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QUESTION
GNU grep's basic (BRE) and extended (ERE) syntax is documented at https://www.gnu.org/software/grep/manual/html_node/Regular-Expressions.html and PCRE is summarized at man pcresyntax
, but there is no explicit comparison. What are the differences between GNU grep's basic/extended and PCRE (-P
) regular expressions?
ANSWER
Answered 2021-Jun-15 at 20:55My research of the major syntax and functionality differences from http://www.greenend.org.uk/rjk/tech/regexp.html:
.
in GNU grep does not match null bytes and newlines (but does match newlines when used with--null-data
), while Perl, everything except\n
is matched.[...]
in GNU grep defines POSIX bracket expressions, while Perl uses "character" classes. I'm not sure on the details. See http://www.greenend.org.uk/rjk/tech/regexp.html#bracketexpression- "In basic regular expressions the meta-characters
?
,+
,{
,|
,(
, and)
lose their special meaning; instead use the backslashed versions\?
,\+
,\{
,\|
,\(
, and\)
." From https://www.gnu.org/software/grep/manual/html_node/Basic-vs-Extended.html. ERE matches PCRE syntax. - GNU grep
\w
and\W
are the same as[[:alnum:]]
and[^[:alnum]]
, while Perl uses alphanumeric and underscore. - GNU grep has
\<
and\>
for start and end of word.
Perl supports much more additional functionality:
- "nongreedy {}" with syntax
re{...}?
- additional anchors and character types
\A
,\C
,\d
,\D
,\G
,\p
,\P
,\s
,\S
,\X
.\Z
,\z
. (?#comment)
- shy grouping
(?:re)
, shy grouping + modifiers(?modifiers:re)
- lookahead and negative lookahead
(?=re)
and(?!re)
, lookbehind and negative lookbehind(?<=p)
and(?
- Atomic groups
(?>re)
- Conditional expression
(?(cond)re)
- ... and more, see
man pcresyntax
QUESTION
In C++20, we got the capability to sleep on atomic variables, waiting for their value to change.
We do so by using the std::atomic::wait
method.
Unfortunately, while wait
has been standardized, wait_for
and wait_until
are not. Meaning that we cannot sleep on an atomic variable with a timeout.
Sleeping on an atomic variable is anyway implemented behind the scenes with WaitOnAddress on Windows and the futex system call on Linux.
Working around the above problem (no way to sleep on an atomic variable with a timeout), I could pass the memory address of an std::atomic
to WaitOnAddress
on Windows and it will (kinda) work with no UB, as the function gets void*
as a parameter, and it's valid to cast std::atomic
to void*
On Linux, it is unclear whether it's ok to mix std::atomic
with futex
. futex
gets either a uint32_t*
or a int32_t*
(depending which manual you read), and casting std::atomic
to u/int*
is UB. On the other hand, the manual says
The uaddr argument points to the futex word. On all platforms, futexes are four-byte integers that must be aligned on a four- byte boundary. The operation to perform on the futex is specified in the futex_op argument; val is a value whose meaning and purpose depends on futex_op.
Hinting that alignas(4) std::atomic
should work, and it doesn't matter which integer type is it is as long as the type has the size of 4 bytes and the alignment of 4.
Also, I have seen many places where this trick of combining atomics and futexes is implemented, including boost and TBB.
So what is the best way to sleep on an atomic variable with a timeout in a non UB way? Do we have to implement our own atomic class with OS primitives to achieve it correctly?
(Solutions like mixing atomics and condition variables exist, but sub-optimal)
...ANSWER
Answered 2021-Jun-15 at 20:48You shouldn't necessarily have to implement a full custom atomic
API, it should actually be safe to simply pull out a pointer to the underlying data from the atomic
and pass it to the system.
Since std::atomic
does not offer some equivalent of native_handle
like other synchronization primitives offer, you're going to be stuck doing some implementation-specific hacks to try to get it to interface with the native API.
For the most part, it's reasonably safe to assume that first member of these types in implementations will be the same as the T
type -- at least for integral values [1]. This is an assurance that will make it possible to extract out this value.
... and casting
std::atomic
tou/int*
is UB
This isn't actually the case.
std::atomic
is guaranteed by the standard to be Standard-Layout Type. One helpful but often esoteric properties of standard layout types is that it is safe to reinterpret_cast
a T
to a value or reference of the first sub-object (e.g. the first member of the std::atomic
).
As long as we can guarantee that the std::atomic
contains only the u/int
as a member (or at least, as its first member), then it's completely safe to extract out the type in this manner:
QUESTION
I have an array of objects each with a groupName
key/value and then an item
key with an array of objects as it's value.
I'm trying to use .reduce()
with a forEach to iterate over the main array and merge all of the item values into a new Object with a single groupName and an items array containing all the original item values.
