paipr | Paradigms of Artificial Intelligence Programming | Artificial Intelligence library

 by   olabini Ruby Version: Current License: MIT

kandi X-RAY | paipr Summary

kandi X-RAY | paipr Summary

paipr is a Ruby library typically used in Artificial Intelligence applications. paipr has no bugs, it has no vulnerabilities, it has a Permissive License and it has low support. You can download it from GitHub.

Paradigms of Artificial Intelligence Programming (in Ruby)
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            kandi-support Support

              paipr has a low active ecosystem.
              It has 210 star(s) with 24 fork(s). There are 12 watchers for this library.
              OutlinedDot
              It had no major release in the last 6 months.
              paipr has no issues reported. There are no pull requests.
              It has a neutral sentiment in the developer community.
              The latest version of paipr is current.

            kandi-Quality Quality

              paipr has 0 bugs and 0 code smells.

            kandi-Security Security

              paipr has no vulnerabilities reported, and its dependent libraries have no vulnerabilities reported.
              paipr code analysis shows 0 unresolved vulnerabilities.
              There are 0 security hotspots that need review.

            kandi-License License

              paipr is licensed under the MIT License. This license is Permissive.
              Permissive licenses have the least restrictions, and you can use them in most projects.

            kandi-Reuse Reuse

              paipr releases are not available. You will need to build from source code and install.
              paipr saves you 825 person hours of effort in developing the same functionality from scratch.
              It has 1894 lines of code, 158 functions and 63 files.
              It has medium code complexity. Code complexity directly impacts maintainability of the code.

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            paipr Key Features

            No Key Features are available at this moment for paipr.

            paipr Examples and Code Snippets

            No Code Snippets are available at this moment for paipr.

            Community Discussions

            QUESTION

            Space Complexity in Breadth First Search (BFS) Algorithm
            Asked 2022-Apr-11 at 08:08

            According to Artificial Intelligence A Modern Approach - Stuart J. Russell , Peter Norvig (Version 4), space complexity of BFS is O(b^d), where 'b' is branching factor and 'd' is depth.

            Complexity of BFS is obtained by this assumption: we store all nodes till we arrive to target node, in other word: 1 + b + b^2 + b^3 + ... + b^d => O(b^d)

            But why should we store all nodes? don't we use queue for implementation?

            If we use queue, don't need to store all nodes, because we enqueue and dequeue some nodes in steps, then when we find target node(s), we can say some nodes are in queue (but not all of them).

            Is my understanding wrong?

            ...

            ANSWER

            Answered 2022-Apr-10 at 06:16

            At any moment while we apply BFS, the queue would have at most two levels of nodes, for example if we just started searching in depth d, then the queue now contains all nodes at depth d and as we proceed the queue would finish all nodes at depth d and have all nodes at depth d+1, so at any moment we have O(b^d) space.

            Also 1+b+b^2+...+b^d = (b^(d+1)-1)/(b-1).

            Source https://stackoverflow.com/questions/71814173

            QUESTION

            Why is there an additional "None" dimension in the tensor shape when uploading a dataset to Activeloop Hub?
            Asked 2022-Mar-24 at 23:15

            I am trying to upload an image datset to Hub (dataset format with an API for creating, storing, & collaborating on AI datasets). I only uploaded part of the dataset, however upon inspecting the uploaded data I noticed that there was an additional None dimension in the tensor shape. Can someone explain why this occurred?

            I am using the following tensor relationship:

            ...

            ANSWER

            Answered 2022-Mar-24 at 23:15

            The none dimension is present because some of the images might have three channels and the others have four, so dynamic dimensions are shown as None.

            Source https://stackoverflow.com/questions/71610475

            QUESTION

            What does stopping the runtime while uploading a dataset to Hub cause?
            Asked 2022-Mar-24 at 01:06

            I am getting the following error while trying to upload a dataset to Hub (dataset format for AI) S3SetError: Connection was closed before we received a valid response from endpoint URL: "<...>".

            So, I tried to delete the dataset and it is throwing this error below.

            CorruptedMetaError: 'boxes/tensor_meta.json' and 'boxes/chunks_index/unsharded' have a record of different numbers of samples. Got 0 and 6103 respectively.

            Using Hub version: v2.3.1

            ...

