUMER STAPLES",
62 "weight":2.388817,
63 "sub":[
64 {
65 "sector":"CONSUMER STAPLE PRODUCTS",
66 "weight":0.634256
67 },
68 {
69 "sector":"RETAIL & WHOLESALE - STAPLES",
70 "weight":1.754561
71 }
72 ]
73 },
74 {
75 "sector":"ENERGY",
76 "weight":3.099118,
77 "sub":[
78 {
79 "sector":"OIL & GAS",
80 "weight":3.099118
81 }
82 ]
83 },
84 {
85 "sector":"FINANCIALS",
86 "weight":30.921359,
87 "sub":[
88 {
89 "sector":"BANKING",
90 "weight":8.180997
91 },
92 {
93 "sector":"FINANCIAL SERVICES",
94 "weight":1.145301
95 },
96 {
97 "sector":"INSURANCE",
98 "weight":21.595061
99 }
100 ]
101 },
102 {
103 "sector":"HEALTH CARE",
104 "weight":2.252593,
105 "sub":[
106 {
107 "sector":"HEALTH CARE",
108 "weight":2.252593
109 }
110 ]
111 },
112 {
113 "sector":"INDUSTRIALS",
114 "weight":0.894072,
115 "sub":[
116 {
117 "sector":"INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS",
118 "weight":0.894072
119 }
120 ]
121 },
122 {
123 "sector":"MONEY MARKET",
124 "weight":5.271238,
125 "sub":[
126 {
127 "sector":"MONEY MARKET",
128 "weight":5.271238
129 }
130 ]
131 },
132 {
133 "sector":"REAL ESTATE",
134 "weight":2.0006399999999998,
135 "sub":[
136 {
137 "sector":"REAL ESTATE",
138 "weight":2.0006399999999998
139 }
140 ]
141 },
142 {
143 "sector":"TECHNOLOGY",
144 "weight":4.620392,
145 "sub":[
146 {
147 "sector":"TECH HARDWARE & SEMICONDUCTORS",
148 "weight":4.620392
149 }
150 ]
151 },
152 {
153 "sector":"UTILITIES",
154 "weight":1.345726,
155 "sub":[
156 {
157 "sector":"UTILITIES",
158 "weight":1.345726
159 }
160 ]
161 }
162]
163
EDIT:
1 sector__description industry__description weight
2 REAL ESTATE REAL ESTATE 0.564507
3 INDUSTRIALS INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS 0.894072
4 TECHNOLOGY TECH HARDWARE & SEMICONDUCTORS 3.633277
5 CLOSED END FUND FUND_OBJECTIVE 2.276752
6 FINANCIALS FINANCIAL SERVICES 1.145301
7 ENERGY OIL & GAS 3.099118
8 TECHNOLOGY TECH HARDWARE & SEMICONDUCTORS 0.987115
9 FINANCIALS BANKING 6.034223
10 HEALTH CARE HEALTH CARE 1.134993
11 UTILITIES UTILITIES 1.345726
12 HEALTH CARE HEALTH CARE 1.117600
13 CLOSED END FUND CLOSED END FUND 0.063387
14 FINANCIALS INSURANCE 1.275847
15 CONSUMER STAPLES CONSUMER STAPLE PRODUCTS 0.634256
16 FINANCIALS INSURANCE 15.541616
17 FINANCIALS INSURANCE 4.777598
18 REAL ESTATE REAL ESTATE 0.647987
19 MONEY MARKET MONEY MARKET 2.634138
20 MONEY MARKET MONEY MARKET 2.637100
21 REAL ESTATE REAL ESTATE 0.788146
22 CONSUMER STAPLES RETAIL & WHOLESALE - STAPLES 1.754561
23 FINANCIALS BANKING 2.146774
24 CONSUMER DISCRETIONARY CONSUMER DISCRETIONARY SERVICES 3.579005
25out = [{'sector': k,
26 'weight': v['weight'].sum(),
27 'sub': v.groupby('industry__description')['weight']
28 .sum()
29 .rename_axis('sector')
30 .reset_index().to_dict(orient='records')}
31 for k, v in df.groupby('sector__description')]
32print (out)
33
34
35[
36 {
37 "sector":"CLOSED END FUND",
38 "weight":2.340139,
39 "sub":[
40 {
41 "sector":"CLOSED END FUND",
42 "weight":0.063387
43 },
44 {
45 "sector":"FUND_OBJECTIVE",
46 "weight":2.276752
47 }
48 ]
49 },
50 {
51 "sector":"CONSUMER DISCRETIONARY",
52 "weight":3.579005,
53 "sub":[
54 {
55 "sector":"CONSUMER DISCRETIONARY SERVICES",
56 "weight":3.579005
57 }
58 ]
59 },
60 {
61 "sector":"CONSUMER STAPLES",
62 "weight":2.388817,
63 "sub":[
64 {
65 "sector":"CONSUMER STAPLE PRODUCTS",
66 "weight":0.634256
67 },
68 {
69 "sector":"RETAIL & WHOLESALE - STAPLES",
70 "weight":1.754561
71 }
72 ]
73 },
74 {
75 "sector":"ENERGY",
76 "weight":3.099118,
77 "sub":[
78 {
79 "sector":"OIL & GAS",
80 "weight":3.099118
81 }
82 ]
83 },
84 {
85 "sector":"FINANCIALS",
86 "weight":30.921359,
87 "sub":[
88 {
89 "sector":"BANKING",
90 "weight":8.180997
91 },
92 {
93 "sector":"FINANCIAL SERVICES",
94 "weight":1.145301
95 },
96 {
97 "sector":"INSURANCE",
98 "weight":21.595061
99 }
100 ]
101 },
102 {
103 "sector":"HEALTH CARE",
104 "weight":2.252593,
105 "sub":[
106 {
107 "sector":"HEALTH CARE",
108 "weight":2.252593
109 }
110 ]
111 },
112 {
113 "sector":"INDUSTRIALS",
114 "weight":0.894072,
115 "sub":[
116 {
117 "sector":"INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS",
118 "weight":0.894072
119 }
120 ]
121 },
122 {
123 "sector":"MONEY MARKET",
124 "weight":5.271238,
125 "sub":[
126 {
127 "sector":"MONEY MARKET",
128 "weight":5.271238
129 }
130 ]
131 },
132 {
133 "sector":"REAL ESTATE",
134 "weight":2.0006399999999998,
135 "sub":[
136 {
137 "sector":"REAL ESTATE",
138 "weight":2.0006399999999998
139 }
140 ]
141 },
142 {
143 "sector":"TECHNOLOGY",
144 "weight":4.620392,
145 "sub":[
146 {
147 "sector":"TECH HARDWARE & SEMICONDUCTORS",
148 "weight":4.620392
149 }
150 ]
151 },
152 {
153 "sector":"UTILITIES",
154 "weight":1.345726,
155 "sub":[
156 {
157 "sector":"UTILITIES",
158 "weight":1.345726
159 }
160 ]
161 }
162]
163out = [{'n': k,
164 'v': v['weight'].sum(),
165 'sub': v.groupby('industry__description')['weight']
166 .sum()
167 .sort_values()
168 .rename_axis('n')
169 .reset_index(name='v')
170 .to_dict(orient='records')}
171 for k, v in df.groupby('sector__description')]
172
173print (out)
174
QUESTION
flattern nested list with uneven column numbers into data frame in R
Asked 2022-Feb-08 at 00:04I face a challenge of binding a nested list into a dataframe for processing.
Edit: here below is the example of original nested data before I tried to flat them.
1list(list(list(url = "https://lda.senate.gov/api/v1/filings/5e4bbd96-db94-4ea3-a310-7a7fb1e93fff/",
2 filing_uuid = "5e4bbd96-db94-4ea3-a310-7a7fb1e93fff", filing_type = "Q1",
3 filing_type_display = "1st Quarter - Report", filing_year = 2021L,
4 filing_period = "first_quarter", filing_period_display = "1st Quarter (Jan 1 - Mar 31)",
5 filing_document_url = "https://lda.senate.gov/filings/public/filing/5e4bbd96-db94-4ea3-a310-7a7fb1e93fff/print/",
6 filing_document_content_type = "text/html", income = "15000.00",
7 expenses = NULL, expenses_method = NULL, expenses_method_display = NULL,
8 posted_by_name = "Christian Smith", dt_posted = "2021-04-30T10:20:59.217000-04:00",
9 termination_date = NULL, registrant = list(id = 8214L, url = "https://lda.senate.gov/api/v1/registrants/8214/",
10 house_registrant_id = 31113L, name = "CAPSTONE NATIONAL PARTNERS",
11 description = "public affairs", address_1 = "501 Capitol Court NE",
12 address_2 = "Suite 100", address_3 = NULL, address_4 = NULL,
13 city = "Washington", state = "DC", state_display = "District of Columbia",
14 zip = "20002", country = "US", country_display = "United States of America",
15 ppb_country = "US", ppb_country_display = "United States of America",
16 contact_name = "", contact_telephone = "", dt_updated = "2022-01-13T14:47:31.828778-05:00"),
17 client = list(id = 111342L, url = "https://lda.senate.gov/api/v1/clients/111342/",
18 client_id = 303L, name = "OSHKOSH CORPORATION", general_description = "manufacturing",
19 client_government_entity = FALSE, client_self_select = NULL,
20 state = "WI", state_display = "Wisconsin", country = "US",
21 country_display = "United States of America", ppb_state = "WI",
22 ppb_state_display = "Wisconsin", ppb_country = "US",
23 ppb_country_display = "United States of America", effective_date = "2016-04-01"),
24 lobbying_activities = list(list(general_issue_code = "BUD",
25 general_issue_code_display = "Budget/Appropriations",
26 description = "FY22 Appropriations", foreign_entity_issues = "",
27 lobbyists = list(list(lobbyist = list(id = 63767L, prefix = NULL,
28 prefix_display = NULL, first_name = "WILLIAM", nickname = NULL,
29 middle_name = NULL, last_name = "STONE", suffix = NULL,
30 suffix_display = NULL), covered_position = "Chief of Staff, Dave Obey: House Appropriations Committee",
31 new = FALSE)), government_entities = list(list(id = 2L,
32 name = "HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES"), list(id = 1L,
33 name = "SENATE")))), conviction_disclosures = list(),
34 foreign_entities = list(), affiliated_organizations = list())),
35 list(list(url = "https://lda.senate.gov/api/v1/filings/177b995a-3be2-4127-b962-795e76974617/",
36 filing_uuid = "177b995a-3be2-4127-b962-795e76974617",
37 filing_type = "Q1", filing_type_display = "1st Quarter - Report",
38 filing_year = 2021L, filing_period = "first_quarter",
39 filing_period_display = "1st Quarter (Jan 1 - Mar 31)",
40 filing_document_url = "https://lda.senate.gov/filings/public/filing/177b995a-3be2-4127-b962-795e76974617/print/",
41 filing_document_content_type = "text/html", income = "22500.00",
42 expenses = NULL, expenses_method = NULL, expenses_method_display = NULL,
43 posted_by_name = "Doyce Boesch", dt_posted = "2021-04-30T11:22:12.233000-04:00",
44 termination_date = NULL, registrant = list(id = 400677020L,
45 url = "https://lda.senate.gov/api/v1/registrants/400677020/",
46 house_registrant_id = NULL, name = "MR. DOYCE BOESCH",
47 description = "Government Relations", address_1 = "4515 W Street NW",
48 address_2 = NULL, address_3 = NULL, address_4 = NULL,
49 city = "Washington", state = "DC", state_display = "District of Columbia",
50 zip = "20007", country = "US", country_display = "United States of America",
51 ppb_country = "US", ppb_country_display = "United States of America",
52 contact_name = "DOYCE BOESCH", contact_telephone = "+1 202-731-9995",
53 dt_updated = "2022-01-13T14:59:12.412096-05:00"),
54 client = list(id = 194057L, url = "https://lda.senate.gov/api/v1/clients/194057/",
55 client_id = 75L, name = "INVESTMENT COMPANY INSTITUTE",
56 general_description = "Stock Market and Financial Services",
57 client_government_entity = FALSE, client_self_select = FALSE,
58 state = "DC", state_display = "District of Columbia",
59 country = "US", country_display = "United States of America",
60 ppb_state = NULL, ppb_state_display = NULL, ppb_country = "US",
61 ppb_country_display = "United States of America",
62 effective_date = "2012-07-01"), lobbying_activities = list(
63 list(general_issue_code = "FIN", general_issue_code_display = "Financial Institutions/Investments/Securities",
64 description = "providing awareness of members positions",
65 foreign_entity_issues = "", lobbyists = list(
66 list(lobbyist = list(id = 52828L, prefix = NULL,
67 prefix_display = NULL, first_name = "DOYCE",
68 nickname = NULL, middle_name = NULL, last_name = "BOESCH",
69 suffix = NULL, suffix_display = NULL), covered_position = NULL,
70 new = FALSE)), government_entities = list(
71 list(id = 2L, name = "HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES"),
72 list(id = 1L, name = "SENATE")))), conviction_disclosures = list(),
73 foreign_entities = list(), affiliated_organizations = list())))
74
So taking this highly nested data, call it
1list(list(list(url = "https://lda.senate.gov/api/v1/filings/5e4bbd96-db94-4ea3-a310-7a7fb1e93fff/",
