Part-of-Speech-Tagging | speech tagging on Twitter data | Natural Language Processing library
kandi X-RAY | Part-of-Speech-Tagging Summary
kandi X-RAY | Part-of-Speech-Tagging Summary
DATA This assignment is about part-of-speech tagging on Twitter data. The data is located in ./data directory with a train and dev split. The test data is also included, but with false POS tags on purpose. You will develop and tune your models only using train and dev sets, and will generate predictions for the test data once you are done developing. The accuracy will be computed by TA with the goldstandard labels. This data set contains tweets annotated with their universal parts-of-speech tags, with 379 tweets for training and 112 for dev, and 12 possible part-of-speech labels. The test corpus will contain 295 tweets. The format of the data files is pretty straight forward. It contains a line for each token (with its label separated by a whitespace), and with sentences separated with empty line. See the below example an example, and examine the text files yourself (always a good idea). @paulwalk X It PRON 's VERB the DET view NOUN from ADP where ADV I PRON 'm VERB living VERB for ADP two NUM weeks NOUN . . Empire NOUN State NOUN Building NOUN = X ESB NOUN . . Pretty ADV bad ADJ storm NOUN here ADV last ADJ evening NOUN Files data.py: The primary entry point that reads the data, and trains and evaluates the tagger implementation. usage: python data.py [-h] [-m MODEL] [--test] optional arguments: -h, --help show this help message and exit -m MODEL, --model MODEL 'LR'/'lr' for logistic regression tagger 'CRF'/'crf' for conditional random field tagger --test Make predictions for test dataset tagger.py: Code for two sequence taggers, logistic regression and CRF. Both of these taggers rely on 'feats.py' and 'feat_gen.py' to compute the features for each token. The CRF tagger also relies on 'viterbi.py' to decode (which is currently incorrect), and on 'struct_perceptron.py' for the training algorithm (which also needs Viterbi to be working). feats.py & 'feat_gen.py: Code to compute, index, and maintain the token features. The primary purpose of 'feats.py' is to map the boolean features computed in 'feats_gen.py' to integers, and do the reverse mapping (if you want to know the name of a feature from its index). 'feats_gen.py' is used to compute the features of a token in a sentence, which you will be extending. The method there returns the computed features for a token as a list of string (so does not have to worry about indices, etc.). 'struct_perceptron.py': A direct port (with negligible changes) of the structured perceptron trainer from the 'pystruct' project. Only used for the CRF tagger. The description of the various hyperparameters of the trainer are available here, but you should change them from the constructor in 'tagger.py'. 'viterbi.py' (and 'viterbi_test.py'): General purpose interface to a sequence Viterbi decoder in 'viterbi.py', which currently has an incorrect implementation. Once you have implemented the Viterbi implementation, running 'python viterbi_test.py' should result in succesful execution without any exceptions. conlleval.pl: This is the official evaluation script for the CONLL evaluation. Although it computes the same metrics as the python code does, it supports a bunch of features, such as: (a) Latex formatted tables, by using -l, (b) BIO annotation by default, turned off using -r. In particular, when evaluating the output prediction files (~.pred) for POS tagging, $ ./conlleval.pl -r -d \t < ./predictions/twitter_dev.pos.pred
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Top functions reviewed by kandi - BETA
- Convert token to features .
- Fit the model .
- Run Viterbi decomposition .
- Preprocess a list of train_sents .
- Inverse inference function
- Return synthetic data .
- Compute the accuracy for each token .
- read twitter data
- Reads a text file .
- Compute a list of feature indices .
Part-of-Speech-Tagging Key Features
Part-of-Speech-Tagging Examples and Code Snippets
Community Discussions
Trending Discussions on Natural Language Processing
QUESTION
For a large scale text analysis problem, I have a data frame containing words that fall into different categories, and a data frame containing a column with strings and (empty) counting columns for each category. I now want to take each individual string, check which of the defined words appear, and count them within the appropriate category.
As a simplified example, given the two data frames below, i want to count how many of each animal type appear in the text cell.
...ANSWER
Answered 2022-Apr-14 at 13:32Here's a way do to it in the tidyverse
. First look at whether strings in df_texts$text
contain animals, then count them and sum by text and type.
QUESTION
I'm trying to figure out why Apple's Natural Language API returns unexpected results.
What am I doing wrong? Is it a grammar issue?
I have the following four strings, and I want to extract each word's "stem form."
...ANSWER
Answered 2022-Apr-01 at 20:30As for why the tagger doesn't find "accredit" from "accreditation", this is because the scheme .lemma
finds the lemma of words, not actually the stems. See the difference between stem and lemma on Wikipedia.
The stem is the part of the word that never changes even when morphologically inflected; a lemma is the base form of the word. For example, from "produced", the lemma is "produce", but the stem is "produc-". This is because there are words such as production and producing In linguistic analysis, the stem is defined more generally as the analyzed base form from which all inflected forms can be formed.
The documentation uses the word "stem", but I do think that the lemma is what is intended here, and getting "accreditation" is the expected behaviour. See the Usage section of the Wikipedia article for "Word stem" for more info. The lemma is the dictionary form of a word, and "accreditation" has a dictionary entry, whereas something like "accredited" doesn't. Whatever you call these things, the point is that there are two distinct concepts, and the tagger gets you one of them, but you are expecting the other one.