            ANSWER

            Answered 2022-Mar-24 at 01:06

            Seems like when you were uploading the dataset the runtime got interrupted which led to the corruption of the data you were trying to upload. Using force=True while deleting should allow you to delete it.

            For more information feel free to check out the Hub API basics docs for details on how to delete datasets in Hub.

            If you stop uploading a Hub dataset midway through your dataset will be only partially uploaded to Hub. So, you will need to restart the upload. If you would like to re-create the dataset, you can use the overwrite = True flag in hub.empty(overwrite = True). If you are making updates to an existing dataset, you should use version control to checkpoint the states that are in good shape.

            Source https://stackoverflow.com/questions/71595867

            QUESTION

            What is the loss function used in Trainer from the Transformers library of Hugging Face?
            Asked 2022-Mar-23 at 10:12

            What is the loss function used in Trainer from the Transformers library of Hugging Face?

            I am trying to fine tine a BERT model using the Trainer class from the Transformers library of Hugging Face.

            In their documentation, they mention that one can specify a customized loss function by overriding the compute_loss method in the class. However, if I do not do the method override and use the Trainer to fine tine a BERT model directly for sentiment classification, what is the default loss function being use? Is it the categorical crossentropy? Thanks!

            ...

            ANSWER

            Answered 2022-Mar-23 at 10:12

            It depends! Especially given your relatively vague setup description, it is not clear what loss will be used. But to start from the beginning, let's first check how the default compute_loss() function in the Trainer class looks like.

            You can find the corresponding function here, if you want to have a look for yourself (current version at time of writing is 4.17). The actual loss that will be returned with default parameters is taken from the model's output values:

            loss = outputs["loss"] if isinstance(outputs, dict) else outputs[0]

            which means that the model itself is (by default) responsible for computing some sort of loss and returning it in outputs.

            Following this, we can then look into the actual model definitions for BERT (source: here, and in particular check out the model that will be used in your Sentiment Analysis task (I assume a BertForSequenceClassification model.

            The code relevant for defining a loss function looks like this:

            Source https://stackoverflow.com/questions/71581197

            QUESTION

            I do not split well in pytorch
            Asked 2022-Mar-21 at 09:57

            I would like to do a tensor split in pytorch. However, I get an error message because I can't get the splitting to work.
            The behavior I want is to split the input data into two Fully Connected layers. I then want to create a model that combines the two Fully Connected layers into one. I believe the error is due to a wrong code in x1, x2 = torch.tensor_split(x,2)

            ...

            ANSWER

            Answered 2022-Mar-21 at 09:57
            Tl;dr

            Specify dim=1 in torch.tensor_split(x,2) .

            Explanation

            The x comes from two tensors with the shape [100,1] stacked at dim 1, so its shape is [100, 2]. After applying tensor_split, you get two tensors both with shape [50, 2].

            Source https://stackoverflow.com/questions/71554131

            QUESTION

            Alan AI Error Uncaught Error: The Alan Button instance has already been created. There cannot be two Alan Button instances created at the same time
            Asked 2022-Mar-21 at 09:48

            I am developing an E-commerce website AI powered Voice Command Using Alan AI. But Whenever I come back from another route, there's a blank page appears.and this error message shows in the console: "Uncaught Error: The Alan Button instance has already been created. There cannot be two Alan Button instances created at the same time". What can I do? my code is given below:

            ...

            ANSWER

            Answered 2022-Mar-21 at 09:48

            It's critical but easy...!

            Use requestAnimationFrame for your webpage visual changes.

            If run as a requestAnimationFrame callback, this will be run at the start of the frame.

            const Alan = () => {

            Source https://stackoverflow.com/questions/71548257

            QUESTION

            KeyedVectors\' object has no attribute \'wv for gensim 4.1.2
            Asked 2022-Mar-20 at 19:43

            i have migrated from gensim 3.8.3 to 4.1.2 and i am using this

            claim = [token for token in claim_text if token in w2v_model.wv.vocab]

            reference = [token for token in ref_text if token in w2v_model.wv.vocab]

            i am not sure how to replace w2v_model.wv.vocab to newer attribute and i am getting this error

            KeyedVectors' object has no attribute 'wv' can anyone please help.

            ...