2 filing_uuid = "5e4bbd96-db94-4ea3-a310-7a7fb1e93fff", filing_type = "Q1",
3 filing_type_display = "1st Quarter - Report", filing_year = 2021L,
4 filing_period = "first_quarter", filing_period_display = "1st Quarter (Jan 1 - Mar 31)",
5 filing_document_url = "https://lda.senate.gov/filings/public/filing/5e4bbd96-db94-4ea3-a310-7a7fb1e93fff/print/",
6 filing_document_content_type = "text/html", income = "15000.00",
7 expenses = NULL, expenses_method = NULL, expenses_method_display = NULL,
8 posted_by_name = "Christian Smith", dt_posted = "2021-04-30T10:20:59.217000-04:00",
9 termination_date = NULL, registrant = list(id = 8214L, url = "https://lda.senate.gov/api/v1/registrants/8214/",
10 house_registrant_id = 31113L, name = "CAPSTONE NATIONAL PARTNERS",
11 description = "public affairs", address_1 = "501 Capitol Court NE",
12 address_2 = "Suite 100", address_3 = NULL, address_4 = NULL,
13 city = "Washington", state = "DC", state_display = "District of Columbia",
14 zip = "20002", country = "US", country_display = "United States of America",
15 ppb_country = "US", ppb_country_display = "United States of America",
16 contact_name = "", contact_telephone = "", dt_updated = "2022-01-13T14:47:31.828778-05:00"),
17 client = list(id = 111342L, url = "https://lda.senate.gov/api/v1/clients/111342/",
18 client_id = 303L, name = "OSHKOSH CORPORATION", general_description = "manufacturing",
19 client_government_entity = FALSE, client_self_select = NULL,
20 state = "WI", state_display = "Wisconsin", country = "US",
21 country_display = "United States of America", ppb_state = "WI",
22 ppb_state_display = "Wisconsin", ppb_country = "US",
23 ppb_country_display = "United States of America", effective_date = "2016-04-01"),
24 lobbying_activities = list(list(general_issue_code = "BUD",
25 general_issue_code_display = "Budget/Appropriations",
26 description = "FY22 Appropriations", foreign_entity_issues = "",
27 lobbyists = list(list(lobbyist = list(id = 63767L, prefix = NULL,
28 prefix_display = NULL, first_name = "WILLIAM", nickname = NULL,
29 middle_name = NULL, last_name = "STONE", suffix = NULL,
30 suffix_display = NULL), covered_position = "Chief of Staff, Dave Obey: House Appropriations Committee",
31 new = FALSE)), government_entities = list(list(id = 2L,
32 name = "HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES"), list(id = 1L,
33 name = "SENATE")))), conviction_disclosures = list(),
34 foreign_entities = list(), affiliated_organizations = list())),
35 list(list(url = "https://lda.senate.gov/api/v1/filings/177b995a-3be2-4127-b962-795e76974617/",
36 filing_uuid = "177b995a-3be2-4127-b962-795e76974617",
37 filing_type = "Q1", filing_type_display = "1st Quarter - Report",
38 filing_year = 2021L, filing_period = "first_quarter",
39 filing_period_display = "1st Quarter (Jan 1 - Mar 31)",
40 filing_document_url = "https://lda.senate.gov/filings/public/filing/177b995a-3be2-4127-b962-795e76974617/print/",
41 filing_document_content_type = "text/html", income = "22500.00",
42 expenses = NULL, expenses_method = NULL, expenses_method_display = NULL,
43 posted_by_name = "Doyce Boesch", dt_posted = "2021-04-30T11:22:12.233000-04:00",
44 termination_date = NULL, registrant = list(id = 400677020L,
45 url = "https://lda.senate.gov/api/v1/registrants/400677020/",
46 house_registrant_id = NULL, name = "MR. DOYCE BOESCH",
47 description = "Government Relations", address_1 = "4515 W Street NW",
48 address_2 = NULL, address_3 = NULL, address_4 = NULL,
49 city = "Washington", state = "DC", state_display = "District of Columbia",
50 zip = "20007", country = "US", country_display = "United States of America",
51 ppb_country = "US", ppb_country_display = "United States of America",
52 contact_name = "DOYCE BOESCH", contact_telephone = "+1 202-731-9995",
53 dt_updated = "2022-01-13T14:59:12.412096-05:00"),
54 client = list(id = 194057L, url = "https://lda.senate.gov/api/v1/clients/194057/",
55 client_id = 75L, name = "INVESTMENT COMPANY INSTITUTE",
56 general_description = "Stock Market and Financial Services",
57 client_government_entity = FALSE, client_self_select = FALSE,
58 state = "DC", state_display = "District of Columbia",
59 country = "US", country_display = "United States of America",
60 ppb_state = NULL, ppb_state_display = NULL, ppb_country = "US",
61 ppb_country_display = "United States of America",
62 effective_date = "2012-07-01"), lobbying_activities = list(
63 list(general_issue_code = "FIN", general_issue_code_display = "Financial Institutions/Investments/Securities",
64 description = "providing awareness of members positions",
65 foreign_entity_issues = "", lobbyists = list(
66 list(lobbyist = list(id = 52828L, prefix = NULL,
67 prefix_display = NULL, first_name = "DOYCE",
68 nickname = NULL, middle_name = NULL, last_name = "BOESCH",
69 suffix = NULL, suffix_display = NULL), covered_position = NULL,
70 new = FALSE)), government_entities = list(
71 list(id = 2L, name = "HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES"),
72 list(id = 1L, name = "SENATE")))), conviction_disclosures = list(),
73 foreign_entities = list(), affiliated_organizations = list())))
74my.data
75
then I tried to flatten it by
1list(list(list(url = "https://lda.senate.gov/api/v1/filings/5e4bbd96-db94-4ea3-a310-7a7fb1e93fff/",
2 filing_uuid = "5e4bbd96-db94-4ea3-a310-7a7fb1e93fff", filing_type = "Q1",
3 filing_type_display = "1st Quarter - Report", filing_year = 2021L,
4 filing_period = "first_quarter", filing_period_display = "1st Quarter (Jan 1 - Mar 31)",
5 filing_document_url = "https://lda.senate.gov/filings/public/filing/5e4bbd96-db94-4ea3-a310-7a7fb1e93fff/print/",
6 filing_document_content_type = "text/html", income = "15000.00",
7 expenses = NULL, expenses_method = NULL, expenses_method_display = NULL,
8 posted_by_name = "Christian Smith", dt_posted = "2021-04-30T10:20:59.217000-04:00",
9 termination_date = NULL, registrant = list(id = 8214L, url = "https://lda.senate.gov/api/v1/registrants/8214/",
10 house_registrant_id = 31113L, name = "CAPSTONE NATIONAL PARTNERS",
11 description = "public affairs", address_1 = "501 Capitol Court NE",
12 address_2 = "Suite 100", address_3 = NULL, address_4 = NULL,
13 city = "Washington", state = "DC", state_display = "District of Columbia",
14 zip = "20002", country = "US", country_display = "United States of America",
15 ppb_country = "US", ppb_country_display = "United States of America",
16 contact_name = "", contact_telephone = "", dt_updated = "2022-01-13T14:47:31.828778-05:00"),
17 client = list(id = 111342L, url = "https://lda.senate.gov/api/v1/clients/111342/",
18 client_id = 303L, name = "OSHKOSH CORPORATION", general_description = "manufacturing",
19 client_government_entity = FALSE, client_self_select = NULL,
20 state = "WI", state_display = "Wisconsin", country = "US",
21 country_display = "United States of America", ppb_state = "WI",
22 ppb_state_display = "Wisconsin", ppb_country = "US",
23 ppb_country_display = "United States of America", effective_date = "2016-04-01"),
24 lobbying_activities = list(list(general_issue_code = "BUD",
25 general_issue_code_display = "Budget/Appropriations",
26 description = "FY22 Appropriations", foreign_entity_issues = "",
27 lobbyists = list(list(lobbyist = list(id = 63767L, prefix = NULL,
28 prefix_display = NULL, first_name = "WILLIAM", nickname = NULL,
29 middle_name = NULL, last_name = "STONE", suffix = NULL,
30 suffix_display = NULL), covered_position = "Chief of Staff, Dave Obey: House Appropriations Committee",
31 new = FALSE)), government_entities = list(list(id = 2L,
32 name = "HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES"), list(id = 1L,
33 name = "SENATE")))), conviction_disclosures = list(),
34 foreign_entities = list(), affiliated_organizations = list())),
35 list(list(url = "https://lda.senate.gov/api/v1/filings/177b995a-3be2-4127-b962-795e76974617/",
36 filing_uuid = "177b995a-3be2-4127-b962-795e76974617",
37 filing_type = "Q1", filing_type_display = "1st Quarter - Report",
38 filing_year = 2021L, filing_period = "first_quarter",
39 filing_period_display = "1st Quarter (Jan 1 - Mar 31)",
40 filing_document_url = "https://lda.senate.gov/filings/public/filing/177b995a-3be2-4127-b962-795e76974617/print/",
41 filing_document_content_type = "text/html", income = "22500.00",
42 expenses = NULL, expenses_method = NULL, expenses_method_display = NULL,
43 posted_by_name = "Doyce Boesch", dt_posted = "2021-04-30T11:22:12.233000-04:00",
44 termination_date = NULL, registrant = list(id = 400677020L,
45 url = "https://lda.senate.gov/api/v1/registrants/400677020/",
46 house_registrant_id = NULL, name = "MR. DOYCE BOESCH",
47 description = "Government Relations", address_1 = "4515 W Street NW",
48 address_2 = NULL, address_3 = NULL, address_4 = NULL,
49 city = "Washington", state = "DC", state_display = "District of Columbia",
50 zip = "20007", country = "US", country_display = "United States of America",
51 ppb_country = "US", ppb_country_display = "United States of America",
52 contact_name = "DOYCE BOESCH", contact_telephone = "+1 202-731-9995",
53 dt_updated = "2022-01-13T14:59:12.412096-05:00"),
54 client = list(id = 194057L, url = "https://lda.senate.gov/api/v1/clients/194057/",
55 client_id = 75L, name = "INVESTMENT COMPANY INSTITUTE",
56 general_description = "Stock Market and Financial Services",
57 client_government_entity = FALSE, client_self_select = FALSE,
58 state = "DC", state_display = "District of Columbia",
59 country = "US", country_display = "United States of America",
60 ppb_state = NULL, ppb_state_display = NULL, ppb_country = "US",
61 ppb_country_display = "United States of America",
62 effective_date = "2012-07-01"), lobbying_activities = list(
63 list(general_issue_code = "FIN", general_issue_code_display = "Financial Institutions/Investments/Securities",
64 description = "providing awareness of members positions",
65 foreign_entity_issues = "", lobbyists = list(
66 list(lobbyist = list(id = 52828L, prefix = NULL,
67 prefix_display = NULL, first_name = "DOYCE",
68 nickname = NULL, middle_name = NULL, last_name = "BOESCH",
69 suffix = NULL, suffix_display = NULL), covered_position = NULL,
70 new = FALSE)), government_entities = list(
71 list(id = 2L, name = "HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES"),
72 list(id = 1L, name = "SENATE")))), conviction_disclosures = list(),
73 foreign_entities = list(), affiliated_organizations = list())))
74my.data
75flat.df <- lapply(my.data, function(i) list(unlist(i, recursive = F)))
76
it sort of worked, but still each element in the flat.df list still have multiple sublists, for example "lobbying_activities", "lobbyists". And they are not expaned(I want the information inside).
But if I set recursive to "TRUE", then the flattened list have duplicated columns and most frustratingly I see some columns got lumped together (for example people's name got into expense column)
Ideally I want to flat such sublists in each table and make the whole thing in one table. Then join them into a dataframe by
1list(list(list(url = "https://lda.senate.gov/api/v1/filings/5e4bbd96-db94-4ea3-a310-7a7fb1e93fff/",
2 filing_uuid = "5e4bbd96-db94-4ea3-a310-7a7fb1e93fff", filing_type = "Q1",
3 filing_type_display = "1st Quarter - Report", filing_year = 2021L,
4 filing_period = "first_quarter", filing_period_display = "1st Quarter (Jan 1 - Mar 31)",
5 filing_document_url = "https://lda.senate.gov/filings/public/filing/5e4bbd96-db94-4ea3-a310-7a7fb1e93fff/print/",
6 filing_document_content_type = "text/html", income = "15000.00",
7 expenses = NULL, expenses_method = NULL, expenses_method_display = NULL,
8 posted_by_name = "Christian Smith", dt_posted = "2021-04-30T10:20:59.217000-04:00",
9 termination_date = NULL, registrant = list(id = 8214L, url = "https://lda.senate.gov/api/v1/registrants/8214/",
10 house_registrant_id = 31113L, name = "CAPSTONE NATIONAL PARTNERS",
11 description = "public affairs", address_1 = "501 Capitol Court NE",
12 address_2 = "Suite 100", address_3 = NULL, address_4 = NULL,
13 city = "Washington", state = "DC", state_display = "District of Columbia",
14 zip = "20002", country = "US", country_display = "United States of America",
15 ppb_country = "US", ppb_country_display = "United States of America",
16 contact_name = "", contact_telephone = "", dt_updated = "2022-01-13T14:47:31.828778-05:00"),
17 client = list(id = 111342L, url = "https://lda.senate.gov/api/v1/clients/111342/",
18 client_id = 303L, name = "OSHKOSH CORPORATION", general_description = "manufacturing",
19 client_government_entity = FALSE, client_self_select = NULL,
20 state = "WI", state_display = "Wisconsin", country = "US",
21 country_display = "United States of America", ppb_state = "WI",
22 ppb_state_display = "Wisconsin", ppb_country = "US",
23 ppb_country_display = "United States of America", effective_date = "2016-04-01"),
24 lobbying_activities = list(list(general_issue_code = "BUD",
25 general_issue_code_display = "Budget/Appropriations",
26 description = "FY22 Appropriations", foreign_entity_issues = "",
27 lobbyists = list(list(lobbyist = list(id = 63767L, prefix = NULL,
28 prefix_display = NULL, first_name = "WILLIAM", nickname = NULL,
29 middle_name = NULL, last_name = "STONE", suffix = NULL,
30 suffix_display = NULL), covered_position = "Chief of Staff, Dave Obey: House Appropriations Committee",
31 new = FALSE)), government_entities = list(list(id = 2L,
32 name = "HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES"), list(id = 1L,
33 name = "SENATE")))), conviction_disclosures = list(),
34 foreign_entities = list(), affiliated_organizations = list())),
35 list(list(url = "https://lda.senate.gov/api/v1/filings/177b995a-3be2-4127-b962-795e76974617/",
36 filing_uuid = "177b995a-3be2-4127-b962-795e76974617",
37 filing_type = "Q1", filing_type_display = "1st Quarter - Report",
38 filing_year = 2021L, filing_period = "first_quarter",
39 filing_period_display = "1st Quarter (Jan 1 - Mar 31)",
40 filing_document_url = "https://lda.senate.gov/filings/public/filing/177b995a-3be2-4127-b962-795e76974617/print/",
41 filing_document_content_type = "text/html", income = "22500.00",
42 expenses = NULL, expenses_method = NULL, expenses_method_display = NULL,
43 posted_by_name = "Doyce Boesch", dt_posted = "2021-04-30T11:22:12.233000-04:00",
44 termination_date = NULL, registrant = list(id = 400677020L,
45 url = "https://lda.senate.gov/api/v1/registrants/400677020/",
46 house_registrant_id = NULL, name = "MR. DOYCE BOESCH",
47 description = "Government Relations", address_1 = "4515 W Street NW",
48 address_2 = NULL, address_3 = NULL, address_4 = NULL,
49 city = "Washington", state = "DC", state_display = "District of Columbia",
50 zip = "20007", country = "US", country_display = "United States of America",
51 ppb_country = "US", ppb_country_display = "United States of America",
52 contact_name = "DOYCE BOESCH", contact_telephone = "+1 202-731-9995",
53 dt_updated = "2022-01-13T14:59:12.412096-05:00"),
54 client = list(id = 194057L, url = "https://lda.senate.gov/api/v1/clients/194057/",
55 client_id = 75L, name = "INVESTMENT COMPANY INSTITUTE",
56 general_description = "Stock Market and Financial Services",
57 client_government_entity = FALSE, client_self_select = FALSE,
58 state = "DC", state_display = "District of Columbia",
59 country = "US", country_display = "United States of America",
60 ppb_state = NULL, ppb_state_display = NULL, ppb_country = "US",
61 ppb_country_display = "United States of America",
62 effective_date = "2012-07-01"), lobbying_activities = list(
63 list(general_issue_code = "FIN", general_issue_code_display = "Financial Institutions/Investments/Securities",
64 description = "providing awareness of members positions",
65 foreign_entity_issues = "", lobbyists = list(
66 list(lobbyist = list(id = 52828L, prefix = NULL,
67 prefix_display = NULL, first_name = "DOYCE",
68 nickname = NULL, middle_name = NULL, last_name = "BOESCH",
69 suffix = NULL, suffix_display = NULL), covered_position = NULL,
70 new = FALSE)), government_entities = list(
71 list(id = 2L, name = "HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES"),
72 list(id = 1L, name = "SENATE")))), conviction_disclosures = list(),
73 foreign_entities = list(), affiliated_organizations = list())))
74my.data
75flat.df <- lapply(my.data, function(i) list(unlist(i, recursive = F)))
76df<- as.data.frame(do.call("rbind", flat.df))
77
ANSWER
Answered 2022-Feb-07 at 15:19tibble
s are a nice format, as they support nested data.frames. I would aim for a tibble with 2 rows, a wide format. In it, each nested list element would be its own data.frame, which we could manipulate later when needed. I would do something like this:
1list(list(list(url = "https://lda.senate.gov/api/v1/filings/5e4bbd96-db94-4ea3-a310-7a7fb1e93fff/",
2 filing_uuid = "5e4bbd96-db94-4ea3-a310-7a7fb1e93fff", filing_type = "Q1",
3 filing_type_display = "1st Quarter - Report", filing_year = 2021L,
4 filing_period = "first_quarter", filing_period_display = "1st Quarter (Jan 1 - Mar 31)",
5 filing_document_url = "https://lda.senate.gov/filings/public/filing/5e4bbd96-db94-4ea3-a310-7a7fb1e93fff/print/",
6 filing_document_content_type = "text/html", income = "15000.00",
7 expenses = NULL, expenses_method = NULL, expenses_method_display = NULL,
8 posted_by_name = "Christian Smith", dt_posted = "2021-04-30T10:20:59.217000-04:00",
9 termination_date = NULL, registrant = list(id = 8214L, url = "https://lda.senate.gov/api/v1/registrants/8214/",
10 house_registrant_id = 31113L, name = "CAPSTONE NATIONAL PARTNERS",
11 description = "public affairs", address_1 = "501 Capitol Court NE",
12 address_2 = "Suite 100", address_3 = NULL, address_4 = NULL,
13 city = "Washington", state = "DC", state_display = "District of Columbia",
14 zip = "20002", country = "US", country_display = "United States of America",
15 ppb_country = "US", ppb_country_display = "United States of America",
16 contact_name = "", contact_telephone = "", dt_updated = "2022-01-13T14:47:31.828778-05:00"),
17 client = list(id = 111342L, url = "https://lda.senate.gov/api/v1/clients/111342/",
18 client_id = 303L, name = "OSHKOSH CORPORATION", general_description = "manufacturing",
19 client_government_entity = FALSE, client_self_select = NULL,
20 state = "WI", state_display = "Wisconsin", country = "US",
21 country_display = "United States of America", ppb_state = "WI",
22 ppb_state_display = "Wisconsin", ppb_country = "US",
23 ppb_country_display = "United States of America", effective_date = "2016-04-01"),
24 lobbying_activities = list(list(general_issue_code = "BUD",
25 general_issue_code_display = "Budget/Appropriations",
26 description = "FY22 Appropriations", foreign_entity_issues = "",
27 lobbyists = list(list(lobbyist = list(id = 63767L, prefix = NULL,
28 prefix_display = NULL, first_name = "WILLIAM", nickname = NULL,
29 middle_name = NULL, last_name = "STONE", suffix = NULL,
30 suffix_display = NULL), covered_position = "Chief of Staff, Dave Obey: House Appropriations Committee",
31 new = FALSE)), government_entities = list(list(id = 2L,
32 name = "HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES"), list(id = 1L,
33 name = "SENATE")))), conviction_disclosures = list(),
34 foreign_entities = list(), affiliated_organizations = list())),
35 list(list(url = "https://lda.senate.gov/api/v1/filings/177b995a-3be2-4127-b962-795e76974617/",
36 filing_uuid = "177b995a-3be2-4127-b962-795e76974617",
37 filing_type = "Q1", filing_type_display = "1st Quarter - Report",
38 filing_year = 2021L, filing_period = "first_quarter",
39 filing_period_display = "1st Quarter (Jan 1 - Mar 31)",
40 filing_document_url = "https://lda.senate.gov/filings/public/filing/177b995a-3be2-4127-b962-795e76974617/print/",
41 filing_document_content_type = "text/html", income = "22500.00",
42 expenses = NULL, expenses_method = NULL, expenses_method_display = NULL,
43 posted_by_name = "Doyce Boesch", dt_posted = "2021-04-30T11:22:12.233000-04:00",
44 termination_date = NULL, registrant = list(id = 400677020L,
45 url = "https://lda.senate.gov/api/v1/registrants/400677020/",
46 house_registrant_id = NULL, name = "MR. DOYCE BOESCH",
47 description = "Government Relations", address_1 = "4515 W Street NW",
48 address_2 = NULL, address_3 = NULL, address_4 = NULL,
49 city = "Washington", state = "DC", state_display = "District of Columbia",
50 zip = "20007", country = "US", country_display = "United States of America",
51 ppb_country = "US", ppb_country_display = "United States of America",
52 contact_name = "DOYCE BOESCH", contact_telephone = "+1 202-731-9995",
53 dt_updated = "2022-01-13T14:59:12.412096-05:00"),
54 client = list(id = 194057L, url = "https://lda.senate.gov/api/v1/clients/194057/",
55 client_id = 75L, name = "INVESTMENT COMPANY INSTITUTE",
56 general_description = "Stock Market and Financial Services",
57 client_government_entity = FALSE, client_self_select = FALSE,
58 state = "DC", state_display = "District of Columbia",
59 country = "US", country_display = "United States of America",
60 ppb_state = NULL, ppb_state_display = NULL, ppb_country = "US",
61 ppb_country_display = "United States of America",
62 effective_date = "2012-07-01"), lobbying_activities = list(
63 list(general_issue_code = "FIN", general_issue_code_display = "Financial Institutions/Investments/Securities",
64 description = "providing awareness of members positions",
65 foreign_entity_issues = "", lobbyists = list(
66 list(lobbyist = list(id = 52828L, prefix = NULL,
67 prefix_display = NULL, first_name = "DOYCE",
68 nickname = NULL, middle_name = NULL, last_name = "BOESCH",
69 suffix = NULL, suffix_display = NULL), covered_position = NULL,
70 new = FALSE)), government_entities = list(
71 list(id = 2L, name = "HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES"),
72 list(id = 1L, name = "SENATE")))), conviction_disclosures = list(),
73 foreign_entities = list(), affiliated_organizations = list())))
74my.data
75flat.df <- lapply(my.data, function(i) list(unlist(i, recursive = F)))
76df<- as.data.frame(do.call("rbind", flat.df))
77library(tidyverse)
78l = unlist(l, recursive = F)
79ind_to_nest <- which(map_lgl(l[[1]], is.list))
80non_tbl <- map(l, ~ .x[-ind_to_nest])
81tbl <- map(l, ~ .x[ind_to_nest])
82
83df <- bind_rows(non_tbl) %>%
84 mutate(n = 1:n(), .before = 1) %>%
85 mutate(data = map(tbl, ~ map(.x, ~flatten(.x) %>% bind_cols))) %>%
86 unnest_wider(data, simplify = F)
87
Note that this does throw a bunch of warnings. This is because of the name conflicts present within the list.
