expressive | A simple and small boilerplate for NodeJS with Express | Runtime Evironment library
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A simple and small boilerplate for NodeJS with Express
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QUESTION
I am creating a turn based game. I want to define a datatype that encodes one type out of many possible types. Here is the motivating example:
I have defined a Turn
type using GADTs, so the type of each value of Turn a
says something about it's value.
ANSWER
Answered 2021-Jun-12 at 21:19Something like this, I guess:
QUESTION
['[{"word":"meaning","phonetics":[{"text":"/ˈmiːnɪŋ/","audio":"https://lex-audio.useremarkable.com/mp3/meaning_gb_1.mp3"}],"meanings":[{"partOfSpeech":"noun","definitions":[{"definition":"What '
'is meant by a word, text, concept, or '
'action.","synonyms":["definition","sense","explanation","denotation","connotation","interpretation","elucidation","explication"],"example":"the '
'meaning of the Hindu word is ‘breakthrough, '
'release’"}]},{"partOfSpeech":"adjective","definitions":[{"definition":"Intended '
'to communicate something that is not directly '
'expressed.","synonyms":["meaningful","significant","pointed","eloquent","expressive","pregnant","speaking","telltale","revealing","suggestive"]}]}]}]']
...ANSWER
Answered 2021-Jun-06 at 08:11I believe this is what you want
QUESTION
Is there a algorithm in STL that will sweep two (equally sized) ranges and call a function for each pair of entries?
std::equal()
and std::transform()
seem to follow this notion, but they are not that expressive when the intention is to, say, calculate the sum of difference squares of two vectors:
ANSWER
Answered 2021-May-28 at 08:38The standard library has both inner_product
and transform_reduce
that'll do this for you. The latter is C++17.
QUESTION
The official documentation recommands to use the same receiver name everywhere. But does it really make sense to comply with that?
I mean, I imagine something like func (first Foo) concat(second Foo) (combinded Foo)
to be more expressive, while first
does only make sense in that very context of concatenation. If we don't go that route, we're basically forced to resort to some agnostic but useless receiver naming like f
, wasting an opportuniy for self-documenting code.
ANSWER
Answered 2021-May-21 at 09:49The name of a method's receiver should be a reflection of its identity; often a one or two letter abbreviation of its type suffices (such as "c" or "cl" for "Client"). Don't use generic names such as "me", "this" or "self", identifiers typical of object-oriented languages that gives the method a special meaning. In Go, the receiver of a method is just another parameter and therefore, should be named accordingly. The name need not be as descriptive as that of a method argument, as its role is obvious and serves no documentary purpose. It can be very short as it will appear on almost every line of every method of the type; familiarity admits brevity. Be consistent, too: if you call the receiver "c" in one method, don't call it "cl" in another.
If you have a single method, it probably doesn't matter. If you have a type with many (maybe even dozens of methods), it does help if you use the same receiver name in all. It's much easier to read and understand.
Also if you want / have to copy some code from one method to another (refactoring), if the receiver name is the same, you can just do copy / paste and your done, you don't have to start editing the different names.
Also Dave Cheney: Practical Go: Real world advice for writing maintainable Go programs:
2.4. Use a consistent naming styleAnother property of a good name is it should be predictable. The reader should be able to understand the use of a name when they encounter it for the first time. When they encounter a common name, they should be able to assume it has not changed meanings since the last time they saw it.
For example, if your code passes around a database handle, make sure each time the parameter appears, it has the same name. Rather than a combination of
d *sql.DB
,dbase *sql.DB
,DB *sql.DB
, anddatabase *sql.DB
, instead consolidate on something like;
QUESTION
This is probably an AB mistake on my part.
While reading my dataset usually some files are NOT a part of it. I want to be robust against that - to just ignore them, simply log the omission.
But I am in love with exceptions thus Spectrum read_csv( const fs:path & dataset );
throws.
I want to keep it that way because the .pdf
and other files my supervisor has embedded into the data structure should stay there.
The following implementation seems elegant. But fails at the first wrong file. A try/catch
alternative works. But is not as expressive. Can this work somehow while read_csv()
throws; those exceptions to be at most logged?
ANSWER
Answered 2021-May-30 at 00:26You need to come up with your own transform
taking a functor to call upon exception thrown. This is probably a (really) bad design though as that implementation would need to "catch everything".
You might be in love with exceptions, but this is a scenario where you do not want to use them. After all, you're expecting some file to be missing. You wouldn't write
QUESTION
Intro:
Some of you may have noticed that something has broken in relation to the querySelectorAll
method of MSHTML.HTMLDocument
from MSHTML.Dll
(via a Microsoft HTML Document Library
reference). This, I believe, has happened in the last month. It may not affect all users and I will update this Q&A as I get more info on which versions etc are affected. Please feel free to comment below with your set-up and whether working or not for both late-bound and early-bound (as per code in answer)
Accessing DispStaticNodeList
methods:
Traditionally, at least in my experience, it has been the norm to hold a reference to the DispStaticNodeList
, which is what querySelectorAll
returns, in a generic late-bound Object
type:
E.g.
...ANSWER
Answered 2021-May-19 at 21:26Do not despair VBA web-scrapers (I know there are a few!) We can still have the luxury of css selectors and the benefits, though admittedly somewhat limited in VBA, that they bring.
To the rescue:
MSHTML
, gratias IE, offers a number of scripting object interfaces . One of which is the IHTMLDOMChildrenCollection
interface, which inherits from IDispatch
, and which:
provides methods to access items in the collection.
