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QUESTION
There is claim in this article that an array of ints in JavaScript is implemented by a C++ array of ints.
However; According to MDN unless you specifically use BigInts, in JavaScript all numbers are repressed as doubles.
If I do:
...ANSWER
Answered 2021-Dec-18 at 22:09(V8 developer here.)
"C++ array of ints" is a bit of a simplification, but the key idea described in that article is correct, and an array [0, 1, 2, 3]
will be stored as an array of "Smis".
What's a "Smi"? While every Number in JavaScript must behave like an IEEE754 double, V8 internally represents numbers as "small integer" (31 bits signed integer value + 1 bit tag) when it can, i.e. when the number has an integral value in the range -2**30
to 2**30-1
, to improve efficiency. Engines can generally do whatever they want under the hood, as long as things behave as if the implementation followed the spec to the letter. So when the spec (or MDN documentation) says "all Numbers are doubles", what it really means from the engine's (or an engine developer's) point of view is "all Numbers must behave as if they were doubles".
When an array contains only Smis, then the array itself keeps track of that fact, so that values loaded from such arrays know their type without having to check. This matters e.g. for a[i] + 1
, where the implementation of +
doesn't have to check whether a[i]
is a Smi when it's already known that a
is a Smi array.
When the first number that doesn't fit the Smi range is stored in the array, it'll be transitioned to an array of doubles (strictly speaking still not a "C++ array", rather a custom array on the garbage-collected heap, but it's similar to a C++ array, so that's a good way to explain it).
When the first non-Number is stored in an array, what happens depends on what state the array was in before: if it was a "Smi array", then it only needs to forget the fact that it contains only Smis. No rewriting is needed, as Smis are valid object pointers thanks to their tag bit. If the array was a "double array" before, then it does have to be rewritten, so that each element is a valid object pointer. All the doubles will be "boxed" as so-called "heap numbers" (objects on the managed heap that only wrap a double value) at this point.
In summary, I'd like to point out that in the vast majority of cases, there's no need to worry about any of these internal implementation tricks, or even be aware of them. I certainly understand your curiosity though! Also, array representations are one of the more common reasons why microbenchmarks that don't account for implementation details can easily be misleading by suggesting results that won't carry over to a larger app.
Addressing comments:
V8 does sometimes even use int16 or lower.
Nope, it does not. It may or may not start doing so in the future; though if anything does change, I'd guess that untagged int32 is more likely to be introduced than int16; also if anything does change about the implementation then of course the observable behavior would not change.
If you believe that your application would benefit from int16 storage, you can use an Int16Array
to enforce that, but be sure to measure whether that actually benefits you, because quite likely it won't, and may even decrease performance depending on what your app does with its arrays.
It may start to be a double when you make it a decimal
Slightly more accurately: there are several reasons why an array of Smis needs to be converted to an array of doubles, such as:
- storing a fractional value in it, e.g.
0.5
- storing a large value in it, e.g.
2**34
- storing
NaN
orInfinity
or-0
in it
QUESTION
I'm trying to make a workable App where you get from an API some data and that data is randomly changes every 3 seconds and with a button the user can print the data and by pressing again it stops, i have managed to complete this(as seen bellow) part(btw new to react js):
...ANSWER
Answered 2021-Nov-29 at 08:29The problem looks to be with localStorage.removeItem(key, jokesJsonified);
removeItem just needs the key and not the value.
Also there is unnecessary rerender on setting jokes array. Make jokes array as ref instead of state.
Here is an working example in codesandbox
QUESTION
I extracted table from pdf using pdftools in r. The table in PDF has multi-line texts for the columns. I replaced the spaces with more than 2 spaces with "|" so that it's easier. But the problem I'm running into is that because of the multi-line and the way the table is formatted in the PDF, the data is coming in out of order. The original looks like this
The data that I extracted looks like this:
...ANSWER
Answered 2021-Aug-30 at 03:07Unfortunately a reprex will be to complex so here goes a description of how you can achive a structured df:
I am afraid you have to use pdftools::pdf_data()
instead of pdftools::pdf_text()
.
This way you get a df for each page in a list. In these dfs you get a line for each word on the page and the exact location (plus extensions IRCC). With this at hands you can write a parser to accomplish your task... which will be a bit of work but this is the only way I know to solve this sort of problem.
update:I found a readr
function that helps for your case, since we can assume a fixed lenght (nchar()
) for the colum positions:
QUESTION
I'm trying to make a discord bot that puts roles based on which emoji you choose. Up to here it works well, but what I want to do is always keep the emoji counter always at 1 and if a user presses the button the role is assigned and if he represses it the role will have to be removed but always keeping the counter at 1
...ANSWER
Answered 2021-Aug-11 at 20:42If you want the bot to remove the reaction from the message after their role has been assigned to them you add something like this to your code in on_raw_reaction_add
after you assign the role.