1list(list(list(url = "https://lda.senate.gov/api/v1/filings/5e4bbd96-db94-4ea3-a310-7a7fb1e93fff/",
2 filing_uuid = "5e4bbd96-db94-4ea3-a310-7a7fb1e93fff", filing_type = "Q1",
3 filing_type_display = "1st Quarter - Report", filing_year = 2021L,
4 filing_period = "first_quarter", filing_period_display = "1st Quarter (Jan 1 - Mar 31)",
5 filing_document_url = "https://lda.senate.gov/filings/public/filing/5e4bbd96-db94-4ea3-a310-7a7fb1e93fff/print/",
6 filing_document_content_type = "text/html", income = "15000.00",
7 expenses = NULL, expenses_method = NULL, expenses_method_display = NULL,
8 posted_by_name = "Christian Smith", dt_posted = "2021-04-30T10:20:59.217000-04:00",
9 termination_date = NULL, registrant = list(id = 8214L, url = "https://lda.senate.gov/api/v1/registrants/8214/",
10 house_registrant_id = 31113L, name = "CAPSTONE NATIONAL PARTNERS",
11 description = "public affairs", address_1 = "501 Capitol Court NE",
12 address_2 = "Suite 100", address_3 = NULL, address_4 = NULL,
13 city = "Washington", state = "DC", state_display = "District of Columbia",
14 zip = "20002", country = "US", country_display = "United States of America",
15 ppb_country = "US", ppb_country_display = "United States of America",
16 contact_name = "", contact_telephone = "", dt_updated = "2022-01-13T14:47:31.828778-05:00"),
17 client = list(id = 111342L, url = "https://lda.senate.gov/api/v1/clients/111342/",
18 client_id = 303L, name = "OSHKOSH CORPORATION", general_description = "manufacturing",
19 client_government_entity = FALSE, client_self_select = NULL,
20 state = "WI", state_display = "Wisconsin", country = "US",
21 country_display = "United States of America", ppb_state = "WI",
22 ppb_state_display = "Wisconsin", ppb_country = "US",
23 ppb_country_display = "United States of America", effective_date = "2016-04-01"),
24 lobbying_activities = list(list(general_issue_code = "BUD",
25 general_issue_code_display = "Budget/Appropriations",
26 description = "FY22 Appropriations", foreign_entity_issues = "",
27 lobbyists = list(list(lobbyist = list(id = 63767L, prefix = NULL,
28 prefix_display = NULL, first_name = "WILLIAM", nickname = NULL,
29 middle_name = NULL, last_name = "STONE", suffix = NULL,
30 suffix_display = NULL), covered_position = "Chief of Staff, Dave Obey: House Appropriations Committee",
31 new = FALSE)), government_entities = list(list(id = 2L,
32 name = "HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES"), list(id = 1L,
33 name = "SENATE")))), conviction_disclosures = list(),
34 foreign_entities = list(), affiliated_organizations = list())),
35 list(list(url = "https://lda.senate.gov/api/v1/filings/177b995a-3be2-4127-b962-795e76974617/",
36 filing_uuid = "177b995a-3be2-4127-b962-795e76974617",
37 filing_type = "Q1", filing_type_display = "1st Quarter - Report",
38 filing_year = 2021L, filing_period = "first_quarter",
39 filing_period_display = "1st Quarter (Jan 1 - Mar 31)",
40 filing_document_url = "https://lda.senate.gov/filings/public/filing/177b995a-3be2-4127-b962-795e76974617/print/",
41 filing_document_content_type = "text/html", income = "22500.00",
42 expenses = NULL, expenses_method = NULL, expenses_method_display = NULL,
43 posted_by_name = "Doyce Boesch", dt_posted = "2021-04-30T11:22:12.233000-04:00",
44 termination_date = NULL, registrant = list(id = 400677020L,
45 url = "https://lda.senate.gov/api/v1/registrants/400677020/",
46 house_registrant_id = NULL, name = "MR. DOYCE BOESCH",
47 description = "Government Relations", address_1 = "4515 W Street NW",
48 address_2 = NULL, address_3 = NULL, address_4 = NULL,
49 city = "Washington", state = "DC", state_display = "District of Columbia",
50 zip = "20007", country = "US", country_display = "United States of America",
51 ppb_country = "US", ppb_country_display = "United States of America",
52 contact_name = "DOYCE BOESCH", contact_telephone = "+1 202-731-9995",
53 dt_updated = "2022-01-13T14:59:12.412096-05:00"),
54 client = list(id = 194057L, url = "https://lda.senate.gov/api/v1/clients/194057/",
55 client_id = 75L, name = "INVESTMENT COMPANY INSTITUTE",
56 general_description = "Stock Market and Financial Services",
57 client_government_entity = FALSE, client_self_select = FALSE,
58 state = "DC", state_display = "District of Columbia",
59 country = "US", country_display = "United States of America",
60 ppb_state = NULL, ppb_state_display = NULL, ppb_country = "US",
61 ppb_country_display = "United States of America",
62 effective_date = "2012-07-01"), lobbying_activities = list(
63 list(general_issue_code = "FIN", general_issue_code_display = "Financial Institutions/Investments/Securities",
64 description = "providing awareness of members positions",
65 foreign_entity_issues = "", lobbyists = list(
66 list(lobbyist = list(id = 52828L, prefix = NULL,
67 prefix_display = NULL, first_name = "DOYCE",
68 nickname = NULL, middle_name = NULL, last_name = "BOESCH",
69 suffix = NULL, suffix_display = NULL), covered_position = NULL,
70 new = FALSE)), government_entities = list(
71 list(id = 2L, name = "HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES"),
72 list(id = 1L, name = "SENATE")))), conviction_disclosures = list(),
73 foreign_entities = list(), affiliated_organizations = list())))
74my.data
75flat.df <- lapply(my.data, function(i) list(unlist(i, recursive = F)))
76df<- as.data.frame(do.call("rbind", flat.df))
77library(tidyverse)
78l = unlist(l, recursive = F)
79ind_to_nest <- which(map_lgl(l[[1]], is.list))
80non_tbl <- map(l, ~ .x[-ind_to_nest])
81tbl <- map(l, ~ .x[ind_to_nest])
82
83df <- bind_rows(non_tbl) %>%
84 mutate(n = 1:n(), .before = 1) %>%
85 mutate(data = map(tbl, ~ map(.x, ~flatten(.x) %>% bind_cols))) %>%
86 unnest_wider(data, simplify = F)
87#> New names:
88#> * id -> id...5
89#> * id -> id...10
90
Can be resolved by specifying a naming policy, or by rethinking how the data is read into R to resolve naming conflicts early.
1list(list(list(url = "https://lda.senate.gov/api/v1/filings/5e4bbd96-db94-4ea3-a310-7a7fb1e93fff/",
2 filing_uuid = "5e4bbd96-db94-4ea3-a310-7a7fb1e93fff", filing_type = "Q1",
3 filing_type_display = "1st Quarter - Report", filing_year = 2021L,
4 filing_period = "first_quarter", filing_period_display = "1st Quarter (Jan 1 - Mar 31)",
5 filing_document_url = "https://lda.senate.gov/filings/public/filing/5e4bbd96-db94-4ea3-a310-7a7fb1e93fff/print/",
6 filing_document_content_type = "text/html", income = "15000.00",
7 expenses = NULL, expenses_method = NULL, expenses_method_display = NULL,
8 posted_by_name = "Christian Smith", dt_posted = "2021-04-30T10:20:59.217000-04:00",
9 termination_date = NULL, registrant = list(id = 8214L, url = "https://lda.senate.gov/api/v1/registrants/8214/",
10 house_registrant_id = 31113L, name = "CAPSTONE NATIONAL PARTNERS",
11 description = "public affairs", address_1 = "501 Capitol Court NE",
12 address_2 = "Suite 100", address_3 = NULL, address_4 = NULL,
13 city = "Washington", state = "DC", state_display = "District of Columbia",
14 zip = "20002", country = "US", country_display = "United States of America",
15 ppb_country = "US", ppb_country_display = "United States of America",
16 contact_name = "", contact_telephone = "", dt_updated = "2022-01-13T14:47:31.828778-05:00"),
17 client = list(id = 111342L, url = "https://lda.senate.gov/api/v1/clients/111342/",
18 client_id = 303L, name = "OSHKOSH CORPORATION", general_description = "manufacturing",
19 client_government_entity = FALSE, client_self_select = NULL,
20 state = "WI", state_display = "Wisconsin", country = "US",
21 country_display = "United States of America", ppb_state = "WI",
22 ppb_state_display = "Wisconsin", ppb_country = "US",
23 ppb_country_display = "United States of America", effective_date = "2016-04-01"),
24 lobbying_activities = list(list(general_issue_code = "BUD",
25 general_issue_code_display = "Budget/Appropriations",
26 description = "FY22 Appropriations", foreign_entity_issues = "",
27 lobbyists = list(list(lobbyist = list(id = 63767L, prefix = NULL,
28 prefix_display = NULL, first_name = "WILLIAM", nickname = NULL,
29 middle_name = NULL, last_name = "STONE", suffix = NULL,
30 suffix_display = NULL), covered_position = "Chief of Staff, Dave Obey: House Appropriations Committee",
31 new = FALSE)), government_entities = list(list(id = 2L,
32 name = "HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES"), list(id = 1L,
33 name = "SENATE")))), conviction_disclosures = list(),
34 foreign_entities = list(), affiliated_organizations = list())),
35 list(list(url = "https://lda.senate.gov/api/v1/filings/177b995a-3be2-4127-b962-795e76974617/",
36 filing_uuid = "177b995a-3be2-4127-b962-795e76974617",
37 filing_type = "Q1", filing_type_display = "1st Quarter - Report",
38 filing_year = 2021L, filing_period = "first_quarter",
39 filing_period_display = "1st Quarter (Jan 1 - Mar 31)",
40 filing_document_url = "https://lda.senate.gov/filings/public/filing/177b995a-3be2-4127-b962-795e76974617/print/",
41 filing_document_content_type = "text/html", income = "22500.00",
42 expenses = NULL, expenses_method = NULL, expenses_method_display = NULL,
43 posted_by_name = "Doyce Boesch", dt_posted = "2021-04-30T11:22:12.233000-04:00",
44 termination_date = NULL, registrant = list(id = 400677020L,
45 url = "https://lda.senate.gov/api/v1/registrants/400677020/",
46 house_registrant_id = NULL, name = "MR. DOYCE BOESCH",
47 description = "Government Relations", address_1 = "4515 W Street NW",
48 address_2 = NULL, address_3 = NULL, address_4 = NULL,
49 city = "Washington", state = "DC", state_display = "District of Columbia",
50 zip = "20007", country = "US", country_display = "United States of America",
51 ppb_country = "US", ppb_country_display = "United States of America",
52 contact_name = "DOYCE BOESCH", contact_telephone = "+1 202-731-9995",
53 dt_updated = "2022-01-13T14:59:12.412096-05:00"),
54 client = list(id = 194057L, url = "https://lda.senate.gov/api/v1/clients/194057/",
55 client_id = 75L, name = "INVESTMENT COMPANY INSTITUTE",
56 general_description = "Stock Market and Financial Services",
57 client_government_entity = FALSE, client_self_select = FALSE,
58 state = "DC", state_display = "District of Columbia",
59 country = "US", country_display = "United States of America",
60 ppb_state = NULL, ppb_state_display = NULL, ppb_country = "US",
61 ppb_country_display = "United States of America",
62 effective_date = "2012-07-01"), lobbying_activities = list(
63 list(general_issue_code = "FIN", general_issue_code_display = "Financial Institutions/Investments/Securities",
64 description = "providing awareness of members positions",
65 foreign_entity_issues = "", lobbyists = list(
66 list(lobbyist = list(id = 52828L, prefix = NULL,
67 prefix_display = NULL, first_name = "DOYCE",
68 nickname = NULL, middle_name = NULL, last_name = "BOESCH",
69 suffix = NULL, suffix_display = NULL), covered_position = NULL,
70 new = FALSE)), government_entities = list(
71 list(id = 2L, name = "HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES"),
72 list(id = 1L, name = "SENATE")))), conviction_disclosures = list(),
73 foreign_entities = list(), affiliated_organizations = list())))
74my.data
75flat.df <- lapply(my.data, function(i) list(unlist(i, recursive = F)))
76df<- as.data.frame(do.call("rbind", flat.df))
77library(tidyverse)
78l = unlist(l, recursive = F)
79ind_to_nest <- which(map_lgl(l[[1]], is.list))
80non_tbl <- map(l, ~ .x[-ind_to_nest])
81tbl <- map(l, ~ .x[ind_to_nest])
82
83df <- bind_rows(non_tbl) %>%
84 mutate(n = 1:n(), .before = 1) %>%
85 mutate(data = map(tbl, ~ map(.x, ~flatten(.x) %>% bind_cols))) %>%
86 unnest_wider(data, simplify = F)
87#> New names:
88#> * id -> id...5
89#> * id -> id...10
90#> Outer names are only allowed for unnamed scalar atomic inputs
91
This is a bit tougher to resolve, but this issue is a starting point.
