rooting | Custom rooting process including language management

The context: I'm using the ape package to calculate Moran's I, cannibalizing the procedure identified here. I keep getting this error:

Error in if (obs <= ei) 2 * pv else 2 * (1 - pv) : missing value where TRUE/FALSE needed

Rooting around on Stack Overflow and the Internet, I have found some suggestions that this error can result from having infinite values or NA values. When I run sum(is.infinite(inv.coord.distances)) I still end up with four infinite values. Using sum(is.na()), sum(is.nan()) and sum.is(null()) returns zero of those potential problems. When I manually search my 93x93 matrix, I do not see any INF values, though this method is not fool-proof. Nonetheless, I keep getting this error and my sum(is.infinite()) operation keeps telling me there are four infinite values. This happens whether I use UTM or latitude and longitude.

My question: Is there a command that returns the cell location of all my infinite values in my matrix? I tried which(inv.coord.distances != inf), but evidently which() will not find infinite values in a matrix.

I am trying to check what files that are present in my full_list_files are also present in required_list.
The thing here is they are not exactly equal to one other , but macthes with filename and last sub directory.

Example :
'C:\Users\Documents\Updated\Build\Output\M\Application_1.bin' matches with "M/Application_1.bin" except the slashes are different.
So I am trying to make both uniform by using the function convert_fslash_2_bslash

But still, I see the output as below ,none of the files are matched.

I am currently researching task offloading strategies for mobile devices and need to be able to transfer data between devices automatically without the users being on the same WiFi network. As far as I know the user needs to explicitly accept connections both with WiFi Direct(P2P) and Bluetooth.

Is there any way around the explicit connection acceptance? Does other/better options exist?

Anything goes as long as it enables me to share data between devices in an ubiquitous fashion. Preferably without rooting the device.

I am making an app that will fetch the server logs and store it in end-users android phone. I am reading and writing the file using InputStream and FileOutputStream which generates a new text file under data/data//files folder of Emulator. However, it is not showing in my physical android device when connected through USB. Used below logic:

I am new to Trusty TEE OS. Is there any way to find out if an Android Device uses such an OS without rooting the device ?

AFAIK there, DRM (Digital Rights Management) is the most widely used application of Trusty OS. Some examples for DRM frameworks are Widevine/PlayReady/ClearKey.

Does it mean that if any of these frameworks are present in the Android device, it is safe to assume that there is an underlying Trusty TEE OS in use ?

Thanks

I published my program onto an Azure Website and this error arose:

The error only seems to occur when I try to add data to the connected Azure SQL Server, or pull (some of the) data from the Azure SQL Server. Could this be a dependency issue? If so, I'm using a netcoreapp3.1 with Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.SqlServer version 3.1.4. Here is a further screenshot of the other NuGet packages and their versions:

I've tried to look elsewhere to find a solution to this problem, but this seems to be a one-of-a-kind issue specific to my program. Let me know if any other information is needed as I'm not sure what this error is truly rooting from.

I have developed an app for Android/iOS which calculates a value based on the users input. If an event occurs, this calculated value will be sent to my Backend as normal HTTPS payload. My question is now, how can I make sure, that this value is really only calculated by the source code of my app? Is there a way to handle such a problem?

To make it clear: I want to avoid, that somebody is rooting his phone, extract the Auth-Token from the private storage of my app and sends a valid HTTPS-Payload to my Backend with fictitious payload, manually or by manipulating the source code.

From the view of the backend, it's difficult to evaluate the payload based on its values if it is valid or not.

Any suggestions appreciated!

----------EDIT-----------

For the sake of completeness: apart from the answers here, the following are also very interesting:

Where to keep static information securely in Android app?

How to secure an API REST for mobile app? (if sniffing requests gives you the "key")

I'm trying to root and mod an old note 3, with a lot of effort because there are no more guides, links, etc.

I start from a stock rom lolipop (just installed).

Among the first things to do it seems there is oem unlocking, which some lucky ones have in the developer options, but I don't.

Unblocking oem seems to have to be done with adb, fastboot with a couple of commands:

I'm trying to repurposed my Sony Xperia Z3 Compact into a lcd display project. In order to proceed, I would like to mod my Xperia phone so that the phone will automatically turn on when charger turn ON. I search around and found some script like https://android.stackexchange.com/questions/20021/automatically-power-on-android-when-the-charger-is-connected and some people mentioned that I should mod chargemon file. But when I replace this file, my phone cannot boot into the system.