SeG | pytorch implementation of the paper : Self-Attention | Natural Language Processing library
kandi X-RAY | SeG Summary
kandi X-RAY | SeG Summary
A pytorch implementation of the paper: Self-Attention Enhanced Selective Gate with Entity-Aware Embedding for Distantly Supervised Relation Extraction.
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Top functions reviewed by kandi - BETA
- Train the model
- Calculate validation accuracy
- Calculate the loss weight
- Update the statistics
- Number of rel2id
- Embed the embedding
- Compute selective gate
- Perform the forward computation
- Perform a batch of input features
- Embed word embedding
- Embed word position embedding
- Test for validation
- Argument parser
- Data loader
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SeG Examples and Code Snippets
Community Discussions
Trending Discussions on SeG
QUESTION
I'm trying to make sure gcc vectorizes my loops. It turns out, that by using -march=znver1
(or -march=native
) gcc skips some loops even though they can be vectorized. Why does this happen?
In this code, the second loop, which multiplies each element by a scalar is not vectorised:
...ANSWER
Answered 2022-Apr-10 at 02:47The default -mtune=generic
has -mprefer-vector-width=256
, and -mavx2
doesn't change that.
znver1 implies -mprefer-vector-width=128
, because that's all the native width of the HW. An instruction using 32-byte YMM vectors decodes to at least 2 uops, more if it's a lane-crossing shuffle. For simple vertical SIMD like this, 32-byte vectors would be ok; the pipeline handles 2-uop instructions efficiently. (And I think is 6 uops wide but only 5 instructions wide, so max front-end throughput isn't available using only 1-uop instructions). But when vectorization would require shuffling, e.g. with arrays of different element widths, GCC code-gen can get messier with 256-bit or wider.
And vmovdqa ymm0, ymm1
mov-elimination only works on the low 128-bit half on Zen1. Also, normally using 256-bit vectors would imply one should use vzeroupper
afterwards, to avoid performance problems on other CPUs (but not Zen1).
I don't know how Zen1 handles misaligned 32-byte loads/stores where each 16-byte half is aligned but in separate cache lines. If that performs well, GCC might want to consider increasing the znver1 -mprefer-vector-width
to 256. But wider vectors means more cleanup code if the size isn't known to be a multiple of the vector width.
Ideally GCC would be able to detect easy cases like this and use 256-bit vectors there. (Pure vertical, no mixing of element widths, constant size that's am multiple of 32 bytes.) At least on CPUs where that's fine: znver1, but not bdver2 for example where 256-bit stores are always slow due to a CPU design bug.
You can see the result of this choice in the way it vectorizes your first loop, the memset-like loop, with a vmovdqu [rdx], xmm0
. https://godbolt.org/z/E5Tq7Gfzc
So given that GCC has decided to only use 128-bit vectors, which can only hold two uint64_t
elements, it (rightly or wrongly) decides it wouldn't be worth using vpsllq
/ vpaddd
to implement qword *5
as (v<<2) + v
, vs. doing it with integer in one LEA instruction.
Almost certainly wrongly in this case, since it still requires a separate load and store for every element or pair of elements. (And loop overhead since GCC's default is not to unroll except with PGO, -fprofile-use
. SIMD is like loop unrolling, especially on a CPU that handles 256-bit vectors as 2 separate uops.)
I'm not sure exactly what GCC means by "not vectorized: unsupported data-type". x86 doesn't have a SIMD uint64_t
multiply instruction until AVX-512, so perhaps GCC assigns it a cost based on the general case of having to emulate it with multiple 32x32 => 64-bit pmuludq
instructions and a bunch of shuffles. And it's only after it gets over that hump that it realizes that it's actually quite cheap for a constant like 5
with only 2 set bits?
That would explain GCC's decision-making process here, but I'm not sure it's exactly the right explanation. Still, these kinds of factors are what happen in a complex piece of machinery like a compiler. A skilled human can easily make smarter choices, but compilers just do sequences of optimization passes that don't always consider the big picture and all the details at the same time.
-mprefer-vector-width=256
doesn't help:
Not vectorizing uint64_t *= 5
seems to be a GCC9 regression
(The benchmarks in the question confirm that an actual Zen1 CPU gets a nearly 2x speedup, as expected from doing 2x uint64 in 6 uops vs. 1x in 5 uops with scalar. Or 4x uint64_t in 10 uops with 256-bit vectors, including two 128-bit stores which will be the throughput bottleneck along with the front-end.)
Even with -march=znver1 -O3 -mprefer-vector-width=256
, we don't get the *= 5
loop vectorized with GCC9, 10, or 11, or current trunk. As you say, we do with -march=znver2
. https://godbolt.org/z/dMTh7Wxcq
We do get vectorization with those options for uint32_t
(even leaving the vector width at 128-bit). Scalar would cost 4 operations per vector uop (not instruction), regardless of 128 or 256-bit vectorization on Zen1, so this doesn't tell us whether *=
is what makes the cost-model decide not to vectorize, or just the 2 vs. 4 elements per 128-bit internal uop.