For analysis some cleaning of sub-tibbles can be performed when needed, as different tasks require different shapes.
QUESTION
Weighing/Valuing shared strings using count on text array columns in Postgresql
Asked 2022-Jan-22 at 14:31I'm trying to find matching strings on a table of company data in a PostgreSQL database. I'm using the below query, which works fine for that purpose, but I want to weight some strings. Financial Services for example should be worth 3 "points" instead of a more generic thing like Mobile.
I was able to exclude some result by using the tag != 'Internet' where clause but I cant figure out a way to give extra weight for some strings.
1SELECT
2 count(*)
3FROM (
4 SELECT
5 company_tags.tag
6 FROM
7 unnest(ARRAY ['Internet','Web Services & Apps','Technology','SAAS','Mobile', 'B2C', 'Financial Services']) AS company_tags (tag)
8 WHERE
9 tag != 'Internet'
10 AND tag != 'Web Services & Apps'
11 AND tag != 'Technology'
12 INTERSECT
13 SELECT
14 company_pairing_option_tags.tag
15 FROM
16 unnest(ARRAY ['Internet','Technology','Web Services & Apps','Mobile','B2C', 'Financial Services']) AS company_pairing_option_tags (tag)
17 WHERE
18 tag != 'Internet'
19 AND tag != 'Web Services & Apps'
20 AND tag != 'Technology') AS count;
21
ANSWER
Answered 2022-Jan-22 at 14:31you can replace count(*)
by:
1SELECT
2 count(*)
3FROM (
4 SELECT
5 company_tags.tag
6 FROM
7 unnest(ARRAY ['Internet','Web Services & Apps','Technology','SAAS','Mobile', 'B2C', 'Financial Services']) AS company_tags (tag)
8 WHERE
9 tag != 'Internet'
10 AND tag != 'Web Services & Apps'
11 AND tag != 'Technology'
12 INTERSECT
13 SELECT
14 company_pairing_option_tags.tag
15 FROM
16 unnest(ARRAY ['Internet','Technology','Web Services & Apps','Mobile','B2C', 'Financial Services']) AS company_pairing_option_tags (tag)
17 WHERE
18 tag != 'Internet'
19 AND tag != 'Web Services & Apps'
20 AND tag != 'Technology') AS count;
21sum (
22 case tag
23 when 'Financial Services'
24 then 3
25 when 'other 3 points tag'
26 then 3
27 else 1
28 end)
29
QUESTION
removing commas between numbers and special characters in python
Asked 2022-Jan-12 at 09:25I have a list something like
1['Scottish Investment Trust 2, 220 0.92, Financial Services – 6.97,% 750, 000, Ashmore 2, 554 1.06, 175, 000, Close Brothers 2, 704 1.12, 175, 704 1.12, 750, 000, IG Group 6, 034 2.50']
2
I am trying to remove commas between numbers and % using .replace()
and re.sub()
however it removes commas from all the places.
The list which I am trying to get should look like this.
1['Scottish Investment Trust 2, 220 0.92, Financial Services – 6.97,% 750, 000, Ashmore 2, 554 1.06, 175, 000, Close Brothers 2, 704 1.12, 175, 704 1.12, 750, 000, IG Group 6, 034 2.50']
2['Scottish Investment Trust 2220, 0.92, Financial Services – 6.97% 750000, Ashmore 2554, 1.06, 175000, Close Brothers 2704, 1.12, 175704, 1.12, 750000, IG Group 6034, 2.50']
3
Trying to remove commas using .replace()
however this removes all commas
1['Scottish Investment Trust 2, 220 0.92, Financial Services – 6.97,% 750, 000, Ashmore 2, 554 1.06, 175, 000, Close Brothers 2, 704 1.12, 175, 704 1.12, 750, 000, IG Group 6, 034 2.50']
2['Scottish Investment Trust 2220, 0.92, Financial Services – 6.97% 750000, Ashmore 2554, 1.06, 175000, Close Brothers 2704, 1.12, 175704, 1.12, 750000, IG Group 6034, 2.50']
3list2 = [s.replace(',', '') for s in highlights]
4
Trying to remove commas using re.sub()
however this also removes all commas.
1['Scottish Investment Trust 2, 220 0.92, Financial Services – 6.97,% 750, 000, Ashmore 2, 554 1.06, 175, 000, Close Brothers 2, 704 1.12, 175, 704 1.12, 750, 000, IG Group 6, 034 2.50']
2['Scottish Investment Trust 2220, 0.92, Financial Services – 6.97% 750000, Ashmore 2554, 1.06, 175000, Close Brothers 2704, 1.12, 175704, 1.12, 750000, IG Group 6034, 2.50']
3list2 = [s.replace(',', '') for s in highlights]
4list2 = ''.join(list1)
5list2 = re.sub(',', '',list2)
6
How can it be done? Where exactly Am I making a mistake?
ANSWER
Answered 2022-Jan-12 at 09:25The rules governing the process of getting from A->B are not clearly explained but can possibly be deduced from the sample input/output. This code does achieve that transformation but in the absence of a well-defined specification, it may not work in all cases.
1['Scottish Investment Trust 2, 220 0.92, Financial Services – 6.97,% 750, 000, Ashmore 2, 554 1.06, 175, 000, Close Brothers 2, 704 1.12, 175, 704 1.12, 750, 000, IG Group 6, 034 2.50']
2['Scottish Investment Trust 2220, 0.92, Financial Services – 6.97% 750000, Ashmore 2554, 1.06, 175000, Close Brothers 2704, 1.12, 175704, 1.12, 750000, IG Group 6034, 2.50']
3list2 = [s.replace(',', '') for s in highlights]
4list2 = ''.join(list1)
5list2 = re.sub(',', '',list2)
6ALIST = ['Scottish Investment Trust 2, 220 0.92, Financial Services – 6.97,% 750, 000, Ashmore 2, 554 1.06, 175, 000, Close Brothers 2, 704 1.12, 175, 704 1.12, 750, 000, IG Group 6, 034 2.50']
7OLIST = []
8for s in ALIST:
9 r = []
10 try:
11 token = iter(s.split())
12 while (t := next(token)):
13 if t.endswith(',%'):
14 r.append(t.replace(',', ''))
15 else:
16 if t.endswith(','):
17 try:
18 int(t[:-1])
19 n = next(token)
20 if n.endswith(','):
21 n = n[:-1]
22 t = t[:-1] + n + ','
23 except ValueError:
24 pass
25 r.append(t)
26 except StopIteration:
27 pass
28
29 OLIST.append(' '.join(r))
30print(OLIST)
31
Output:
1['Scottish Investment Trust 2, 220 0.92, Financial Services – 6.97,% 750, 000, Ashmore 2, 554 1.06, 175, 000, Close Brothers 2, 704 1.12, 175, 704 1.12, 750, 000, IG Group 6, 034 2.50']
2['Scottish Investment Trust 2220, 0.92, Financial Services – 6.97% 750000, Ashmore 2554, 1.06, 175000, Close Brothers 2704, 1.12, 175704, 1.12, 750000, IG Group 6034, 2.50']
3list2 = [s.replace(',', '') for s in highlights]
4list2 = ''.join(list1)
5list2 = re.sub(',', '',list2)
6ALIST = ['Scottish Investment Trust 2, 220 0.92, Financial Services – 6.97,% 750, 000, Ashmore 2, 554 1.06, 175, 000, Close Brothers 2, 704 1.12, 175, 704 1.12, 750, 000, IG Group 6, 034 2.50']
7OLIST = []
8for s in ALIST:
9 r = []
10 try:
11 token = iter(s.split())
12 while (t := next(token)):
13 if t.endswith(',%'):
14 r.append(t.replace(',', ''))
15 else:
16 if t.endswith(','):
17 try:
18 int(t[:-1])
19 n = next(token)
20 if n.endswith(','):
21 n = n[:-1]
22 t = t[:-1] + n + ','
23 except ValueError:
24 pass
25 r.append(t)
26 except StopIteration:
27 pass
28
29 OLIST.append(' '.join(r))
30print(OLIST)
31['Scottish Investment Trust 2220, 0.92, Financial Services – 6.97% 750000, Ashmore 2554, 1.06, 175000, Close Brothers 2704, 1.12, 175704, 1.12, 750000, IG Group 6034, 2.50']
32
QUESTION
Keep entry with least missing values for a given observation in dataframe
Asked 2021-Dec-30 at 18:46I have a dataframe that includes US company identifiers (Instrument) as well as the company's Name, ISIN and it's CIK number.
Here is an example of my dataset:
1dict = { "Instrument": ["4295914485", "4295913199", "4295904693", "5039191995", "5039191995"],
2 "Company Name":["Orrstown Financial Services Inc", "Ditech Networks Inc", "Penn Treaty American Corp", "Verb Technology Company Inc", np.nan],
3 "CIK" : ["826154", "1080667", "814181", "1566610", "1622355"],
4 "ISIN" : ["US6873801053", "US25500T1088", "US7078744007", "US92337U1043", np.nan]
5 }
6df = pd.DataFrame(data=dict)
7df
8
In some cases, there is more than one entry for each Instrument as can bee seen at the Instrument 5039191995. In those cases however, most of the time, there is one entry that is "superior" to the other ones in terms of information content.
For example, in the first of the two entries for Instrument 5039191995 there is no information missing, while in the second entry the Company name as well as the ISIN are missing. In this case I only would like to keep the first entry and drop the second one.
Overall Goal: For each entry that has duplicates in terms of the Instrument column, I only want to keep the entry that has the least missing values. If there are duplicates that have the same amount of missing values, all of those should be kept.
ANSWER
Answered 2021-Dec-30 at 18:46You could use the number of null values in a row as a sort key, and keep the first (lowest) of each Instrument
1dict = { "Instrument": ["4295914485", "4295913199", "4295904693", "5039191995", "5039191995"],
2 "Company Name":["Orrstown Financial Services Inc", "Ditech Networks Inc", "Penn Treaty American Corp", "Verb Technology Company Inc", np.nan],
3 "CIK" : ["826154", "1080667", "814181", "1566610", "1622355"],
4 "ISIN" : ["US6873801053", "US25500T1088", "US7078744007", "US92337U1043", np.nan]
5 }
6df = pd.DataFrame(data=dict)
7df
8import pandas as pd
9import numpy as np
10dict = { "Instrument": ["4295914485", "4295913199", "4295904693", "5039191995", "5039191995"],
11 "Company Name":["Orrstown Financial Services Inc", "Ditech Networks Inc", "Penn Treaty American Corp", "Verb Technology Company Inc", np.nan],
12 "CIK" : ["826154", "1080667", "814181", "1566610", "1622355"],
13 "ISIN" : ["US6873801053", "US25500T1088", "US7078744007", "US92337U1043", np.nan]
14 }
15df = pd.DataFrame(data=dict)
16
17df.assign(missing=df.isnull().sum(1)).sort_values(by='missing', ascending=True).drop_duplicates(subset='Instrument', keep='first').drop(columns='missing')
18
Output
1dict = { "Instrument": ["4295914485", "4295913199", "4295904693", "5039191995", "5039191995"],
2 "Company Name":["Orrstown Financial Services Inc", "Ditech Networks Inc", "Penn Treaty American Corp", "Verb Technology Company Inc", np.nan],
3 "CIK" : ["826154", "1080667", "814181", "1566610", "1622355"],
4 "ISIN" : ["US6873801053", "US25500T1088", "US7078744007", "US92337U1043", np.nan]
5 }
6df = pd.DataFrame(data=dict)
7df
8import pandas as pd
9import numpy as np
10dict = { "Instrument": ["4295914485", "4295913199", "4295904693", "5039191995", "5039191995"],
11 "Company Name":["Orrstown Financial Services Inc", "Ditech Networks Inc", "Penn Treaty American Corp", "Verb Technology Company Inc", np.nan],
12 "CIK" : ["826154", "1080667", "814181", "1566610", "1622355"],
13 "ISIN" : ["US6873801053", "US25500T1088", "US7078744007", "US92337U1043", np.nan]
14 }
15df = pd.DataFrame(data=dict)
16
17df.assign(missing=df.isnull().sum(1)).sort_values(by='missing', ascending=True).drop_duplicates(subset='Instrument', keep='first').drop(columns='missing')
18 Instrument Company Name CIK ISIN
190 4295914485 Orrstown Financial Services Inc 826154 US6873801053
201 4295913199 Ditech Networks Inc 1080667 US25500T1088
212 4295904693 Penn Treaty American Corp 814181 US7078744007
223 5039191995 Verb Technology Company Inc 1566610 US92337U1043
23
QUESTION
How can I add a space in mobile?