Every time I run the function I only get back the first value and I'm trying to figure out what I'm doing wrong.
Current Function:
...ANSWER
Answered 2021-Jun-15 at 15:16You can use array#map
and array#concat
to merge items
in movie array.
QUESTION
Hello my favorite people!
I am trying to send an email after submitting a form, with the AUTO INCREMENT number attached to the email because the AUTO INCREMENT number is the clients Job Card Reference Number. So far i have successfully created the insert script which inserts the data into the database perfectly, and also sends the email too. But does not attach the AUTO INCREMENT number into the email. The INT(11) AUTO INCREMENT primary key is "job_number" in my MySQL database.
Here is my insert page:
...ANSWER
Answered 2021-Jun-15 at 09:58 $insertId = false;
if($insert_stmt->execute())
{
$insertId = $insert_stmt->insert_id;
$insertMsg="Created Successfully........sending email now";
}
if($insertId){
// do stuff with the insert id
}
QUESTION
I have created a json file with the output having key values pair. But i would like to filter more and get only specific tags and get new output in table using excel (csv) format
...ANSWER
Answered 2021-Jun-15 at 01:54To achieve the "expected" output given the "actual" output, you could use the following filter:
QUESTION
zebra_owner(Owner) :-
houses(Hs),
member(h(Owner,zebra,_,_,_), Hs).
water_drinker(Drinker) :-
houses(Hs),
member(h(Drinker,_,_,water,_), Hs).
houses(Hs) :-
length(Hs, 5), % 1
member(h(english,_,_,_,red), Hs), % 2
member(h(spanish,dog,_,_,_), Hs), % 3
member(h(_,_,_,coffee,green), Hs), % 4
member(h(ukrainian,_,_,tea,_), Hs), % 5
adjacent(h(_,_,_,_,green), h(_,_,_,_,white), Hs), % 6
member(h(_,snake,winston,_,_), Hs), % 7
member(h(_,_,kool,_,yellow), Hs), % 8
Hs = [_,_,h(_,_,_,milk,_),_,_], % 9
Hs = [h(norwegian,_,_,_,_)|_], % 10
adjacent(h(_,fox,_,_,_), h(_,_,chesterfield,_,_), Hs), % 11
adjacent(h(_,_,kool,_,_), h(_,horse,_,_,_), Hs), % 12
member(h(_,_,lucky,juice,_), Hs), % 13
member(h(japanese,_,kent,_,_), Hs), % 14
adjacent(h(norwegian,_,_,_,_), h(_,_,_,_,blue), Hs), % 15
member(h(_,_,_,water,_), Hs), % one of them drinks water
member(h(_,zebra,_,_,_), Hs). % one of them owns a zebra
adjacent(A, B, Ls) :- append(_, [A,B|_], Ls).
adjacent(A, B, Ls) :- append(_, [B,A|_], Ls).
...ANSWER
Answered 2021-Jun-14 at 21:46The houses list Hs
is not empty at all, ever. It is created right at the very beginning with
QUESTION
I'm modifying a text e-book that has sequences like this:
...ANSWER
Answered 2021-Jun-13 at 17:46You can use
QUESTION
Problem
I have a large JSON file (~700.000 lines, 1.2GB filesize) containing twitter data that I need to preprocess for data and network analysis. During the data collection an error happend: Instead of using " as a seperator ' was used. As this does not conform with the JSON standard, the file can not be processed by R or Python.
Information about the dataset: Every about 500 lines start with meta info + meta information for the users, etc. then there are the tweets in json (order of fields not stable) starting with a space, one tweet per line.
This is what I tried so far:
- A simple
data.replace('\'', '\"')
is not possible, as the "text" fields contain tweets which may contain ' or " themselves. - Using regex, I was able to catch some of the instances, but it does not catch everything:
re.compile(r'"[^"]*"(*SKIP)(*FAIL)|\'')
- Using
literal.eval(data)
from theast
package also throws an error.
As the order of the fields and the legth for each field is not stable I am stuck on how to reformat that file in order to conform to JSON.
Normal sample line of the data (for this options one and two would work, but note that the tweets are also in non-english languages, which use " or ' in their tweets):
...ANSWER
Answered 2021-Jun-07 at 13:57if the '
that are causing the problem are only in the tweets and desciption
you could try that
QUESTION
I would like to merge these two anonymous objects:
...ANSWER
Answered 2021-Jun-12 at 09:19There's nothing built-in in the C# language to support your use case. Thus, the question in your title needs to be answered with "Sorry, there is no easy way".
I can offer the following alternatives:
Do it manually:
QUESTION
ANSWER
Answered 2021-Jun-11 at 09:15you can always check the length of list and make a loop to iterate over that length.
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