            ANSWER

            Answered 2022-Mar-20 at 19:43

            You only use the .wv property to fetch the KeyedVectors object from another more complete algorithmic model, like a full Word2Vec model (which contains a KeyedVectors in its .wv attribute).

            If you're already working with just-the-vectors, there's no need to request the word-vectors subcomponent. Whatever you were going to do, you just do to the KeyedVectors directly.

            However, you're also using the .vocab attribute, which has been replaced. See the migration FAQ for more details:

            https://github.com/RaRe-Technologies/gensim/wiki/Migrating-from-Gensim-3.x-to-4#4-vocab-dict-became-key_to_index-for-looking-up-a-keys-integer-index-or-get_vecattr-and-set_vecattr-for-other-per-key-attributes

            (Mainly: instead of doing an in w2v_model.wv.vocab, you may only need to do in kv_model or in kv_model.key_to_index.)

            Source https://stackoverflow.com/questions/71544767

            QUESTION

            Can't initialize object of Detector class from py-feat
            Asked 2022-Mar-19 at 20:41

            I try to detecting FEX from videos according to this instruction: https://py-feat.org/content/detector.html#detecting-fex-from-videos

            But I can't initialize object of Detector class. Code that I use:

            ...

            ANSWER

            Answered 2022-Mar-19 at 20:41

            It looks like one of your files was corrupted.

            You can try to solve the problem by opening the directory C:\Users\User\AppData\Roaming\Python\Python39\site-packages\feat\resources\ and deleting the file ResMaskNet_Z_resmasking_dropout1_rot30.pth.

            Then run again the code and it should redownload the deleted file.

            The warning in the first two lines is just a warning, it's saying that some of the code in the library nilearn is deprecated. Most of the times you would just ignore this line, this will be probably fixed by the coders of nilearn in a future patch.

            Source https://stackoverflow.com/questions/71541634

            QUESTION

            How to load an onnx model using ONNX.js
            Asked 2022-Mar-08 at 09:10

            I am trying to import an ONNX model using onnxjs, but I get the below error:

            ...

            ANSWER

            Answered 2022-Mar-01 at 20:37

            QUESTION

            Spacy NER not recognising NAME
            Asked 2022-Mar-03 at 21:37

            Can anyone please help me understand why Spacy NER refuses to recognize the last NAME 'Hagrid' in the sentence, no matter the model used (sm, md, lg)?:

            "Hermione bought a car, then both Hermione and Hagrid raced it on the track. Tom Brady was very happy with Hagrid this year."

            ...

            ANSWER

            Answered 2022-Mar-03 at 21:37

            Well, Neural Network Models are basically a black box, so there is no way to know this for sure.

            I could imagine that the grammar in last sentence is a bit too "fancy"/literature-like if the model was trained on news or web data and might be throwing the model off. This difficulty of seeing the sentence context as something that would be followed up by a name as well as the fact that "Hagrid" is a kind of unusual name could be the reason.

            You can try some other models such as the one integrated in Flair:

            https://huggingface.co/flair/ner-english-large?text=Hermione+bought+a+car%2C+then+both+Hermione+and+Hagrid+raced+it+on+the+track.+Tom+Brady+was+very+happy+with+Hagrid+this+year.

            or this fine-tuned BERT model:

            https://huggingface.co/dslim/bert-large-NER?text=Hermione+bought+a+car%2C+then+both+Hermione+and+Hagrid+raced+it+on+the+track.+Tom+Brady+was+very+happy+with+Hagrid+this+year.

            They are more powerful and get it right, from my experience SpaCy is a nice tool and quite fast, but not the most precise for NER.

            Source https://stackoverflow.com/questions/71340177

            Community Discussions, Code Snippets contain sources that include Stack Exchange Network

            Vulnerabilities

            No vulnerabilities reported

            Install paipr

            You can download it from GitHub.
            On a UNIX-like operating system, using your system’s package manager is easiest. However, the packaged Ruby version may not be the newest one. There is also an installer for Windows. Managers help you to switch between multiple Ruby versions on your system. Installers can be used to install a specific or multiple Ruby versions. Please refer ruby-lang.org for more information.

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            For any new features, suggestions and bugs create an issue on GitHub. If you have any questions check and ask questions on community page Stack Overflow .
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