Asked 2021-Dec-15 at 20:47I have created this responsive code that allows for an image and shape transformation once you hover on top of the square. The issue relies upon the mobile version. As shown in my codepen example, when the two square images are in mobile response, they touch each other and I would love any advice or tips on how to prevent that or how to add a space for the mobile version. Here is my codepen
1#mem:hover {
2 content: url('https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-skSKXMT0rCzdJLU13X31Y4lb-qF6WWgqDMAOOsplp-xtbDLhVU5XjcDMIsVChUQJUdM5gTCXEXusFqxtTqjWL9SnnsU_yDcVAROFiiFadZQ8cIqi_1XTvYnSpcRHAxjGOJjBQ1r_g=w2400');
3}
4
5#mem2:hover {
6 content: url('https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/dbaVcrH1yuKkm_8BlnluKD0UTAfDm1VngB3_fJH7EeFAutr0SulReO9es3Cqhras-5ufZP91dpSuPVDG3r2b37rg5ZX6998NQVxTJiEiVzriCMpTffTc_Zi09yRTBGc9tabwe4absA=w2400');
7}
8
9.header {
10 padding: 60px;
11 text-align: center;
12 color: black;
13 font-size: 60px;
14}
15
16/* Website mobile response */
17@media all and (max-width: 800px) {
18 .main{
19 /* On small screens, we are no longer using row direction but column */
20 display: flex;
21 flex-direction: column;
22 width: 300px;
23
24 flex-shrink: 3; /* default 1 */
25
26}
27
28#profile-card{
29 flex-shrink: 3; /* default 1 */
30 order: 3; /* default is 0 */
31}
32 }
33
34
1#mem:hover {
2 content: url('https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-skSKXMT0rCzdJLU13X31Y4lb-qF6WWgqDMAOOsplp-xtbDLhVU5XjcDMIsVChUQJUdM5gTCXEXusFqxtTqjWL9SnnsU_yDcVAROFiiFadZQ8cIqi_1XTvYnSpcRHAxjGOJjBQ1r_g=w2400');
3}
4
5#mem2:hover {
6 content: url('https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/dbaVcrH1yuKkm_8BlnluKD0UTAfDm1VngB3_fJH7EeFAutr0SulReO9es3Cqhras-5ufZP91dpSuPVDG3r2b37rg5ZX6998NQVxTJiEiVzriCMpTffTc_Zi09yRTBGc9tabwe4absA=w2400');
7}
8
9.header {
10 padding: 60px;
11 text-align: center;
12 color: black;
13 font-size: 60px;
14}
15
16/* Website mobile response */
17@media all and (max-width: 800px) {
18 .main{
19 /* On small screens, we are no longer using row direction but column */
20 display: flex;
21 flex-direction: column;
22 width: 300px;
23
24 flex-shrink: 3; /* default 1 */
25
26}
27
28#profile-card{
29 flex-shrink: 3; /* default 1 */
30 order: 3; /* default is 0 */
31}
32 }
33
34 <!DOCTYPE html>
35<html lang="en">
36
37
38<!-- Design by gyonarice.com -->
39
40
41<head>
42 <meta charset="UTF-8">
43 <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
44 <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
45 <link href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/font-awesome/5.10.0/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
46 <!-- code begins style section -->
47
48 <div class="header">
49 <h1>Header</h1>
50
51</div>
52 <style media="screen">
53
54 * {
55 margin: 0;
56 padding: 0;
57 box-sizing: border-box;
58 font-family: Exo;
59 }
60 @font-face {
61 font-family: Exo;
62 src: url(./fonts/Exo2.0-Medium.otf);
63 }
64 .main{
65 width: 100%;
66 height: 100vh;
67 display: flex;
68 justify-content: center;
69 align-items: center;
70 }
71 p.big {
72 line-height: 1.8;
73}
74
75 .profile-card{
76 position: relative;
77 font-family: sans-serif;
78 width: 440px;
79 height: 440px;
80 background: #ef3e2f;
81 padding: 20px;
82 border-radius: 10%;
83 box-shadow: 0 0 22px #3336;
84 transition: .6s;
85 margin: 0 25px;
86 }
87 .profile-card:hover{
88 border-radius: 10px;
89 height: 460px;
90 width: 460px;
91 }
92 .profile-card .img{
93 position: relative;
94 width: 100%;
95 height: 100%;
96 transition: .6s;
97 z-index: 59;
98 }
99 .profile-card:hover .img{
100 transform: translateY(-290px);
101 }
102 .img img{
103 width: 100%;
104 border-radius: 10%;
105 box-shadow: 0 0 22px #3336;
106 transition: .6s;
107 }
108 .profile-card:hover img{
109 border-radius: 10px;
110 }
111 .caption{
112 text-align: center;
113 transform: translateY(-290px);
114 opacity: 0;
115 transition: .6s;
116 }
117 .profile-card:hover .caption{
118 opacity: 1;
119 }
120
121 .caption h1{
122 font-size: 36px;
123 font-family: sans-serif;
124 color: white;
125 }
126 .caption h3{
127 font-size: 21px;
128 font-family: sans-serif;
129 color: white;
130 }
131 .caption p{
132 font-size: 14px;
133 color: white;
134 font-family: sans-serif;
135 margin: 2px 0 9px 0;
136 }
137 .caption .social-links a{
138 color: #333;
139 margin-right: 15px;
140 font-size: 21px;
141 transition: .6s;
142 }
143 .social-links a:hover{
144 color: #0c52a1;
145 }
146 /* Website mobile response */
147@media all and (max-width: 800px) {
148 .main{
149 /* On small screens, we are no longer using row direction but column */
150 display: flex;
151 flex-direction: column;
152 flex-shrink: 3; /* default 1 */
153
154}
155
156 </style>
157
158</head>
159
160<body>
161 <div class="main">
162 <div class="profile-card">
163 <div class="img">
164 <img id="mem" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/3kqNTl69nVvAjuyYHZpNKLxgzjBk54G85tJyNUVMqK2JBYpcOTYHlBJnqw5brWHnVUaXXEWI2rjllmStYa9JTpFp4CPGUPetX3lcAr9i5Mo2at-Y_X_LZl1x32_0_JKmKJDzcQSBpA=w2400">
165 </div>
166 <div class="caption">
167 <h1>Iuliana Keyes</h1>
168 <h3>Financial Advisor</h3>
169
170 <P>
171 <br></p>
172 <p class="big">Iuliana Keyes joined Thomas Financial Group in February 2004 and became a partner in 2014. Her expertise is in helping individuals, families and small businesses with investment management, retirement needs, college planning and wealth transfer. She believes that the best way to address planning challenges is by setting a destination or a desired outcome and finding the most suitable path to get there. </p>
173 <div class="social-links">
174
175 </div>
176 </div>
177 </div>
178 <div class="profile-card">
179 <div class="img">
180 <img id="mem2"src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/6ea-M6G5jek10ys6NfB_Ne6dtdNam2txbGRjc526sTHJGdXq81rC7mSNkTc4cQraQFHA5XjzlySGJtWpSTTWmvkQOTjHircU1du5I4kWC45iJcF_DXM30ceX_w0w2IA8lmjall-iYg=w2400">
181 </div>
182 <div class="caption">
183 <h1>Elizabeth Cacaj</h1>
184 <h3>Front End Developer</h3>
185 <P>
186 <br></p>
187 <p class="big">
188 Elizabeth is our non-registered Financial Services Assistant who joined us in October 2018. She obtained her BBA from Rochester College, and is a Notary Public. When she isn’t assisting clients, or keeping our office agenda in check, she is creating memories with her son and husband. Elizabeth gets inspired by cooking shows, appreciates a chilling ghost story, and thrives on soul-fulfilling adventures.<p>
189
190 </div>
191 </div>
192
193
194</body>
195
196</html>
ANSWER
Answered 2021-Dec-15 at 20:47I would say the simplest solution would be to keep your flex-direction: row;
instead of column
on your media-queries
.
Assuming you want to keep the flex-direction: column;
for a mobile-friendly feel. You can add another class to your second .profile-card
. In this example, I added a class called slide-up
. You can then set a hover effect on that class with some margin to make space for the photo. I added margin-top
to your new class slide-up
in the media queries since this issue is only relevant on a media screen.
Please see the additions.
1#mem:hover {
2 content: url('https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-skSKXMT0rCzdJLU13X31Y4lb-qF6WWgqDMAOOsplp-xtbDLhVU5XjcDMIsVChUQJUdM5gTCXEXusFqxtTqjWL9SnnsU_yDcVAROFiiFadZQ8cIqi_1XTvYnSpcRHAxjGOJjBQ1r_g=w2400');
3}
4
5#mem2:hover {
6 content: url('https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/dbaVcrH1yuKkm_8BlnluKD0UTAfDm1VngB3_fJH7EeFAutr0SulReO9es3Cqhras-5ufZP91dpSuPVDG3r2b37rg5ZX6998NQVxTJiEiVzriCMpTffTc_Zi09yRTBGc9tabwe4absA=w2400');
7}
8
9.header {
10 padding: 60px;
11 text-align: center;
12 color: black;
13 font-size: 60px;
14}
15
16/* Website mobile response */
17@media all and (max-width: 800px) {
18 .main{
19 /* On small screens, we are no longer using row direction but column */
20 display: flex;
21 flex-direction: column;
22 width: 300px;
23
24 flex-shrink: 3; /* default 1 */
25
26}
27
28#profile-card{
29 flex-shrink: 3; /* default 1 */
30 order: 3; /* default is 0 */
31}
32 }
33
34 <!DOCTYPE html>
35<html lang="en">
36
37
38<!-- Design by gyonarice.com -->
39
40
41<head>
42 <meta charset="UTF-8">
43 <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
44 <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
45 <link href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/font-awesome/5.10.0/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
46 <!-- code begins style section -->
47
48 <div class="header">
49 <h1>Header</h1>
50
51</div>
52 <style media="screen">
53
54 * {
55 margin: 0;
56 padding: 0;
57 box-sizing: border-box;
58 font-family: Exo;
59 }
60 @font-face {
61 font-family: Exo;
62 src: url(./fonts/Exo2.0-Medium.otf);
63 }
64 .main{
65 width: 100%;
66 height: 100vh;
67 display: flex;
68 justify-content: center;
69 align-items: center;
70 }
71 p.big {
72 line-height: 1.8;
73}
74
75 .profile-card{
76 position: relative;
77 font-family: sans-serif;
78 width: 440px;
79 height: 440px;
80 background: #ef3e2f;
81 padding: 20px;
82 border-radius: 10%;
83 box-shadow: 0 0 22px #3336;
84 transition: .6s;
85 margin: 0 25px;
86 }
87 .profile-card:hover{
88 border-radius: 10px;
89 height: 460px;
90 width: 460px;
91 }
92 .profile-card .img{
93 position: relative;
94 width: 100%;
95 height: 100%;
96 transition: .6s;
97 z-index: 59;
98 }
99 .profile-card:hover .img{
100 transform: translateY(-290px);
101 }
102 .img img{
103 width: 100%;
104 border-radius: 10%;
105 box-shadow: 0 0 22px #3336;
106 transition: .6s;
107 }
108 .profile-card:hover img{
109 border-radius: 10px;
110 }
111 .caption{
112 text-align: center;
113 transform: translateY(-290px);
114 opacity: 0;
115 transition: .6s;
116 }
117 .profile-card:hover .caption{
118 opacity: 1;
119 }
120
121 .caption h1{
122 font-size: 36px;
123 font-family: sans-serif;
124 color: white;
125 }
126 .caption h3{
127 font-size: 21px;
128 font-family: sans-serif;
129 color: white;
130 }
131 .caption p{
132 font-size: 14px;
133 color: white;
134 font-family: sans-serif;
135 margin: 2px 0 9px 0;
136 }
137 .caption .social-links a{
138 color: #333;
139 margin-right: 15px;
140 font-size: 21px;
141 transition: .6s;
142 }
143 .social-links a:hover{
144 color: #0c52a1;
145 }
146 /* Website mobile response */
147@media all and (max-width: 800px) {
148 .main{
149 /* On small screens, we are no longer using row direction but column */
150 display: flex;
151 flex-direction: column;
152 flex-shrink: 3; /* default 1 */
153
154}
155
156 </style>
157
158</head>
159
160<body>
161 <div class="main">
162 <div class="profile-card">
163 <div class="img">
164 <img id="mem" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/3kqNTl69nVvAjuyYHZpNKLxgzjBk54G85tJyNUVMqK2JBYpcOTYHlBJnqw5brWHnVUaXXEWI2rjllmStYa9JTpFp4CPGUPetX3lcAr9i5Mo2at-Y_X_LZl1x32_0_JKmKJDzcQSBpA=w2400">
165 </div>
166 <div class="caption">
167 <h1>Iuliana Keyes</h1>
168 <h3>Financial Advisor</h3>
169
170 <P>
171 <br></p>
172 <p class="big">Iuliana Keyes joined Thomas Financial Group in February 2004 and became a partner in 2014. Her expertise is in helping individuals, families and small businesses with investment management, retirement needs, college planning and wealth transfer. She believes that the best way to address planning challenges is by setting a destination or a desired outcome and finding the most suitable path to get there. </p>
173 <div class="social-links">
174
175 </div>
176 </div>
177 </div>
178 <div class="profile-card">
179 <div class="img">
180 <img id="mem2"src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/6ea-M6G5jek10ys6NfB_Ne6dtdNam2txbGRjc526sTHJGdXq81rC7mSNkTc4cQraQFHA5XjzlySGJtWpSTTWmvkQOTjHircU1du5I4kWC45iJcF_DXM30ceX_w0w2IA8lmjall-iYg=w2400">
181 </div>
182 <div class="caption">
183 <h1>Elizabeth Cacaj</h1>
184 <h3>Front End Developer</h3>
185 <P>
186 <br></p>
187 <p class="big">
188 Elizabeth is our non-registered Financial Services Assistant who joined us in October 2018. She obtained her BBA from Rochester College, and is a Notary Public. When she isn’t assisting clients, or keeping our office agenda in check, she is creating memories with her son and husband. Elizabeth gets inspired by cooking shows, appreciates a chilling ghost story, and thrives on soul-fulfilling adventures.<p>
189
190 </div>
191 </div>
192
193
194</body>
195
196</html>#mem:hover {
197 content: url('https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-skSKXMT0rCzdJLU13X31Y4lb-qF6WWgqDMAOOsplp-xtbDLhVU5XjcDMIsVChUQJUdM5gTCXEXusFqxtTqjWL9SnnsU_yDcVAROFiiFadZQ8cIqi_1XTvYnSpcRHAxjGOJjBQ1r_g=w2400');
198}
199
200#mem2:hover {
201 content: url('https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/dbaVcrH1yuKkm_8BlnluKD0UTAfDm1VngB3_fJH7EeFAutr0SulReO9es3Cqhras-5ufZP91dpSuPVDG3r2b37rg5ZX6998NQVxTJiEiVzriCMpTffTc_Zi09yRTBGc9tabwe4absA=w2400');
202}
203
204.header {
205 padding: 60px;
206 text-align: center;
207 color: black;
208 font-size: 60px;
209}
210
211/* Website mobile response */
212@media all and (max-width: 800px) {
213 .main{
214 /* On small screens, we are no longer using row direction but column */
215 display: flex;
216 flex-direction: column;
217 width: 300px;
218
219 flex-shrink: 3; /* default 1 */
220
221}
222
223#profile-card{
224 flex-shrink: 3; /* default 1 */
225 order: 3; /* default is 0 */
226}
227
228.slide-up:hover {
229 margin-top: 17rem;
230}
231 }
1#mem:hover {
2 content: url('https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-skSKXMT0rCzdJLU13X31Y4lb-qF6WWgqDMAOOsplp-xtbDLhVU5XjcDMIsVChUQJUdM5gTCXEXusFqxtTqjWL9SnnsU_yDcVAROFiiFadZQ8cIqi_1XTvYnSpcRHAxjGOJjBQ1r_g=w2400');
3}
4
5#mem2:hover {
6 content: url('https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/dbaVcrH1yuKkm_8BlnluKD0UTAfDm1VngB3_fJH7EeFAutr0SulReO9es3Cqhras-5ufZP91dpSuPVDG3r2b37rg5ZX6998NQVxTJiEiVzriCMpTffTc_Zi09yRTBGc9tabwe4absA=w2400');
7}
8
9.header {
10 padding: 60px;
11 text-align: center;
12 color: black;
13 font-size: 60px;
14}
15
16/* Website mobile response */
17@media all and (max-width: 800px) {
18 .main{
19 /* On small screens, we are no longer using row direction but column */
20 display: flex;
21 flex-direction: column;
22 width: 300px;
23
24 flex-shrink: 3; /* default 1 */
25
26}
27
28#profile-card{
29 flex-shrink: 3; /* default 1 */
30 order: 3; /* default is 0 */
31}
32 }
33
34 <!DOCTYPE html>
35<html lang="en">
36
37
38<!-- Design by gyonarice.com -->
39
40
41<head>
42 <meta charset="UTF-8">
43 <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
44 <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
45 <link href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/font-awesome/5.10.0/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
46 <!-- code begins style section -->
47
48 <div class="header">
49 <h1>Header</h1>
50
51</div>
52 <style media="screen">
53
54 * {
55 margin: 0;
56 padding: 0;
57 box-sizing: border-box;
58 font-family: Exo;
59 }
60 @font-face {
61 font-family: Exo;
62 src: url(./fonts/Exo2.0-Medium.otf);
63 }
64 .main{
65 width: 100%;
66 height: 100vh;
67 display: flex;
68 justify-content: center;
69 align-items: center;
70 }
71 p.big {
72 line-height: 1.8;
73}
74
75 .profile-card{
76 position: relative;
77 font-family: sans-serif;
78 width: 440px;
79 height: 440px;
80 background: #ef3e2f;
81 padding: 20px;
82 border-radius: 10%;
83 box-shadow: 0 0 22px #3336;
84 transition: .6s;
85 margin: 0 25px;
86 }
87 .profile-card:hover{
88 border-radius: 10px;
89 height: 460px;
90 width: 460px;
91 }
92 .profile-card .img{
93 position: relative;
94 width: 100%;
95 height: 100%;
96 transition: .6s;
97 z-index: 59;
98 }
99 .profile-card:hover .img{
100 transform: translateY(-290px);
101 }
102 .img img{
103 width: 100%;
104 border-radius: 10%;
105 box-shadow: 0 0 22px #3336;
106 transition: .6s;
107 }
108 .profile-card:hover img{
109 border-radius: 10px;
110 }
111 .caption{
112 text-align: center;
113 transform: translateY(-290px);
114 opacity: 0;
115 transition: .6s;
116 }
117 .profile-card:hover .caption{
118 opacity: 1;
119 }
120
121 .caption h1{
122 font-size: 36px;
123 font-family: sans-serif;
124 color: white;
125 }
126 .caption h3{
127 font-size: 21px;
128 font-family: sans-serif;
129 color: white;
130 }
131 .caption p{
132 font-size: 14px;
133 color: white;
134 font-family: sans-serif;
135 margin: 2px 0 9px 0;
136 }
137 .caption .social-links a{
138 color: #333;
139 margin-right: 15px;
140 font-size: 21px;
141 transition: .6s;
142 }
143 .social-links a:hover{
144 color: #0c52a1;
145 }
146 /* Website mobile response */
147@media all and (max-width: 800px) {
148 .main{
149 /* On small screens, we are no longer using row direction but column */
150 display: flex;
151 flex-direction: column;
152 flex-shrink: 3; /* default 1 */
153
154}
155
156 </style>
157
158</head>
159
160<body>
161 <div class="main">
162 <div class="profile-card">
163 <div class="img">
164 <img id="mem" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/3kqNTl69nVvAjuyYHZpNKLxgzjBk54G85tJyNUVMqK2JBYpcOTYHlBJnqw5brWHnVUaXXEWI2rjllmStYa9JTpFp4CPGUPetX3lcAr9i5Mo2at-Y_X_LZl1x32_0_JKmKJDzcQSBpA=w2400">
165 </div>
166 <div class="caption">
167 <h1>Iuliana Keyes</h1>
168 <h3>Financial Advisor</h3>
169
170 <P>
171 <br></p>
172 <p class="big">Iuliana Keyes joined Thomas Financial Group in February 2004 and became a partner in 2014. Her expertise is in helping individuals, families and small businesses with investment management, retirement needs, college planning and wealth transfer. She believes that the best way to address planning challenges is by setting a destination or a desired outcome and finding the most suitable path to get there. </p>
173 <div class="social-links">
174
175 </div>
176 </div>
177 </div>
178 <div class="profile-card">
179 <div class="img">
180 <img id="mem2"src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/6ea-M6G5jek10ys6NfB_Ne6dtdNam2txbGRjc526sTHJGdXq81rC7mSNkTc4cQraQFHA5XjzlySGJtWpSTTWmvkQOTjHircU1du5I4kWC45iJcF_DXM30ceX_w0w2IA8lmjall-iYg=w2400">
181 </div>
182 <div class="caption">
183 <h1>Elizabeth Cacaj</h1>
184 <h3>Front End Developer</h3>
185 <P>
186 <br></p>
187 <p class="big">
188 Elizabeth is our non-registered Financial Services Assistant who joined us in October 2018. She obtained her BBA from Rochester College, and is a Notary Public. When she isn’t assisting clients, or keeping our office agenda in check, she is creating memories with her son and husband. Elizabeth gets inspired by cooking shows, appreciates a chilling ghost story, and thrives on soul-fulfilling adventures.<p>
189
190 </div>
191 </div>
192
193
194</body>
195
196</html>#mem:hover {
197 content: url('https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-skSKXMT0rCzdJLU13X31Y4lb-qF6WWgqDMAOOsplp-xtbDLhVU5XjcDMIsVChUQJUdM5gTCXEXusFqxtTqjWL9SnnsU_yDcVAROFiiFadZQ8cIqi_1XTvYnSpcRHAxjGOJjBQ1r_g=w2400');
198}
199
200#mem2:hover {
201 content: url('https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/dbaVcrH1yuKkm_8BlnluKD0UTAfDm1VngB3_fJH7EeFAutr0SulReO9es3Cqhras-5ufZP91dpSuPVDG3r2b37rg5ZX6998NQVxTJiEiVzriCMpTffTc_Zi09yRTBGc9tabwe4absA=w2400');
202}
203
204.header {
205 padding: 60px;
206 text-align: center;
207 color: black;
208 font-size: 60px;
209}
210
211/* Website mobile response */
212@media all and (max-width: 800px) {
213 .main{
214 /* On small screens, we are no longer using row direction but column */
215 display: flex;
216 flex-direction: column;
217 width: 300px;
218
219 flex-shrink: 3; /* default 1 */
220
221}
222
223#profile-card{
224 flex-shrink: 3; /* default 1 */
225 order: 3; /* default is 0 */
226}
227
228.slide-up:hover {
229 margin-top: 17rem;
230}
231 }<!DOCTYPE html>
232<html lang="en">
233
234
235<!-- Design by gyonarice.com -->
236
237
238<head>
239 <meta charset="UTF-8">
240 <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
241 <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
242 <link href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/font-awesome/5.10.0/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
243 <!-- code begins style section -->
244
245 <div class="header">
246 <h1>Header</h1>
247
248</div>
249 <style media="screen">
250
251 * {
252 margin: 0;
253 padding: 0;
254 box-sizing: border-box;
255 font-family: Exo;
256 }
257 @font-face {
258 font-family: Exo;
259 src: url(./fonts/Exo2.0-Medium.otf);
260 }
261 .main{
262 width: 100%;
263 height: 100vh;
264 display: flex;
265 justify-content: center;
266 align-items: center;
267 }
268 p.big {
269 line-height: 1.8;
270}
271
272 .profile-card{
273 position: relative;
274 font-family: sans-serif;
275 width: 440px;
276 height: 440px;
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278 padding: 20px;
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281 transition: .6s;
282 margin: 0 25px;
283 }
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293 transition: .6s;
294 z-index: 59;
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297 transform: translateY(-290px);
298 }
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300 width: 100%;
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303 transition: .6s;
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309 text-align: center;
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312 transition: .6s;
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345 .main{
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350
351}
352
353 </style>
354
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356
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360 <div class="img">
361 <img id="mem" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/3kqNTl69nVvAjuyYHZpNKLxgzjBk54G85tJyNUVMqK2JBYpcOTYHlBJnqw5brWHnVUaXXEWI2rjllmStYa9JTpFp4CPGUPetX3lcAr9i5Mo2at-Y_X_LZl1x32_0_JKmKJDzcQSBpA=w2400">
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366
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370 <div class="social-links">
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375 <div class="profile-card slide-up">
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377 <img id="mem2"src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/6ea-M6G5jek10ys6NfB_Ne6dtdNam2txbGRjc526sTHJGdXq81rC7mSNkTc4cQraQFHA5XjzlySGJtWpSTTWmvkQOTjHircU1du5I4kWC45iJcF_DXM30ceX_w0w2IA8lmjall-iYg=w2400">
378 </div>
379 <div class="caption">
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385 Elizabeth is our non-registered Financial Services Assistant who joined us in October 2018. She obtained her BBA from Rochester College, and is a Notary Public. When she isn’t assisting clients, or keeping our office agenda in check, she is creating memories with her son and husband. Elizabeth gets inspired by cooking shows, appreciates a chilling ghost story, and thrives on soul-fulfilling adventures.<p>
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391</body>
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393</html>
QUESTION
How to find an HTML table with a different tab using beautiful soup
Asked 2021-Dec-03 at 17:51I'm trying to scrape some Assets & Holdings information on the FT website for a number of funds (i.e. https://markets.ft.com/data/funds/tearsheet/holdings?s=LU1076093779:EUR). I'm able to select the first table with no issues but the second table consists of two tables with different tabs: 'Sectors' and 'Regions'. When I try to select the second table with table2 = soup.find_all('table')[1]
, I get either the table under the 'Sectors' tab or the 'Regions' tab. Is there a way to select both tables?