As for why the order of the words matters, this is because the tagger tries to analyse your words as "natural language", rather than each one individually. Naturally, word order matters. If you use .lexicalClass
, you'll see that it thinks the third word in text2
is an adjective, which explains why it doesn't think its dictionary form is "accredit", because adjectives don't conjugate like that. Note that accredited is an adjective in the dictionary. So "is it a grammar issue?" Exactly.
QUESTION
I am trying to clean up text using a pre-processing function. I want to remove all non-alpha characters such as punctuation and digits, but I would like to retain compound words that use a dash without splitting them (e.g. pre-tender, pre-construction).
...ANSWER
Answered 2022-Mar-29 at 09:14To remove all non-alpha characters but -
between letters, you can use
QUESTION
Looping over a list of bigrams to search for, I need to create a boolean field for each bigram according to whether or not it is present in a tokenized pandas series. And I'd appreciate an upvote if you think this is a good question!
List of bigrams:
...ANSWER
Answered 2022-Feb-16 at 20:28You could use a regex and extractall
:
QUESTION
Goal: to run this Auto Labelling Notebook on AWS SageMaker Jupyter Labs.
Kernels tried: conda_pytorch_p36
, conda_python3
, conda_amazonei_mxnet_p27
.
ANSWER
Answered 2022-Feb-03 at 09:29I would recommend to downgrade your milvus version to a version before the 2.0 release just a week ago. Here is a discussion on that topic: https://github.com/deepset-ai/haystack/issues/2081
QUESTION
I have a dataset of tens of thousands of dialogues / conversations between a customer and customer support. These dialogues, which could be forum posts, or long-winded email conversations, have been hand-annotated to highlight the sentence containing the customers problem. For example:
Dear agent, I am writing to you because I have a very annoying problem with my washing machine. I bought it three weeks ago and was very happy with it. However, this morning the door does not lock properly. Please help
Dear customer.... etc
The highlighted sentence would be:
However, this morning the door does not lock properly.
- What approaches can I take to model this, so that in future I can automatically extract the customers problem? The domain of the datasets are broad, but within the hardware space, so it could be appliances, gadgets, machinery etc.
- What is this type of problem called? I thought this might be called "intent recognition", but most guides seem to refer to multiclass classification. The sentence either is or isn't the customers problem. I considered analysing each sentence and performing binary classification, but I'd like to explore options that take into account the context of the rest of the conversation if possible.
- What resources are available to research how to implement this in Python (using tensorflow or pytorch)
I found a model on HuggingFace which has been pre-trained with customer dialogues, and have read the research paper, so I was considering fine-tuning this as a starting point, but I only have experience with text (multiclass/multilabel) classification when it comes to transformers.
...ANSWER
Answered 2022-Feb-07 at 10:21This type of problem where you want to extract the customer problem from the original text is called Extractive Summarization and this type of task is solved by Sequence2Sequence
models.
The main reason for this type of model being called Sequence2Sequence
is because the input and the output of this model would both be text.
I recommend you to use a transformers model called Pegasus which has been pre-trained to predict a masked text, but its main application is to be fine-tuned for text summarization (extractive or abstractive).
This Pegasus model is listed on Transformers library, which provides you with a simple but powerful way of fine-tuning transformers with custom datasets. I think this notebook will be extremely useful as guidance and for understanding how to fine-tune this Pegasus model.
QUESTION
My current data-frame is:
...ANSWER
Answered 2022-Jan-06 at 12:13try
QUESTION
I have several masked language models (mainly Bert, Roberta, Albert, Electra). I also have a dataset of sentences. How can I get the perplexity of each sentence?
From the huggingface documentation here they mentioned that perplexity "is not well defined for masked language models like BERT", though I still see people somehow calculate it.
For example in this SO question they calculated it using the function
...ANSWER
Answered 2021-Dec-25 at 21:51There is a paper Masked Language Model Scoring that explores pseudo-perplexity from masked language models and shows that pseudo-perplexity, while not being theoretically well justified, still performs well for comparing "naturalness" of texts.
As for the code, your snippet is perfectly correct but for one detail: in recent implementations of Huggingface BERT, masked_lm_labels
are renamed to simply labels
, to make interfaces of various models more compatible. I have also replaced the hard-coded 103
with the generic tokenizer.mask_token_id
. So the snippet below should work:
QUESTION
I am working on some sentence formation like this:
...ANSWER
Answered 2021-Dec-12 at 17:53You can first replace the dictionary keys in sentence
to {}
so that you can easily format a string in loop. Then you can use itertools.product
to create the Cartesian product of dictionary.values()
, so you can simply loop over it to create your desired sentences.
QUESTION
We can create a model from AutoModel(TFAutoModel) function:
...ANSWER
Answered 2021-Dec-05 at 09:07The difference between AutoModel and AutoModelForSequenceClassification model is that AutoModelForSequenceClassification has a classification head on top of the model outputs which can be easily trained with the base model
Community Discussions, Code Snippets contain sources that include Stack Exchange Network
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Install Part-of-Speech-Tagging
You can use Part-of-Speech-Tagging like any standard Python library. You will need to make sure that you have a development environment consisting of a Python distribution including header files, a compiler, pip, and git installed. Make sure that your pip, setuptools, and wheel are up to date. When using pip it is generally recommended to install packages in a virtual environment to avoid changes to the system.
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