This includes the .Length
property and access to items via .item(index)
.
QUESTION
Is there a quick and expressive way to make a copy of an existing object and pass it into r-value reference? I've an existing API that takes r-value references as parameter. But I can't change it due to backwards compatibility nor I can overload it because of the shear amount of overloads it have already. For example, foo
is my existing API.:
ANSWER
Answered 2021-May-14 at 05:45You can make a copy like this:
QUESTION
I was plotting a scatter plot to show null values in dataframe. As you can see the plt.scatter() function is not expressive enough. Relation between list(range(0,1200)) and 'a' is not clear unless you see the previous lines. Can the plt.scatter(x,y) be written in a more explicit way where it could be easily understood how x and y is related. Like if somebody only see the plt.scatter(x,y) , they would understand what it is about.
...ANSWER
Answered 2021-May-13 at 16:41On your x axis you have the number, then on the y-axis you want to plot the number of columns in your DataFrame that have more than that number of null values.
Instead of your loop you can count the number of null values within each column and use numpy.broadcasting
, ([:, None]
), to compare with an array of your numbers. This allows you to specify an xarr
of the numbers, then you use that same array in the comparison.
QUESTION
I have an array of objects whose interfaces all extend a base interface.
I want to map these objects onto a React component which will route to specialised components for each of the supported child interfaces -- but first, I want to map over the array and extend each object with an onClick
handler, whose signature is a generic which I want to specialise to suit whichever child interface it's being mapped onto.
I've come up with a solution that looks as though it should work, but I can't shake this TS error: Type 'AWithClick' is not assignable to type 'IntrinsicAttributes
. I see plenty of references in SO and elsewhere to TS errors related to that interface, but none quite seems to apply here.
I checked my solution against this helpful article, and I think the main difference in my implementation is that I'm trying to extend items from the union with specialised onClick
s, rather than defining the specialised onClick
s in the individual interfaces in the original union. The array of objects comes from a store, and I'm basically mapping its entities to component props, so I want to keep component props interfaces separate from the store interfaces.
npx create-react-app repro --template typescript
Replace App.tsx with the following:
...ANSWER
Answered 2021-Apr-29 at 07:57It seems that typescript can't quite follow the logic to know that you are refining the type adequately.
But TestComponent
here does not need to be generic. You can simply declare your argument as the superset of what you support, and then refine the type with conditionals.
This works:
QUESTION
I've been getting into Automata theory, compilers and the fundamentals of CS, but there is something fundamental that I don't understand.
I have seen the Chomsky Hierarchy of languages where different classes of languages that have different expressive power are "associated" with an equivalently powerful automaton.
From Wikipedia :
GRAMMAR LANGUAGE AUTOMATON
- Type-0 Recursively enumerable Turing machine
- Type-1 Context-sensitive Linear-bounded non-deterministic Turing machine-
- Type-2 Context-free Non-deterministic pushdown automaton
- Type-3 Regular Finite state automaton
I've seen that every programming language are Turing Complete and that the grammar specifications of programming languages (formalised in BNF, etc..) can be expressed as a Context-free Grammar.
Context-free grammars dont have an "associated" Turing Machine as equivalent.
During interpretation / compilation, the string of the source code of a program written in a programming language (like C, python, etc..) is parsed/translated into an Abstract Syntax Tree.
(As I understand, this is like extracting an array from a string when matching the string against a regular expression, except that the pattern here is not a regular expression, it is a context-free grammar, which is more powerful, hence the tree structure extracted which contain more information that a linear array (coming from capture groups of a regex).)
So the program written, potentially implementing a Turing Machine, is converted into an Abstract Syntax Tree, and all the information contained into the original program is now incorporated into the tree. And later, during execution, the program will accompished some computation that can be as complex as a Turing Machine.
My question is : How can a string expressed within the confines of the rules dictated by what a Context-free Grammar can be, be implementing a Turing Machine while the equivalence grammar/language/automata and the Chomsky Hierarchy say a Context-free Grammar isn't expressive enough to do so ?
Is one of my assumptions wrong ? Or is the fact that memory plays a role in this, and that there is a theorem that says something like : a Turing Machine can be implemented "using" a Tree + a Stack ?
This is really bugging me.
Anything that can enlighten me is really appreciated !
EDIT :
Here's a DUPLICATE of my question :
chomsky hierarchy and programming languages
Why I mistakenly thought that the syntax specification of a programming language defines its semantics ?
Because of what YACC does : (syntax-directed translation)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syntax-directed_translation
which associates the rules of the context-free grammar used to parse the programming language (which is used to make the abstract syntax tree) with an action. This is the source of my confusion.
For example, here's a copy paste of an extract of the source code of the perl5 interpreter. This is the file perly.y which is used to by yacc to make the first pass of compilation.
...ANSWER
Answered 2021-Apr-22 at 00:39The 'level' of grammar you use to define a language determines the automaton required to recognize (parse) that language, but it is unrelated to the "power" of that language.
E.g., if you use a Type 2 grammar (CFG) to define a language, the Chomsky hierarchy tells you that you'll need a pushdown automaton to recognize it, but the language might be a Turing-complete programming language, or it might be a language for regular expressions, or it might be a language with no computational "power" at all.
For a more extreme example, you can imagine using a Type 3 grammar (regular expression) to define a language for 'programming' a Turing machine.
The power of a language (in particular, whether it's Turing-complete) depends on its semantics, not its syntax.
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