epilogue | Create flexible REST endpoints and controllers | REST library

Reading assembly tutorials, I saw that "function" prologue/epilogue consist in :

while testing my mail contents, in actual mail it displays the mail contents, but while testing my mail in rspec it does'nt shows the content, as it shows only the email image attachment, previously without sending the attachment in mail, it shows the email body in rspec, but now it doest show the contents in rspec after attaching image attachment, so how to fetch the content

my rspec result

I've been trying to get the labels to be on the left side above the text input, but all I've managed to do is make it towards the center instead. What am I doing wrong? Sorry if the way I'm labelling things seem odd, I'm still very new to HTML and CSS.

The output that I want

The output I'm getting

HTML

In C - Linux OS, when a function is called the epilogue portion of Assembly creates a stack frame and the local variables are in reference to base pointers. My question is that what makes the variable hold undetermined values when we print the variable without initializing. My theory is that when we make use of the variable, the OS brings the page corresponding to the local variable's address and the address in that page may have some value that makes the value of the local variable. Is that correct?

I have a task that is to write my_free() and my_malloc() function.

But how do we create epilogue and prologue to properly misalign header and footer?

Supposedly we use sbrk() requries 4096 bytes from the heap.

Do I do

Our team is having difficulties identifying tasks in a sprint that are open for work. We use Azure DevOps and assign our stories and tasks to a sprint iteration. Our team workflow is modeled after the DevOps Scrum template. All tasks are child work items of stories. Additionally, we set Successor and Predecessor relationships between tasks. We also set Successor and Predecessor relationships between stories. We typically break stories down into tasks small enough so we can swarm a story and get it done quicker. Identifying concurrent work is crucial for our team.

Typical Azure DevOps Sprint Taskboard

The sprint taskboard looks like a complete mess. Each story is a blob of tasks. Developers and testers have difficulty going to the sprint taskboard to find the next open task, because they need to view each task under each story to ensure the predecessors for a task are closed. I'm not sure how to interpret the taskboard view to get this same information.

Typical Work Item Relationships

Azure DevOps allows you to visualize a work item to show its immediate work item relationships. This does not provide enough context when stories have numerous tasks and the relationships between tasks are deep. Each task work item is a child of a story in addition to the predecessor/successor relationships between tasks. On top of that, we order tasks under stories as well.

To be honest, I frequently resort to creating flowcharts just like the one above. It gives a clear visual representation of an entire story from start to finish. You can clearly see areas in the workflow where we can assign work to multiple developers or testers. I just can't shake the feeling I'm missing something in DevOps...

Question:

Is there an automatic order to tasks in the Azure DevOps taskboard view that communicates the predecessor/successor relationships between tasks under a story, beyond the explicit ordering of tasks in the sprint?

Epilogue: I understand that this question will receive comments that we should break stories into smaller pieces, or that one developer should work on a story and we should plan stories that we can work on concurrently. I tried this approach with our team for years, and this is the most efficient way for us to complete work. I fought this hard for a long time, but the fact is the team does extremely well with this breakdown of work — except with identifying the next thing to work on.

Consider the following:

In a Perl script of mine, I have to write a mix of UTf-8 and raw bytes into files.

I have a big string in which everything is encoded as UTF-8. In that "source" string, UTF-8 characters are just like they should be (that is, UTF-8-valid byte sequences), while the "raw bytes" have been stored as if they were codepoints of the value held by the raw byte. So, in the source string, a "raw" byte of 0x50 would be stored as one 0x50 byte; whereas a "raw" byte of 0xff would be stored as a 0xc3 0xbf two-byte utf-8-valid sequence. When I write these "raw" bytes back, I need to put them back to single-byte form.

I have other data structures allowing me to know which parts of the string represent what kind of data. A list of fields, types, lengths, etc.

When writing in a plain file, I write each field in turn, either directly (if it's UTF-8) or by encoding its value to ISO-8859-1 if it's meant to be raw bytes. It works perfectly.

Now, in some cases, I need to write the value not directly to a file, but as a record of a BerkeleyDB (Btree, but that's mostly irrelevant) database. To do that, I need to write ALL the values that compose my record, in a single write operation. Which means that I need to have a scalar that holds a mix of UTF-8 and raw bytes.

Example:

Input Scalar (all hex values): 61 C3 8B 00 C3 BF

Expected Output Format: 2 UTF-8 characters, then 2 raw bytes.

Expected Output: 61 C3 8B 00 FF

At first, I created a string by concatenating the same values I was writing to my file from an empty string. And I tried writing that very string to a "standard" file without adding encoding. I got '?' characters instead of all my raw bytes over 0x7f (because, obviously, Perl decided to consider my string to be UTF-8).

Then, to try and tell Perl that it was already encoded, and to "please not try to be smart about it", I tried to encode the UTF-8 parts into "UTF-8", encode the binary parts into "ISO-8859-1", and concatenate everything. Then I wrote it. This time, the bytes looked perfect, but the parts which were already UTF-8 had been "double-encoded", that is, each byte of a multi-byte character had been seen as its codepoint...

I thought Perl wasn't supposed to re-encode "internal" UTF-8 into "encoded" UTF-8, if it was internally marked as UTF-8. The string holding all the values in UTF-8 comes from a C API, which sets the UTF-8 marker (or is supposed to, at the very least), to let Perl know it is already decoded.

Any idea about what I did miss there?

Is there a way to tell Perl what I want to do is just put a bunch of bytes one after another, and to please not try to interpret them in any way? The file I write to is opened as ">:raw" for that very reason, but I guess I need a way to specify that a given scalar is "raw" too?

Epilogue: I found the cause of the problem. The $bigInputString was supposed to be entirely composed of UTF-8 encoded data. But it did contain raw bytes with big values, because of a bug in C (turns out a "char" (not "unsigned char") is best tested with bitwise operators, instead of a " > 127"... ahem). So, "big" bytes weren't split into a two-bytes UTF-8 sequence, in the C API.

Which means the $bigInputString, created from the bad C data, didn't have the expected contents, and Perl rightfully didn't like it either.

After I corrected the bug, the string correctly encoded to UTF-8 (for the parts I wanted to keep as UTF-8) or LATIN-1 (for the "raw bytes" I wanted to convert back), and I got no further problems.

Sorry for wasting your time, guys. But I still learned some things, so I'll keep this here. Moral of the story, Devel::Peek is GOOD for debugging (thanks ikegami), and one should always double check, instead of assuming. Granted, I was in a hurry on friday, but the fault is still mine.

So, thanks to everyone who helped, or tried to, and special thanks to ikegami (again), who used quite a bit of his time helping me.

I started to write a BrainF*ck interpreter for my OS in 32-bit x86 assembly. I have already written one in C that just works and tried to implement it in assembly but the one written in assembly doesn't print any output.

I'm still new to assembly so I guess I just made some beginner mistakes. Only thing I can think of is that I messed up the addressing somewhere. I'd be really happy if someone could point out what I'm doing wrong.

I tested the C and assembly programs with the same input:

-[--->+<]>---.+[----->+++<]>.[--->+<]>+.[--->++<]>-.++++.

It should print RexOS

I created a pastebin of my C code if that helps understand what I'm trying to accomplish: pastebin

My assembly code is the following: