cryptography | package designed to expose cryptographic primitives | Cryptography library

 by   pyca Python Version: 42.0.5 License: Non-SPDX

kandi X-RAY | cryptography Summary

kandi X-RAY | cryptography Summary

cryptography is a Python library typically used in Security, Cryptography applications. cryptography has no bugs, it has build file available and it has high support. However cryptography has 2 vulnerabilities and it has a Non-SPDX License. You can install using 'pip install cryptography' or download it from GitHub, PyPI.

cryptography is a package designed to expose cryptographic primitives and recipes to Python developers.
Support
    Quality
      Security
        License
          Reuse

            kandi-support Support

              cryptography has a highly active ecosystem.
              It has 5593 star(s) with 1185 fork(s). There are 123 watchers for this library.
              There were 9 major release(s) in the last 6 months.
              There are 29 open issues and 2207 have been closed. On average issues are closed in 8 days. There are 14 open pull requests and 0 closed requests.
              OutlinedDot
              It has a negative sentiment in the developer community.
              The latest version of cryptography is 42.0.5

            kandi-Quality Quality

              cryptography has 0 bugs and 0 code smells.

            kandi-Security Security

              OutlinedDot
              cryptography has 2 vulnerability issues reported (1 critical, 0 high, 1 medium, 0 low).
              cryptography code analysis shows 0 unresolved vulnerabilities.
              There are 0 security hotspots that need review.

            kandi-License License

              cryptography has a Non-SPDX License.
              Non-SPDX licenses can be open source with a non SPDX compliant license, or non open source licenses, and you need to review them closely before use.

            kandi-Reuse Reuse

              cryptography releases are not available. You will need to build from source code and install.
              Deployable package is available in PyPI.
              Build file is available. You can build the component from source.
              It has 54523 lines of code, 3395 functions and 240 files.
              It has medium code complexity. Code complexity directly impacts maintainability of the code.

            Top functions reviewed by kandi - BETA

            kandi has reviewed cryptography and discovered the below as its top functions. This is intended to give you an instant insight into cryptography implemented functionality, and help decide if they suit your requirements.
            • Serializes the key and certificates to a pk12 certificate
            • Convert bytes to a BIO object
            • Convert a certificate to OpenSSL
            • Wrapper for OpenSSslTrust
            • Serializes an SSH private key
            • Render all the fragments to dst buffer
            • Put a SSHSTR string
            • Build vectors from a file
            • Encrypt a plaintext message
            • Load the RSA private key
            • Build the vector vectors
            • Builds a fi for a binding
            • Derive an Elliptic curve private key from a given curve
            • Load an X25519 private key from a bytes object
            • The private RSA numbers
            • Create a new GH PAT
            • Exchange a private key exchange
            • Sign a given builder
            • Load a public key from a private key
            • Decrypt an AEAD
            • Register default cipher adapters
            • Encrypt data using AESCCM
            • Derive a key using the KDF function
            • Load private key
            • Unwrap AES encryption key with padding
            • Return the value of a parameter
            Get all kandi verified functions for this library.

            cryptography Key Features

            No Key Features are available at this moment for cryptography.

            cryptography Examples and Code Snippets

            README.rst
            Pythondot img1Lines of Code : 0dot img1License : Non-SPDX (NOASSERTION)
            copy iconCopy
            >>> from cryptography.fernet import Fernet
            >>> # Put this somewhere safe!
            >>> key = Fernet.generate_key()
            >>> f = Fernet(key)
            >>> token = f.encrypt(b"A really secret message. Not for prying eyes.")
            >>  
            index.rst
            Pythondot img2Lines of Code : 0dot img2License : Non-SPDX (NOASSERTION)
            copy iconCopy
            getting-started
            submitting-patches
            reviewing-patches
            test-vectors
            c-bindings  
            Verifying the release
            Pythondot img3Lines of Code : 0dot img3License : Non-SPDX (NOASSERTION)
            copy iconCopy
            >>> import cryptography
            >>> cryptography.__version__
            '...'
            >>> import cryptography_vectors
            >>> cryptography_vectors.__version__
            '...'  
            Curve 25519 Symmetric Key with Python
            Pythondot img4Lines of Code : 46dot img4License : Strong Copyleft (CC BY-SA 4.0)
            copy iconCopy
            import Foundation
            import Crypto
            
            let privateKey = Curve25519.KeyAgreement.PrivateKey()
            let publicKey = privateKey.publicKey
            let sharedSecret = try! privateKey.sharedSecretFromKeyAgreement(with: publicKey)
            let symmetricKey = sharedSecret.hk
            How to salt a generated hash from a file in Python
            Pythondot img5Lines of Code : 9dot img5License : Strong Copyleft (CC BY-SA 4.0)
            copy iconCopy
            SALT = "random string";
            def sign(file):
                with open(private_key_path, 'rb') as f:
                    key = f.read()
                hash = SHA256.new(file.read())
                hash.update(str.encode(SALT))
                # do signing stuff
                return signature
            
            RSA Encrypted data convert from bytes to string and back to bytes?
            Pythondot img6Lines of Code : 17dot img6License : Strong Copyleft (CC BY-SA 4.0)
            copy iconCopy
            SEPARATOR = b"|"  # Notice the `b` prefix (byte string literal)
            message1 = ciphertext + SEPARATOR + signature
            
            message2 = message2.split(SEPARATOR)
            
            [cfati@CFATI-5510-0:e:\Work\Dev\StackOverf
            copy iconCopy
            selenium.common.exceptions.WebDriverException: Message: Service geckodriver unexpectedly exited. Status code was: 64
            
            geckodriver: error: Found argument '--websocket-port' which wasn't expected, orisn't valid in thi
            retrieving text input from popup in kivy
            Pythondot img8Lines of Code : 5dot img8License : Strong Copyleft (CC BY-SA 4.0)
            copy iconCopy
            closeButton.bind(on_press = lambda *args : self.enc_dir_input(key_input.text))
            
                def enc_dir_input(self, text):
                    fix_proj.main(self.encrypted_dir.text, 'e', text)
            
            No module named 'encodings' on OpenSuse
            Pythondot img9Lines of Code : 14dot img9License : Strong Copyleft (CC BY-SA 4.0)
            copy iconCopy
            python
            >>> import sysconfig
            >>> sysconfig.get_path('stdlib')
            '/usr/local/lib/python3.9'
            
            ls -ld /usr/local/lib/python3.9/encodings
            drwxr-xr-x  3 root  wheel  5632 Dec 11 14:34 /usr/local/lib/python
            How to decode a bytes SSL certificate?
            Pythondot img10Lines of Code : 9dot img10License : Strong Copyleft (CC BY-SA 4.0)
            copy iconCopy
            pip install cryptography
            
            import ssl
            from cryptography import x509
            
            cert = ssl.enum_certificates("MY")[1][0]
            decoded_cert = x509.load_der_x509_certificate(cert)
            print(decoded_cert.subject)
            

            Community Discussions

            QUESTION

            WebDriverException: Message: Service geckodriver unexpectedly exited. Status code was: 64 error using Selenium Geckodriver Firefox in FreeBSD jail
            Asked 2022-Apr-01 at 07:54

            For some tests, I've set up a plain new TrueNAS 12.3 FreeBSD Jail and started it, then installed python3, firefox, geckodriver and pip using the following commands:

            ...

            ANSWER

            Answered 2022-Jan-23 at 16:48

            QUESTION

            Crypto-js encryption and Python decryption using HKDF key
            Asked 2022-Mar-28 at 11:29

            Based on the example provided here on how to establish a shared secret and derived key between JS (Crypto-JS) and Python, I can end up with the same shared secret and derived key on both ends.

            However, when I try to encrypt as below, I cannot find a way to properly decrypt from Python. My understanding is that probably I am messing with the padding or salts and hashes.

            ...

            ANSWER

            Answered 2022-Mar-28 at 11:29

            The issue is that the key is not passed correctly in the CryptoJS code.

            The posted Python code generates LefjQ2pEXmiy/nNZvEJ43i8hJuaAnzbA1Cbn1hOuAgA= as Base64-encoded key. This must be imported in the CryptoJS code using the Base64 encoder:

            Source https://stackoverflow.com/questions/71632056

            QUESTION

            Poetry | AttributeError 'Link' object has no attribute 'name'
            Asked 2022-Mar-23 at 10:22

            I want to install packages from poetry.lock file; using poetry install.

            However, the majority of packages throw the exact same error, indicating a shared fundamental problem.

            What is causing this? What is the standard fix?

            Specification:

            • Windows 10,
            • Visual Studio Code,
            • Python 3.8.10 & Poetry 1.1.11,
            • Ubuntu Bash.

            Terminal:

            • rm poetry.lock
            • poetry update
            • poetry install
            ...

            ANSWER

            Answered 2022-Mar-23 at 10:22

            This looks to be an active issue relating to poetry. See here - Issue #4085. Some suggest a workaround by downgrading poetry-core down to 1.0.4.

            There is an active PR to fix the issue.

            Source https://stackoverflow.com/questions/69836936

            QUESTION

            Django mod_wsgi Apache Server, ModuleNotFoundError: No Module Named Django
            Asked 2022-Feb-09 at 21:35

            I read ton of articles, but still can't figure out what I'm missing. I'm running a django website from virtualenv. Here's my config file. The website address is replaced by , can't use that here.

