CIS530-project | A course project - Semantic Textual Similarity | Natural Language Processing library
kandi X-RAY | CIS530-project Summary
kandi X-RAY | CIS530-project Summary
The goal of this task is to measure semantic textual similarity between a given pair of sentences (what they mean rather than whether they look similar syntactically). While making such an assessment is trivial for humans, constructing algorithms and computational models that mimic human level performance represents a difficult and deep natural language understanding (NLU) problem. English: Birdie is washing itself in the water basin. English Paraphrase: The bird is bathing in the sink. Similarity Score: 5 ( The two sentences are completely equivalent, as they mean the same thing.). English: The young lady enjoys listening to the guitar. English Paraphrase: The woman is playing the violin. Similarity Score: 1 ( The two sentences are not equivalent, but are on the same topic. ). Semantic Textual Similarity (STS) measures the degree of equivalence in the underlying semantics of paired snippets of text. STS differs from both textual entailment and paraphrase detection in that it captures gradations of meaning overlap rather than making binary classifications of particular relationships. While semantic relatedness expresses a graded semantic relationship as well, it is non-specific about the nature of the relationship with contradictory material still being a candidate for a high score (e.g., “night” and “day” are highly related but not particularly similar). The task involves producing real-valued similarity scores for sentence pairs. Performance is measured by the Pearson correlation of machine scores with human judgments. STS is an annual shared task in SemEval since 2012. The STS shared tast data sets have been used extensively for research on sentence level similarity and semantic representations. We have access to STS benchmark which is a new shared training and evaluation set carefully selected from the corpus of English STS shared task data (2012-2017). Over the past five years, numerous participating teams, diverse approaches, and ongoing improvements to state-of-the-art methods have constantly raised the standard of this task.
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Top functions reviewed by kandi - BETA
- Compute a CNN
- Load data from file
- Extract the features between two sequences
- Load word2ids from file
- Extract the embedding between two sentences
- Train svr
- Calculate the distance between two words
- Compute overlap between two sequences
- Computes the absolute difference between two strings
- Train a training epoch
- Compute the embedding of a batch
- Extract the embedding of two sentences
- Compute the similarity between two vectors
- Generate a mini batch of examples
- Extract the common features from two strings
- Builds the vocabulary
- Calculate overlap between two strings
- Load word2id vocabulary
- Updates the vocab
- Load word score from file
- Encodes sentences
- Get the vocab from two files
- Visualize a sentence
- Get the iLO data for a given path
- Calculates the MM - T between two words
- Get optimizer function
- Computes the similarity between two sentences
- Evaluate the model
CIS530-project Key Features
CIS530-project Examples and Code Snippets
Community Discussions
Trending Discussions on Natural Language Processing
QUESTION
For a large scale text analysis problem, I have a data frame containing words that fall into different categories, and a data frame containing a column with strings and (empty) counting columns for each category. I now want to take each individual string, check which of the defined words appear, and count them within the appropriate category.
As a simplified example, given the two data frames below, i want to count how many of each animal type appear in the text cell.
...ANSWER
Answered 2022-Apr-14 at 13:32Here's a way do to it in the tidyverse
. First look at whether strings in df_texts$text
contain animals, then count them and sum by text and type.
QUESTION
I'm trying to figure out why Apple's Natural Language API returns unexpected results.
What am I doing wrong? Is it a grammar issue?
I have the following four strings, and I want to extract each word's "stem form."
...ANSWER
Answered 2022-Apr-01 at 20:30As for why the tagger doesn't find "accredit" from "accreditation", this is because the scheme .lemma
finds the lemma of words, not actually the stems. See the difference between stem and lemma on Wikipedia.
The stem is the part of the word that never changes even when morphologically inflected; a lemma is the base form of the word. For example, from "produced", the lemma is "produce", but the stem is "produc-". This is because there are words such as production and producing In linguistic analysis, the stem is defined more generally as the analyzed base form from which all inflected forms can be formed.
The documentation uses the word "stem", but I do think that the lemma is what is intended here, and getting "accreditation" is the expected behaviour. See the Usage section of the Wikipedia article for "Word stem" for more info. The lemma is the dictionary form of a word, and "accreditation" has a dictionary entry, whereas something like "accredited" doesn't. Whatever you call these things, the point is that there are two distinct concepts, and the tagger gets you one of them, but you are expecting the other one.
As for why the order of the words matters, this is because the tagger tries to analyse your words as "natural language", rather than each one individually. Naturally, word order matters. If you use .lexicalClass
, you'll see that it thinks the third word in text2
is an adjective, which explains why it doesn't think its dictionary form is "accredit", because adjectives don't conjugate like that. Note that accredited is an adjective in the dictionary. So "is it a grammar issue?" Exactly.