My code is as follows:
1import requests
2import pandas as pd
3from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
4
5List = ['LU0526609390:EUR', 'IE00BHBX0Z19:EUR', 'LU1076093779:EUR', 'LU1116896363:EUR']
6
7df = pd.DataFrame(List, columns=['List'])
8urls = 'https://markets.ft.com/data/funds/tearsheet/holdings?s='+ df['List']
9
10dfs =[]
11for url in urls:
12 ISIN = url.split('=')[-1].replace(':', '_')
13 ISIN = ISIN[:-4]
14 r = requests.get(url).content
15 soup = BeautifulSoup(r, 'html.parser')
16 try:
17 table1 = soup.find_all('table')[0]
18 table2 = soup.find_all('table')[1]
19 except Exception:
20 continue
21 df1 = pd.read_html(str(table1), index_col=0)[0]
22 df2 = pd.read_html(str(table2), index_col=0)[0]
23 del df2['Category average']
24 del df1['% Short']
25 del df1['% Long']
26 df1 = df1.rename(columns={'% Net assets': ISIN})
27 df2 = df2.rename(columns={'% Net assets': ISIN})
28 df = df1.append(df2)
29 print(df)
30
My required output for fund - LU1076093779:
1import requests
2import pandas as pd
3from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
4
5List = ['LU0526609390:EUR', 'IE00BHBX0Z19:EUR', 'LU1076093779:EUR', 'LU1116896363:EUR']
6
7df = pd.DataFrame(List, columns=['List'])
8urls = 'https://markets.ft.com/data/funds/tearsheet/holdings?s='+ df['List']
9
10dfs =[]
11for url in urls:
12 ISIN = url.split('=')[-1].replace(':', '_')
13 ISIN = ISIN[:-4]
14 r = requests.get(url).content
15 soup = BeautifulSoup(r, 'html.parser')
16 try:
17 table1 = soup.find_all('table')[0]
18 table2 = soup.find_all('table')[1]
19 except Exception:
20 continue
21 df1 = pd.read_html(str(table1), index_col=0)[0]
22 df2 = pd.read_html(str(table2), index_col=0)[0]
23 del df2['Category average']
24 del df1['% Short']
25 del df1['% Long']
26 df1 = df1.rename(columns={'% Net assets': ISIN})
27 df2 = df2.rename(columns={'% Net assets': ISIN})
28 df = df1.append(df2)
29 print(df)
30 LU1076093779
31Non-UK stock 94.76%
32Cash 2.21%
33UK stock 3.03%
34UK bond 0.00%
35Non-UK bond 0.00%
36Other 0.00%
37Financial Services 16.96%
38Industrials 14.22%
39Consumer Cyclical 13.80%
40Technology 13.65%
41Healthcare 11.08%
42Consumer Defensive 8.09%
43Communication Services 7.20%
44Basic Materials 6.04%
45Utilities 3.62%
46Other 3.10%
47Americas 1.37%
48United States 0.79%
49Latin America 0.58%
50Greater Asia 0.00%
51Greater Europe 96.02%
52Eurozone 91.79%
53United Kingdom 3.03%
54Europe - ex Euro 1.20%
55
but at the moment I just get the following:
1import requests
2import pandas as pd
3from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
4
5List = ['LU0526609390:EUR', 'IE00BHBX0Z19:EUR', 'LU1076093779:EUR', 'LU1116896363:EUR']
6
7df = pd.DataFrame(List, columns=['List'])
8urls = 'https://markets.ft.com/data/funds/tearsheet/holdings?s='+ df['List']
9
10dfs =[]
11for url in urls:
12 ISIN = url.split('=')[-1].replace(':', '_')
13 ISIN = ISIN[:-4]
14 r = requests.get(url).content
15 soup = BeautifulSoup(r, 'html.parser')
16 try:
17 table1 = soup.find_all('table')[0]
18 table2 = soup.find_all('table')[1]
19 except Exception:
20 continue
21 df1 = pd.read_html(str(table1), index_col=0)[0]
22 df2 = pd.read_html(str(table2), index_col=0)[0]
23 del df2['Category average']
24 del df1['% Short']
25 del df1['% Long']
26 df1 = df1.rename(columns={'% Net assets': ISIN})
27 df2 = df2.rename(columns={'% Net assets': ISIN})
28 df = df1.append(df2)
29 print(df)
30 LU1076093779
31Non-UK stock 94.76%
32Cash 2.21%
33UK stock 3.03%
34UK bond 0.00%
35Non-UK bond 0.00%
36Other 0.00%
37Financial Services 16.96%
38Industrials 14.22%
39Consumer Cyclical 13.80%
40Technology 13.65%
41Healthcare 11.08%
42Consumer Defensive 8.09%
43Communication Services 7.20%
44Basic Materials 6.04%
45Utilities 3.62%
46Other 3.10%
47Americas 1.37%
48United States 0.79%
49Latin America 0.58%
50Greater Asia 0.00%
51Greater Europe 96.02%
52Eurozone 91.79%
53United Kingdom 3.03%
54Europe - ex Euro 1.20%
55 LU1076093779
56Non-UK stock 94.76%
57Cash 2.21%
58UK stock 3.03%
59UK bond 0.00%
60Non-UK bond 0.00%
61Other 0.00%
62Financial Services 16.96%
63Industrials 14.22%
64Consumer Cyclical 13.80%
65Technology 13.65%
66Healthcare 11.08%
67Consumer Defensive 8.09%
68Communication Services 7.20%
69Basic Materials 6.04%
70Utilities 3.62%
71Other 3.10%
72
ANSWER
Answered 2021-Dec-03 at 17:51It's all there just need to put the tables together after some data manipulation. Note though some of those links don't have all 3 tables. I also changed how you iterate through the list. No need to create a dataframe.
Also be careful with your variables. I think you meant dfs = df1.append(df2)
. But I adjusted the code a bit.
1import requests
2import pandas as pd
3from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
4
5List = ['LU0526609390:EUR', 'IE00BHBX0Z19:EUR', 'LU1076093779:EUR', 'LU1116896363:EUR']
6
7df = pd.DataFrame(List, columns=['List'])
8urls = 'https://markets.ft.com/data/funds/tearsheet/holdings?s='+ df['List']
9
10dfs =[]
11for url in urls:
12 ISIN = url.split('=')[-1].replace(':', '_')
13 ISIN = ISIN[:-4]
14 r = requests.get(url).content
15 soup = BeautifulSoup(r, 'html.parser')
16 try:
17 table1 = soup.find_all('table')[0]
18 table2 = soup.find_all('table')[1]
19 except Exception:
20 continue
21 df1 = pd.read_html(str(table1), index_col=0)[0]
22 df2 = pd.read_html(str(table2), index_col=0)[0]
23 del df2['Category average']
24 del df1['% Short']
25 del df1['% Long']
26 df1 = df1.rename(columns={'% Net assets': ISIN})
27 df2 = df2.rename(columns={'% Net assets': ISIN})
28 df = df1.append(df2)
29 print(df)
30 LU1076093779
31Non-UK stock 94.76%
32Cash 2.21%
33UK stock 3.03%
34UK bond 0.00%
35Non-UK bond 0.00%
36Other 0.00%
37Financial Services 16.96%
38Industrials 14.22%
39Consumer Cyclical 13.80%
40Technology 13.65%
41Healthcare 11.08%
42Consumer Defensive 8.09%
43Communication Services 7.20%
44Basic Materials 6.04%
45Utilities 3.62%
46Other 3.10%
47Americas 1.37%
48United States 0.79%
49Latin America 0.58%
50Greater Asia 0.00%
51Greater Europe 96.02%
52Eurozone 91.79%
53United Kingdom 3.03%
54Europe - ex Euro 1.20%
55 LU1076093779
56Non-UK stock 94.76%
57Cash 2.21%
58UK stock 3.03%
59UK bond 0.00%
60Non-UK bond 0.00%
61Other 0.00%
62Financial Services 16.96%
63Industrials 14.22%
64Consumer Cyclical 13.80%
65Technology 13.65%
66Healthcare 11.08%
67Consumer Defensive 8.09%
68Communication Services 7.20%
69Basic Materials 6.04%
70Utilities 3.62%
71Other 3.10%
72import requests
73import pandas as pd
74from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
75
76# Define all urls required for data scraping from the FT Website - if new fund is added simply add the appropriate Fund ID to the List
77id_list = ['LU1076093779:EUR','LU0526609390:EUR', 'IE00BHBX0Z19:EUR', 'LU1076093779:EUR', 'LU1116896363:EUR']
78urls = ['https://markets.ft.com/data/funds/tearsheet/holdings?s='+ x for x in id_list]
79
80
81for url in urls:
82 print(url)
83 ISIN = url.split('=')[-1].replace(':', '_')
84 ISIN = ISIN[:-4]
85 df_list = []
86 r = requests.get(url).content
87 soup = BeautifulSoup(r, 'html.parser')
88
89 all_colspan = soup.find_all(attrs={'colspan':True})
90 for colspan in all_colspan:
91 colspan.attrs['colspan'] = colspan.attrs['colspan'].replace('%', '')
92
93 dfs = pd.read_html(str(soup))
94 for df in dfs:
95 cols = df.columns
96 drop_cols = ['Category average', '% Short', '% Long']
97 if 'Type' in cols or 'Sector' in cols:
98 df = df.rename(columns={'% Net assets': ISIN,
99 'Sector':'Type'})
100 df = df.drop([x for x in drop_cols if x in df.columns], axis=1)
101 df_list.append(df)
102
103 result = pd.concat(df_list)
104 print(result)
105
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