byte-sequence | Utilities for things like ApiKeys or SessionIds | Reflection library

The counter object is incremented outside the 'synchronized' lock (very first line of the nextValue method invokes incrementAndGet).

If you have 20 threads, the AtomicInteger starts out at 0, and each thread calls, simultaneously: counter.incrementAndGet(), then afterwards the atomicinteger holds value 20. Guaranteed.

Whereas if you have 20 threads and they all do, simultaneously: int c = counter.get(); counter.set(c + 1); then after all is done, the atomicinteger might be 20. Or 5. or 18. or 1.

The reason is rather simple: 20 threads all run the .get() line, all see zero, 20 threads all calculate '0+1', which is 1, and then 20 threads all set, in turn, the atomic integer to 1. Or even: one thread sees 0, gets pre-empted, 19 other threads play nice, increment the atomicinteger nicely from 0 to 19, and then finally that original thread continues on, calculates '0+1', and sets the atomicinteger to it, bringing us back to '.. and after all that the value is 1'.

Here the synchronization helps, but given that incrementing is occurring outside, you can still get the problem of the one thread that is inside the synchronized block reading, say, '5', then another 3 threads hitting the incrementAndGet outside of the synchronized block, making it 8, and then the original thread also setting the atomicinteger back to 6, thus you have 'missed' an bunch of increments.

Posted in another thread - use the iconv command to strip these characters out of your file. Greenplum is instantiated using a character set, UTF-8 by default, and requires that all characters be of the designated character set. You can also choose to log these errors with the LOG ERRORS clause of the EXTERNAL TABLE. This will trap the bad data and allow you to continue up to set LIMIT that you specify during create.

Unlike other troff implementations (namely Plan 9 and Heirloom troff), groff does not support UTF8 in documents. However, UTF8 output can be achieved using the preconv(1) pre-processor, which converts UTF8 characters in a file to groff native escape sequences.

Take for example this groff_ms(7) document:

The Rust reference provides a good list of situations where undefined behavior occurs. Of those, the one that most closely relates to the question is the following:

Invalid values in primitive types, even in private fields/locals:

• Dangling/null references or boxes
• A value other than false (0) or true (1) in a bool
• A discriminant in an enum not included in the type definition
• A value in a char which is a surrogate or above char::MAX
• Non-UTF-8 byte sequences in a str

And still, floating point types are not listed. This is because any bit sequence (32 bits for f32; 64 bits for f64) is a valid state for a floating point value, in accordance to the IEEE 754-2008 binary32 and binary64 floating-point types. They might not be normal (other classes are zero, subnormal, infinite, or not a number), but still valid nonetheless.

In the end though, there should always be Another Way around transmute. In particular, the byteorder crate provides a safe and intuitive way to read numbers from a stream of bytes.

You can try to use the idTcpClient.IOHandler.WriteDirect or idTcpClient.IOHandler.Write procedures.

procedure TForm1.Button1Click(Sender: TObject); var wBuf : TIdBytes; begin ... SetLength(wBuf, 5); wBuf[1] := $06; wBuf[2] := $00; wBuf[3] := $06; wBuf[4] := $D1; wBuf[5] := $FF; ... if (IdTCPClient.Connected) then begin try idTcpClient.IOHandler.WriteDirect(wBuf); except on e: exception do begin showmessage('Error :'+ e.message) end; end; end; ... end;

The error occurs when the values are transferred from Oracle to PostgreSQL, so post-processing won't prevent the error.

For the sake of demonstration, let's create an Oracle table that exhibits the problem:

This function does not accept the :external-format argument.

It does accept several optional parameters, but they have nothing to do with encodings.

This is a "top-level" operator, it creates a global dynamic variable. Never use it inside a function. Use let there instead - it binds variables lexically. loop (see below) also binds the variables.