QUESTION
I am trying to clean up text using a pre-processing function. I want to remove all non-alpha characters such as punctuation and digits, but I would like to retain compound words that use a dash without splitting them (e.g. pre-tender, pre-construction).
...ANSWER
Answered 2022-Mar-29 at 09:14To remove all non-alpha characters but -
between letters, you can use
QUESTION
Looping over a list of bigrams to search for, I need to create a boolean field for each bigram according to whether or not it is present in a tokenized pandas series. And I'd appreciate an upvote if you think this is a good question!
List of bigrams:
...ANSWER
Answered 2022-Feb-16 at 20:28You could use a regex and extractall
:
QUESTION
Goal: to run this Auto Labelling Notebook on AWS SageMaker Jupyter Labs.
Kernels tried: conda_pytorch_p36
, conda_python3
, conda_amazonei_mxnet_p27
.
ANSWER
Answered 2022-Feb-03 at 09:29I would recommend to downgrade your milvus version to a version before the 2.0 release just a week ago. Here is a discussion on that topic: https://github.com/deepset-ai/haystack/issues/2081
QUESTION
I have a dataset of tens of thousands of dialogues / conversations between a customer and customer support. These dialogues, which could be forum posts, or long-winded email conversations, have been hand-annotated to highlight the sentence containing the customers problem. For example:
Dear agent, I am writing to you because I have a very annoying problem with my washing machine. I bought it three weeks ago and was very happy with it. However, this morning the door does not lock properly. Please help
Dear customer.... etc
The highlighted sentence would be:
However, this morning the door does not lock properly.
- What approaches can I take to model this, so that in future I can automatically extract the customers problem? The domain of the datasets are broad, but within the hardware space, so it could be appliances, gadgets, machinery etc.
- What is this type of problem called? I thought this might be called "intent recognition", but most guides seem to refer to multiclass classification. The sentence either is or isn't the customers problem. I considered analysing each sentence and performing binary classification, but I'd like to explore options that take into account the context of the rest of the conversation if possible.
- What resources are available to research how to implement this in Python (using tensorflow or pytorch)
I found a model on HuggingFace which has been pre-trained with customer dialogues, and have read the research paper, so I was considering fine-tuning this as a starting point, but I only have experience with text (multiclass/multilabel) classification when it comes to transformers.
...ANSWER
Answered 2022-Feb-07 at 10:21This type of problem where you want to extract the customer problem from the original text is called Extractive Summarization and this type of task is solved by Sequence2Sequence
models.
The main reason for this type of model being called Sequence2Sequence
is because the input and the output of this model would both be text.
I recommend you to use a transformers model called Pegasus which has been pre-trained to predict a masked text, but its main application is to be fine-tuned for text summarization (extractive or abstractive).
This Pegasus model is listed on Transformers library, which provides you with a simple but powerful way of fine-tuning transformers with custom datasets. I think this notebook will be extremely useful as guidance and for understanding how to fine-tune this Pegasus model.
QUESTION
My current data-frame is:
...ANSWER
Answered 2022-Jan-06 at 12:13try
QUESTION
I have several masked language models (mainly Bert, Roberta, Albert, Electra). I also have a dataset of sentences. How can I get the perplexity of each sentence?
From the huggingface documentation here they mentioned that perplexity "is not well defined for masked language models like BERT", though I still see people somehow calculate it.
For example in this SO question they calculated it using the function
...ANSWER
Answered 2021-Dec-25 at 21:51There is a paper Masked Language Model Scoring that explores pseudo-perplexity from masked language models and shows that pseudo-perplexity, while not being theoretically well justified, still performs well for comparing "naturalness" of texts.
As for the code, your snippet is perfectly correct but for one detail: in recent implementations of Huggingface BERT, masked_lm_labels
are renamed to simply labels
, to make interfaces of various models more compatible. I have also replaced the hard-coded 103
with the generic tokenizer.mask_token_id
. So the snippet below should work:
QUESTION
I am working on some sentence formation like this:
...ANSWER
Answered 2021-Dec-12 at 17:53You can first replace the dictionary keys in sentence
to {}
so that you can easily format a string in loop. Then you can use itertools.product
to create the Cartesian product of dictionary.values()
, so you can simply loop over it to create your desired sentences.
QUESTION
We can create a model from AutoModel(TFAutoModel) function:
...ANSWER
Answered 2021-Dec-05 at 09:07The difference between AutoModel and AutoModelForSequenceClassification model is that AutoModelForSequenceClassification has a classification head on top of the model outputs which can be easily trained with the base model
Community Discussions, Code Snippets contain sources that include Stack Exchange Network
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Install CIS530-project
You can use CIS530-project like any standard Python library. You will need to make sure that you have a development environment consisting of a Python distribution including header files, a compiler, pip, and git installed. Make sure that your pip, setuptools, and wheel are up to date. When using pip it is generally recommended to install packages in a virtual environment to avoid changes to the system.
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