Hypothesis | yet another python wrapper for the hypothes.is api | REST library

Since object like "QuadTypeIndependenceTest" and "ScalarIndependenceTest" are created from the results of coin packages, there is specific function to extract the pvalue, using coin::pvalue(obj), Special thanks for pointing @AntoniosK

Buttons inside forms are by default submit in Angular unless you specify otherwise. Pressing enter in a field fires a submit event. So your removeHypothesis is considered a submit function and thus it is fired on enter press.

Make the button type="button" and it will no longer be considered as a submit button:

In the two links you mention, the problem is the segregation enforced by Coq between propositions (those types of type Prop) and other types (those with type Set or Type), with the idea being that proofs should not be needed for programs to run. However, in your case both set M and subset M are propositions, so this separation is not a problem: as you saw when defining fn0, Coq is perfectly happy to use the first component of your existential type to build the function you are looking for. This is a good point of constructive mathematics: modulo the separation between Prop and Type, choice is simply true!

Rather, the problem comes from the second part of the proof, i.e. the proof of equality of functions. It is a subtle issue of Coq that equality of functions is not extensional, that is the following axiom cannot, in general, be proven

produce the message through a command ... I surprisingly receive it in the consumer terminal T7

No surprise here since you've not called producer.flush() or producer.close() in your Python producer app after starting the consumer loop.

The console producer blocks on every record by calling get() on the future - source, effectively flushing its buffer

Alternatively, you are missing the matching option for --from-beginning in the Python consumer if you wanted to see the previously sent records

Ultimately, testing a local client/server within the same network adapter/subnet isn't going to help resolve an external network connection

Hypothesis is showing you that Numpy datatypes have distinct byte orders. Expanding your test,

If my understanding is correct, both np.sum and np.cumsum will take O(n) time.

Correct (assuming the input is the same)!

it seems the sequence of np.sum and np.cumsum makes the overall performance quite different

np.cumsum is more expensive than np.sum on the same input since np.cumsum needs to allocate and write an output array (which can be pretty big). Moreover, assuming floating-point operations are associative, the implementation of np.sum can be easily optimized while it is quite hard to optimize np.cumsum.

My hypothesis is that the np.cumsum will take more time on the data allocation/manipulation since it will yield more data than np.sum, so it will take longer time if there are more operations of np.cumsum.

The thing is that the first implementation have much more work to do than the second. This is mainly why it is slower, especially because of the memory reads/writes. Indeed, np.cumsum produces a big 2D array in the first implementation that must be computed by np.sum. Writing and reading this temporary array is expensive. In the example, the first implementation require to move 14.9 GiB from/to the memory hierarchy (likely in RAM) just for the temporary array. Note that building a temporary array also make the computation less cache-friendly as it requires more space and thus b and c may not both fit in the cache any more (b and c takes 8 MiB each on my machine and my CPU have a L3 cache of 9 MiB which mean that not both can fit in the cache) as opposed to the second implementation. The throughput of the RAM is often much smaller than the one of the CPU caches.

Note that the second implementation also produces temporary arrays. This version should allocate as much temporary arrays as the first one. However, the second implementation produces temporary arrays that are 1000 time smaller! Thus, the call to np.cumsum is much faster in this version. On my machine, b is mostly stored in the fast L3 cache and temporary arrays in the very fast L1 cache.

The t.test() function creates a list, which can be accessed like other lists:

If you have access to the source code and you're able to recompile it with your changes, then sure, you can do it. Consider this:

problem here was there was no logic to save when duplicate skip was false.