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Does not foldLeft accumulate value that was earlier?

yes it does. It uses result of previous iteration and current element and produces new result (using the binary operator you have provided) so for the first example next steps are happening:

1. the start value of accumulator - ""

2. acc = "", curr = "Plain" -> " , Plain Donut "

3. acc = " , Plain Donut ", curr = "Strawberry" -> " , Plain Donut , Strawberry Donut "

4. acc = " , Plain Donut , Strawberry Donut ", curr = "Strawberry" -> " , Plain Donut , Strawberry Donut , Glazed Donut"

For the second example current value is simply ignored - i.e. multi can be rewritten as def multi(acc:Int, curr:Int):Int = acc*10 where curr is not actually used so foldLeft simply multiplies starting value (1) by 10 n times where n is number of elements in the sequence (i.e. (1 until 3).length which is 2).

Why does it not take any input variables (num and num1)?

foldLeft is a function which accepts a function. It accepts a generic function which in turn accepts two parameters and returns result of the same type as the first parameter (op: (B, A) => B, where B is the the result type and A is sequence element type). multi matches this definition when B == A == Int and is passed to the foldLeft which will internally provide the input variables on the each step.

in your code the snippet Object.keys(data).map(.....) converts it to array. Now when you put this array in string literal JavaScript will try to convert it to a string so it will call .toString() on it which joins all the elements of array using , by default.

instead do this Object.keys(data).map(....).join("") this will join array with empty string

SOLUTION:

The quotation marks that appear around a chr object in a list appear to have been the problem. Removing those quotation marks when passing a list index to the path argument in spark_read_parquet allows the function to run normally.

So the solution in brief:

tmp <- spark_read_parquet(sc, "tmp", path = noquotes(dt_ls[1]))

And an example of the input causing the issue:

I have tried to set bottom=1 in ax.bar but that just adds 1 to the data values.

You can create the hole by subtracting the bottom value from heights:

Some recursion should work here:

It looks like your code is doing 3D Delaunay triangulation, not alpha shapes.

From the documentation for Delaunay3D:

For a non-zero alpha value, only verts, edges, faces, or tetra contained within the circumsphere (of radius alpha) will be output.

In this implementation of Delaunay triangulation, alpha is a radius that can't be negative.

Looks like VTK is silently changing it to 0 right here in the code: https://github.com/Kitware/VTK/blob/01f5cc18fd9f0c8e34a5de313d53d2178ff6e325/Filters/Core/vtkDelaunay3D.h#L129

The documentation also mentions explicitly that the "alpha" is not the same as the alpha in alpha shapes, it's merely means something similar.

(The notion of alpha value is derived from Edelsbrunner's work on "alpha shapes".) Note that a modification to alpha shapes enables output of combinations of tetrahedra, triangles, lines, and/or verts (see the boolean ivars AlphaTets, AlphaTris, AlphaLines, AlphaVerts).

I'm not a PhD in CS/Geometry so maybe I'm missing something, but it seems like that class is not really what you want.

So try setting alpha as something small and positive and if your data is toroidal it will probably give you what you want.

I only add this as an answer to share the images. This isn't due to ggplot2 output. No matter how big or small I exported the image, I did not get the output to reflect what you have.

What circumstances led you to the image you have? Was it a screenshot in RStudio? Was it an exported image? Was it in R Markdown?

In your function you checking value of single dataPoint over and over data[4]. What you need to do is checking current series and dataPoint like this:

So, there are a few issues. I assume you changed the code for testing because you're not calling the function selectWord() anywhere (and the element is commented out).

You cannot use .split('') because that breaks strings into individual characters, not words, so everything has a length of 1. You need to change both your split and join to be .split(' ') and .join(' ').

Please also note, your text variable is an array, not a DOM object. Therefore it does not posses the innerHTML and innerText properties

The correct script would be.