confusion | An experiment in fingerprint-free encrypted messaging
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QUESTION
I'm a student learning about database design and currently learning about the relationships of - one-to-one, one-to-many, many-to-many. I understand the concept well enough, but feel like I'm lacking experience/information on how it would be implemented in a real production scenario.
My question is this
If I have a blog website with a Blog Post as an entity and comments for each blog post, how would you handle the comments in the database?`
Would you use a one-to-many relationship and just store all the comments in a single table. Then link those comments to each blog post and user who created it?
What if each comment had a sub-comment? Would you create a separate table for sub-comments and link it to a single comment? Would that cause too much overhead and confusion within the DB itself?
I get the concepts and all, but don't understand best practices for handling what seems like basic stuff.
Thanks in advance!
...ANSWER
Answered 2021-Jun-15 at 16:06The simplest solution is to stick with a one-to-many relationship. Use one table and store one comment per row, with references to the post and the comment author, and a timestamp so you can sort the comments chronologically.
You seem uncertain about whether you need a "threaded comment" hierarchy. This is more complex, so if you don't need it, don't bother.
If you do need to show comment threads, then you should learn about running recursive queries in MySQL 8.0: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/with.html#common-table-expressions-recursive
You still only need one table. Don't create a second table for sub-comments. Just store comments like in your one-to-many example, but each comment may link to its "parent" comment when it is a reply.
Another solution that many sites use is to skip implementing their own comment system, and just embed a comment service like Disqus. That's likely to be much more reliable and safe than yours. But if you're doing this as a learning exercise, that's worthwhile too.
QUESTION
My Question: What exactly does “compile-time” mean? I present my understanding below and where I am getting confused.
Compilation is the process that generates a single executable .exe file from the .vb file. There are several ways to do this, for example by using the VBC.EXE command from the developer command window or MSDOS. The way I understand “compile-time” is that it is time when such a command gets executed and the exe file is generated. The following are the what I find confusing:
- When I write Dim i = 5, the compiler infers or “knows” that the variable “i” is an integer.
- If I want to print an integer or a string using the Writeline method of the console class then the compiler automatically determines which overloaded version it should call. So in this case also the compiler “knows” – this is also known as compile-time polymorphism.
My confusion: Since in both the above cases the compiler infers or knows the type of variable or the version of the overloaded method to call just after we have finished typing the sentence, is this also called compile-time? We have not given any sort of compilation command here.
- Another confusion on the definition of compile-time refers to the case when we explicitly define overloaded methods. In the case of the writeline method, we know from the pop-up given by intellisense that immediately after we have finished typing the sentence the version with the correct signature is called. Now, when we define overloaded methods does the compiler know which version to call when we call the function (depending on signature) somewhere in the program right after we have finished typing the code? Or does the compiler know this after the exe file has been generated? This is a case of compile-time polymorphism. But then which time or which step is the “compile-time”?
ANSWER
Answered 2021-Jun-15 at 19:35We have not given any sort of compilation command here.
No, but most modern IDEs can do similar "static analysis" that compilers do to determine types, etc. Some even do a very lightweight "compile" to determine what overloads are appropriate, etc.
Also note that IDEs and the actual compiler may not always agree. IDE analysis is designed to be very fast, so the analysis done by the IDE may be less robust and less accurate than a static compiler.
So in a sense these are all "compile-time" in that the only information that is available is what is present in the code. This is opposed to "run-time" where other factors such as user input, environment, and state can change the flow and interpretation of the program in ways that the compiler could not account for.
QUESTION
I am working on extending a Vue.js frontend application. I am currently inspecting a render function within a functional component. After looking over the docs, I had the current understanding that the render function within the functional component will return a single VNode created with CreateElement aka h. My confusion came when I saw a VNode being returned as an element in an array. I could not find any reference to this syntax in the docs. Does anyone have any insight?
...ANSWER
Answered 2021-Jun-15 at 15:37It seems this was implemented in:
https://github.com/vuejs/vue/commit/c7c13c2a156269d29fd9c9f8f6a3e53a2f2cac3d
This was a result of an issue raised in 2018 (https://github.com/vuejs/vue/issues/8056) , because this.$scopedSlots.default() returned both a VNode or an array of VNodes depending on the content.
The main argument was that this is inconsistent with how regular slots behave in render functions, and means any render function component rendering scoped slots as children needs to type check the result of invoking the slot to decide if it needs to be wrapped in an array
So Evan comments on the issue thread here, explaining that this.$scopedSlots.default would always return Arrays beginning v2.6 to allow for consistency, but to avoid breaking changes for how $scopedSlots was being used, the update would also allow return of an Array of a single VNode from render functions as well.
QUESTION
I'm trying to import 'greek' to 'api' file in same directory
This is my directory
...ANSWER
Answered 2021-Jun-15 at 16:13If the parent folder is api
and a child is greek
, then what you need is
- An
__init__.py
file in theapi
folder - Then you can do
from api import greek
orfrom api.greek import *
Updating my response since original post has been updated and a directory structure (different from earlier post) provided
- Based on your updated directory structure, I do not believe you need the
__init___.py
. - It seems you need a function or class called
alphabet
which is ingreek.py
. You should just doimport greek
and then to usealphabet
, you dogreek.alphabet
QUESTION
I've been playing around with Eloquent for a while, but I met a case where Eloquent::where() is not working as I expected. I managed to get Collection::where() worked instead though. However, I'm still wondering why Eloquent::where() didn't work in my case. I will keep the problem as simple as I can, here it goes:
- I have Product and ProductCategory as many-to-many relationships and the pivot table name is "product_relate_category".
- Here is the relationship between them. It's still working so you can skip
ANSWER
Answered 2021-Jun-15 at 05:32in your where in the query, you have used the column 'id' which is existed in the product_relate_category table and products table, so the database can't determine exactly what column you mean ... in this case you should write the full column name:
QUESTION
I am running the following script to create pdf file.
...ANSWER
Answered 2021-Jun-14 at 17:32Given the comments, the problem is due to the OP accessing a directory without permissions. Several answers might be appropriate in this case but likely require knowing more about the system (Linux, Windows, Mac, which directory, etc.). However, I feel like the easiest way to avoid such hassles is to simply move your code into a sub-directory that is in your HOME directory.
HOME directory might mean different things depending on your system, but it is usually the one that contains your "documents" folder.
If you do not want to move the codebase for some reason, you wil require assistance with changing permissions and are best off asking in system-specific forum or with system-specific tags.
QUESTION
Hi I am learning about api security and reading material for Oauth. I am little confusion as below.
I am a client and using the api services from some third party. Once I as a client login to my client app and later I need to access api. Then the authorization process start. In the first step I need to get request for authorization code, once the consent is developed and Oauth server return the temporary authorization code then client will be requesting for the token. In this step client would be sending client id and client secret with other parameters. Lets say if one of the programmer who developed the code or has access to the code would know the client id and also the client secret. Once that developer leaves the company then how protected that client id and client secret is? Having the client id and client secret one can easily access the resources.
...ANSWER
Answered 2021-Jun-14 at 11:59You are correct that someone with access to the client_id
and client_secret
- and some dedication - could potentially access the resources. Do note that it also requires obtaining an authorization code from the user, which requires phishing or some other kind of - not too difficult - attack on the side. But basically impersonating the client when you have the client credentials is easy.
To prevent that, you can use techniques that are used elsewhere for keeping secrets out of the hands of rogue developers, such as:
- rotate the client secret regularly
- change the client secret explicitly on certain events, e.g. when someone leaves or a leak was detected
- use a PKI solution for client authentication (such as
private_key_jwt
) which does not require any changes on the Provider side to rollover the client's certificate/key, thus making the first two approaches easier (in case the client cert/key is compromised) - use different secrets in production that in development environments and shield the secrets in production environments from people that should not have access
- etc.
QUESTION
Am a self learning developer, now learning Java. I have learned that to use method reference for a Functional Interface, the signature of the method we referring must match the signature of the abstract method inside that functional interface.
But While learning Comparator, found that "Comparator.comparing()" method takes Function interface and returns a Comparator. I know that the abstract method of Function interface must take a argument and return a value.
but I can able to pass any method(as method reference) that partially (not fully) matches the signature of Function interface to the comparing() method of Comparator.
for example consider the below example.
...ANSWER
Answered 2021-Jun-11 at 13:00In class Movie
, getTitle()
is an instance method. It therefore takes one argument, namely an argument of type Movie
(the implicit parameter). To call method getTitle()
, you need a target object:
QUESTION
I am new to SwiftUI (iOS App Ver 14.x) as I normally use Xamarin.
In this case I need to have the application specifically written in SwiftUI. (I am aware that some stuff still needs UIKit).
I have got my head around it though I am generally speaking struggling to get to grips with where and how to store stuff.
For example (greatly simplified) let us say I want the following:
All in the same view.
Two form fields:
First Name: … Last Name: …
A Button that says, “Add Photo”.
A Button that says, “Save Locally” (N/a but just for info, to be later uploaded to a web service that isn't always available at some point).
Now doing all the standard stuff this is pretty straight forward.
BUT.
I want to encrypt the form input (once converted to JSON, note I can convert to JSON easy enough).
I also want to encrypt the image before it is stored. (the real app has more than one image).
The stuff will be encrypted in the real app using asymmetric encryption (which I understand well, again this is not so relevant here).
But for the sake of example, I am happy to just ‘encrypt’ the JSON and picture as two separate files using something simple just to show the idea. XOR it or something simple to show.
My question is where is the best places code wise to do this with some basic examples if possible. I know this is a little subjective but just something simple and obvious. Click button, run this func, do this type of thing etc.
Where do I store stuff (which I am finding a bit all over the place)? This is my main source of confusion being honest.
My understanding is that you would use a FileManager object and the documents directory (though I am not sure if this is best practice, or even the right place.
The requirement from a client is that nothing is stored unencrypted for compliance reasons (completely ignoring anything Apple have in place good or bad).
...ANSWER
Answered 2021-Jun-14 at 06:58Yes you can just store it in the documents folder by using file manager:
FileManager.url(for: .documentDirectory, in: .userDomainMask, appropriateFor: nil, create: false)[0]
As for encryption, if you encrypt the data before writing them to disk then they are encrypted...
One issue is that the encryption key has to be stored securely as well. For this, I usually generate the key when it is first used and store in keychain. Hard-coding the key in the code is not as secure because it makes the key identical for all users, and the binary can (not sure how easy) be reverse-engineered. We have to trust Apple's keychain to be secure. Some checks for jailbreaking may also help hear.
Also note that unlike other app data (UserDefaults, files etc), keychain is NOT cleared when the app is reinstalled!!! This can be a major source of headache. If desired, you can work around this by running a a chunk of code to clear the keychain when the app runs the first time after installation (by keeping a flag in UserDefaults, for example, which is cleared when app is reinstalled).
QUESTION
I have created a confusion matrix using the following code:
...ANSWER
Answered 2021-Apr-27 at 18:43Try to add this line after the first geom_tile
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