            Config

            ...

            ANSWER

            Answered 2021-Sep-23 at 15:28

            The error says that either you haven't got Django installed or didn't activate the virtual environment in which the Django was installed. Make sure that you check the list of installed packages and find Django in there, via:

            Source https://stackoverflow.com/questions/69302698

            QUESTION

            Encrypt data in Javascript, Decrypt data in C# using private/public keys
            Asked 2022-Jan-26 at 13:22

            I want to encrypt data in a web browser that is send to my C# backend and decrypted there.

            That fails because I am unable to decrypt the data generated on the frontend in the backend.

            Here's what I did so far.

            First I created a private/public key pair (in XmlString Format). I took the ExportPublicKey function to generate the public key file from here: https://stackoverflow.com/a/28407693/98491

            ...

            ANSWER

            Answered 2022-Jan-24 at 15:42

            You need to encrypt with the private key and then decrypt with the public key

            Source https://stackoverflow.com/questions/70835886

            QUESTION

            Export Certificate as PFX with proper chain of signing
            Asked 2022-Jan-10 at 17:12

            I read some posts (that don't exist anymore) and came up with the following code that generates a PFX certificate. It works fine to the part of creating this self-signed certificate.

            I'm trying to expand this to crate a self-signed certificate and from that one, create it's "childs". I tryed many things but none of then actually export the certificate with it's chain as result.

            The current code get's to a point of exporting a PFX with a containing CA and importing it would include both certificates, but not associate then with each other.

            It's kind of a long code, but the action should work on the last "Create" funcion of it.

            ...

            ANSWER

            Answered 2021-Dec-26 at 12:52

            I would say aim for these qualities in development certificates:

            • A root certificate authority file, eg myRoot.ca
            • A password protected PKCS12 file (containing a private key + certificate), whose root is the above CA, eg mySslCert p12.
            • The latter can also be a wildcard certificate, eg usable for multiple subdomains under *.mycompany.com, which is useful in terrms of simple administration.

            CREATION

            Personally I prefer to use OpenSSL to create certs, since this is the technology that secures the internet, and I am then sure that there is nothing technology specific about certs issued.

            See my certificates repository and the makeCerts.sh file, for sone OpenSSL commands:

            • Create Root CA keypair
            • Create Root certificate
            • Create SSL keypair
            • Create SSL certificate signing request (which can be for a wildcard certificate)
            • Create SSL certificate
            • Create password protected PKCS12 file

            If you want to use C# to create certs, then you need to follow the same 6 steps and produce the same files. Hopefully this makes your requirements clearer.

            DEPLOYMENT

            In real environments these days, you may end up deploying the Root CA file (mycompany.ca.pem in my example) and the PKCS12 file (mycompany.ssl.p12 in my example).

            This is quite common in Private PKI setups within a private network, so it can be very useful to simulate on a Developer PC. My .NET Example API uses the certs issued, though in some cases I use tools such as cert-manager to automate the issuing.

            Source https://stackoverflow.com/questions/70393039

            QUESTION

            When upgrading to .NET 6, Web Project throws runtime exception
            Asked 2022-Jan-05 at 21:36

            Using an existing .NET 5 MVC Web App, I attempted to upgrade to .NET 6, but encountered this error. I am also using IIS for Windows Authentication--now setup in .NET 6 as "profiles" under Properties -> Debug -> hyperlink (Open debug launch profiles UI). I also included the newer "Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authentication.Negotiate" Nuget package (and associated code) to handle the newer Windows Authentication library.

            When the web app launches, I get the following error:

            An unhandled exception occurred while processing the request.

            InvalidOperationException: Cannot find compilation library location for package 'System.Security.Cryptography.Pkcs'

            Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyModel.CompilationLibrary.ResolveReferencePaths(ICompilationAssemblyResolver resolver, List assemblies) Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyModel.CompilationLibrary.ResolveReferencePaths() Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.ApplicationParts.AssemblyPartExtensions+<>c.b__0_0(CompilationLibrary library) System.Linq.Enumerable+SelectManySingleSelectorIterator.MoveNext()

            ...

            Microsoft.AspNetCore.Diagnostics.DeveloperExceptionPageMiddleware.Invoke(HttpContext context)

            This does NOT go away if I add the package listed: System.Security.Cryptography.Pkcs

            ...

            ANSWER

            Answered 2022-Jan-05 at 21:36

            I needed to remove at least 1 Nuget package:

            1. Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Razor.RuntimeCompilation -- I removed this one second, but it started working after I did.
            2. Microsoft.Extensions.Hosting -- I removed this one first, but this alone did not fix it. I don't know if this "also" needed to be removed. I assume not, but I'm including, just in case. Removing it did not hurt anything.

            Edit: As a WARNING, this will lose the abilities given by Razor.RuntimeCompilation. However, there appears to be a code incompatibility with, I believe, IIS and Razor in .NET 6.

            Source https://stackoverflow.com/questions/69919514

            QUESTION

            Why are signatures created with ecdsa Python library not valid with coincurve?
            Asked 2021-Dec-25 at 14:41

            I'm switching from the pure Python ecdsa library to the much faster coincurve library for signing data. I would also like to switch to coincurve for verifying the signatures (including the old signatures created by the ecdsa library).

            It appears that signatures created with ecdsa are not (always?) valid in coincurve. Could someone please explain why this is not working? Also, it seems that cryptography library is able to validate both ecdsa signatures and coincurve signatures without issues, consistently.

            What is even more confusing, if you run below script a few times, is that sometimes it prints point 3 and other times it does not. Why would coincurve only occasionally find the signature valid?

            ...

            ANSWER

            Answered 2021-Dec-25 at 14:41

            Bitcoin and the coincurve library use canonical signatures while this is not true for the ecdsa library.

            What does canonical signature mean?
            In general, if (r,s) is a valid signature, then (r,s') := (r,-s mod n) is also a valid signature (n is the order of the base point).
            A canonical signature uses the value s' = -s mod n = n - s instead of s, i.e. the signature (r, n-s), if s > n/2, s. e.g. here.

            All signatures from the ecdsa library that were not been successfully validated by the coincurve library in your test program have an s > n/2 and thus are not canonical, whereas those that were successfully validated are canonical.

            So the fix is simply to canonize the signature of the ecdsa library, e.g.:

            Source https://stackoverflow.com/questions/70477905

            QUESTION

            Signing payload in JS (Frontend) using EC and validating in Python
            Asked 2021-Dec-18 at 11:56

            I have a Python backend that generates public/private keys, generates a payload, then needs to get that payload signed by the client (ReactJS or pure JS), which is later verified.

            The implementation in Python looks like this:

            Imports

            ...

            ANSWER

            Answered 2021-Dec-18 at 11:56

            CryptoJS only supports symmetric encryption and therefore not ECDSA. WebCrypto supports ECDSA, but not secp256k1.
            WebCrypto has the advantage that it is supported by all major browsers. Since you can use other curves according to your comment, I will describe a solution with a curve supported by WebCrypto.
            Otherwise, sjcl would also be an alternative, a pure JavaScript library that supports ECDSA and especially secp256k1, s.here.

            WebCrypto is a low level API that provides the functionality you need like key generation, key export and signing. Regarding ECDSA WebCrypto supports the curves P-256 (aka secp256r1), P-384 (aka secp384r1) and p-521 (aka secp521r1). In the following I use P-256.

            The following JavaScript code generates a key pair for P-256, exports the public key in X.509/SPKI format, DER encoded (so it can be sent to the Python site), and signs a message:

            Source https://stackoverflow.com/questions/70394906

            QUESTION

            convert base-64 spki string into public key
            Asked 2021-Dec-17 at 18:59

            I'm trying to find a python equivalent of this js function:

            ...

            ANSWER

            Answered 2021-Dec-17 at 18:59

            According to the documentation of the JavaScript library the line

            Source https://stackoverflow.com/questions/70394759

            Community Discussions, Code Snippets contain sources that include Stack Exchange Network

            Vulnerabilities

            No vulnerabilities reported

            Install cryptography

            You can install using 'pip install cryptography' or download it from GitHub, PyPI.
            You can use cryptography like any standard Python library. You will need to make sure that you have a development environment consisting of a Python distribution including header files, a compiler, pip, and git installed. Make sure that your pip, setuptools, and wheel are up to date. When using pip it is generally recommended to install packages in a virtual environment to avoid changes to the system.

            Support

            For any new features, suggestions and bugs create an issue on GitHub. If you have any questions check and ask questions on community page Stack Overflow .
            Find more information at:

            Find, review, and download reusable Libraries, Code Snippets, Cloud APIs from over 650 million Knowledge Items

            Find more libraries
            Install
          • PyPI

            pip install cryptography

          • CLONE
          • HTTPS

            https://github.com/pyca/cryptography.git

          • CLI

            gh repo clone pyca/cryptography

          • sshUrl

            git@github.com:pyca/cryptography.git

          • Stay Updated

            Subscribe to our newsletter for trending solutions and developer bootcamps

            Agree to Sign up and Terms & Conditions

            Share this Page

            share link