QUESTION
I am adding sections to our website and all but one of them are working the way I want: i.e. no margin between sections.
I'm not able to get this one page's sections to have no margin between sections; they have extra space beneath. I have went over the code with a fine tooth comb and cannot find the error.
I am first including the code of a sample page that works correctly:
...ANSWER
Answered 2021-May-20 at 17:39What you are experiencing is called "collapsing margins". Example: If there's an h2
as the first child element inside a div, and the div has no margins, the top margin of the h2
will "go outside the div" at the top - h1, h2 etc. tags have a default margins in practically all browsers (which is a browser setting). To prevent that, you can define all margins for according elements as zero, like I did below with
QUESTION
I would like to be able to change the style of R-Markdown-generated bullets in ioslides document-wide through the CSS file.
I understand that I can use HTML to change the format of unordered bulleted lists within the body of an ioslides file in R Markdown, as is discussed here to change the color. Doing this for every bulleted list seems kludgy.
I tried adding this to the CSS file:
...ANSWER
Answered 2021-Mar-21 at 22:46To the best of my knowledge, bullets (and many other stylistic elements) can only be changed in the header of the slideshow that is knit from the "CSS" and .Rmd ioslides files.
Overall Explanation(N.b.: for ease, I'll refer to the "CSS" file as style.html
, the .Rmd file first created in RStudio as draft.Rmd
, and the final slideshow knit from those two files as slideshow.html
. Not that the names of all of these files can be changed by the user.)
My first clue (noted early on and then more or less ignore) was that the "CSS" file is not a cascading style sheet per se. Although by default named "style," the extension is correctly ".html"---not ".css": It's in fact an .html file---although one that contains elements relegated to headers.
ioslides takes the information in the style.html
file and integrates it into different parts of the final slideshow file that is creates from the style.html
and draft.Rmd
file. The formatting elements for the slideshow.html
are all in the header of that file. I.e., there is no separate .css file that slideshow.html
accesses for styles.
This means that some (arguably many) stylistic elements can be modified within the style.html
file but any other elements must be modified within the final slideshow.html
.
Of course, changing elements in style.html
is easy and allows for quick re-knits to test those changes. It also means that that style.html
file can be reused with other .Rmd files for consistent formatting.
Any other stylistic elements must be changed in the slideshow.html
that is (re)knit after any changes to either the style.html
or 'draft.Rmd` file. This can be a simple search/replace operation, so far from impossible---just less obvious or automated.
Searching through the header generated in the slideshow.html
file, I found:
QUESTION
I'm trying to take a screenshot, but all this time I get an error, I tried all the methods that were suggested here on the site, I also wrote in the manifest file:
...ANSWER
Answered 2021-Feb-25 at 07:10you have to give runtime permission in your java class call this function in oncreate method : requestStoragePermission()
and define the belowmethods outside onCreate
//Requesting permission
QUESTION
I'm trying to run plot()
, and I can't get the default axis labels or titles to show up on either the x or y axes. The last time I ran this code, it worked just fine. Both R and R Studio have been updated within the last month, and I've tried closing and restarting R Studio. I have the same issue with both my own data and built in data, such as the iris data set. As you can see, without repressing the axis labels and titles, no axis labels and titles are added to the plot of sepal length by species.
ANSWER
Answered 2020-Nov-25 at 19:16I've encountered this before and I think it is just a bug in R studio. Click the button that says clear all plots (the little broomstick) and it should perform as expected with the sample data.
QUESTION
Executing the following:
...ANSWER
Answered 2020-Nov-29 at 09:55This is how to use seaborn and matplotlib functionality together. You have to create a matplotlib figure first and make all the changes you need. Than call the seaborn function and adding the information about the axes you want to use.
This is a working minimal example.
QUESTION
I'm new to NLP. I want to extract music artist's name from plain text like that is posted on social media.
The text looks like this. (this is just sample, not real)
Today bandcamp is waiving fees again! CHANGE, TAYLOR SWIFT and POP SMOKE will be using all funds collected through bandcamp to donate to Anti Repression Committee. No Justice No Peace.
This time,I want to extract string "CHANGE","TAYLOR SWIFT","POP SMOKE". I already tried NLTK and spaCy but it didn't work as desired.
Is there any other idea how I can achieve this?
Thanks in advance.
...ANSWER
Answered 2020-Jun-10 at 21:53If you have a lot of upper case data like in your example, you might want to pass the data through a truecaser first. There’s one available in the Stanford NLP package. After that, spacy might have a better shot at picking the names out. On this text:
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