With uint64_t
, changing to arr[i] += arr[i]<<2;
still doesn't vectorize, but arr[i] <<= 1;
does. (https://godbolt.org/z/6PMn93Y5G). Even arr[i] <<= 2;
and arr[i] += 123
in the same loop vectorize, to the same instructions that GCC thinks aren't worth it for vectorizing *= 5
, just different operands, constant instead of the original vector again. (Scalar could still use one LEA). So clearly the cost-model isn't looking as far as final x86 asm machine instructions, but I don't know why arr[i] += arr[i]
would be considered more expensive than arr[i] <<= 1;
which is exactly the same thing.
GCC8 does vectorize your loop, even with 128-bit vector width: https://godbolt.org/z/5o6qjc7f6
QUESTION
I'm trying to implement the Johnson-Trotter algorithm in C++ for a homework assignment. I was really excited after (I thought) I figured it out, but as it turns out I get a seg fault when I run it. Here's the code for it (sorry it's a little long):
...ANSWER
Answered 2022-Apr-01 at 07:43Thank you to everyone who responded. You all were right about it trying to access more elements than there was memory allocated for the array. I found the main culprit in my largestMobile
function. Here is the refactored code:
QUESTION
EDIT: I have changed the question to new code that produces the same error and is more reliable in doing so.
I have been struggling to find a segmentation fault in my code for a while now and have boiled it down to the following code:
...ANSWER
Answered 2022-Mar-31 at 13:16Looks like a bug in GSL. Please report :-)
The line
QUESTION
While trying to use audiosegment.from_file(x.mp3)
to open an mp3 file and later convert it to wave format by audio.export(x.mp3, format='wav')
, I face the following Couldnt DecodeError
.
What could be causing this? I am using python= 3.9
, pydub=0.25.1
, audiosegment=0.23.0
.
Thanks in advance for the help. Below is the error shown on the console.
...ANSWER
Answered 2022-Jan-24 at 17:46I had the same problem. I read that there is some cases where mp3 files contain AAC audio, but the container format is mpeg4.
So, the solution that worked for me is:
QUESTION
I am a beginner who is trying to implement simple graphics in VBE. I have written the following assembly code to boot, enter 32-bit protected mode, and enter VBE mode 0x4117. (I was told that the output of [mode] OR 0x4000 would produce a version of the mode with a linear frame buffer, so I assumed that 0x0117 OR 0x4000 = 0x4117 should have a linear frame buffer.
...ANSWER
Answered 2022-Jan-15 at 21:24Have I correctly loaded a linear frame buffer, and, if not, how could I do so?
In your code you just assume that the linear frame buffer mode is available. You should inspect the ModeInfoBlock.ModeAttributes bit 7 to know for sure. The bit needs to be ON:
QUESTION
I'm trying to declare a large 2D Array (a.k.a. matrix) in C / C++, but it's crashing with segfault only on Linux. The Linux system has much more RAM installed than the macOS laptop, yet it only crashes on the Linux system.
My question is: Why does this crash only on Linux, but not macOS?
Here is a small program to reproduce the issue:
...ANSWER
Answered 2022-Jan-11 at 08:43Although ISO C++ does not support variable-length arrays, you seem to be using a compiler which supports them as an extension.
In the line
QUESTION
Problem:
Recently we've encountered the following problem with our C shared library.
The library defines a method like this one:
ANSWER
Answered 2022-Jan-03 at 19:19Typically all compilers for a given platform try very hard to preserve the default C ABI. Violation of ABI is normally considered a compiler bug.
C++ ABI is trickier for various reasons but at least Clang tries hard to preserve that one on Windows as well.
C ABI compatibility means, among other things, that all primitive types have defined size and alignment so there is no need to use fixed-width types (i.e. long
will be the same for all compilers for a particular target).
As for your case, I suspect that clang and cl.exe are using different time.h
for whatever reason so I suggest to look into that (see my comment above on how to proceed with this).
QUESTION
I have a rather peculiar nested JSON where in some instances a key - value pair occurs as normal, but in others the type of the key appears in a further nesting.
...ANSWER
Answered 2021-Dec-10 at 17:53Try this:
QUESTION
Trying to develop a regex in Java 8 flavor to match all non-word characters in several different strings, so I can split them. The only exception is when the ":" is between numbers, such as in "8:00AM".
So far, I've come up with this: "\W(?:(?
Given the strings below, I got the following result:
M-F: 10AM - 6PM
M-D: 9am / 6pm F: 9am / 4pm
Seg-Qui: 08h às 17h Sex: 08h às 16h
L-V: 8:00AM - 6:00PM CST
M, F, 10AM-5PM
Lun-Jeu: 9/18h Ven:9/17h
However, there are the following issues:
In the string Lun-Jeu: 9/18h Ven:9/17h, it's not selecting the ":" in Ven:9.
In the string Seg-Qui: 08h às 17h Sex: 08h às 16h, I also would like to select the whole word "às" if possible.
Could anyone help to fix the regex or provide a better solution to achieve this?
...ANSWER
Answered 2021-Nov-30 at 00:43Try this:
QUESTION
boot.asm:
...ANSWER
Answered 2021-Oct-14 at 21:44Community Discussions, Code Snippets contain sources that include Stack Exchange Network
Vulnerabilities
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You can use SeG like any standard Python library. You will need to make sure that you have a development environment consisting of a Python distribution including header files, a compiler, pip, and git installed. Make sure that your pip, setuptools, and wheel are up to date. When using pip it is generally recommended to install packages in a virtual environment to avoid changes to the system.
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