bn | Pairing cryptography library in Rust | Cryptography library
kandi X-RAY | bn Summary
kandi X-RAY | bn Summary
This is a pairing cryptography library written in pure Rust. It makes use of the Barreto-Naehrig (BN) curve construction from [BCTV2015] to provide two cyclic groups G1 and G2, with an efficient bilinear pairing:.
Support
Quality
Security
License
Reuse
Top functions reviewed by kandi - BETA
Currently covering the most popular Java, JavaScript and Python libraries. See a Sample of bn
bn Key Features
bn Examples and Code Snippets
def fold_batch_norms(input_graph_def):
"""Removes batch normalization ops by folding them into convolutions.
Batch normalization during training has multiple dynamic parameters that are
updated, but once the graph is finalized these become con
def batch_gather_with_default(params,
indices,
default_value='',
name=None):
"""Same as `batch_gather` but inserts `default_value` for invalid indices.
Thi
def extended_euclidean_algorithm(a: int, b: int) -> tuple[int, int]:
"""
Extended Euclidean Algorithm.
Finds 2 numbers a and b such that it satisfies
the equation am + bn = gcd(m, n) (a.k.a Bezout's Identity)
>>> ext
Community Discussions
Trending Discussions on bn
QUESTION
I have about a half million records that look somewhat like this:
...ANSWER
Answered 2021-Jun-15 at 00:50For me, this is a natural fit for awk:
QUESTION
I am trying to use the binance_async
library, tokio
, and futures
to make concurrent orders to Binance. (See notes at the end of this question.)
The binance_async
functions I'm using return a
binance_async::error::Result>
type. I am facing the following issue, illustrated in these 2 examples:
- Say I'm trying to do this:
ANSWER
Answered 2021-Jun-11 at 18:22binance_async
uses futures 0.1, which is incompatible with the now standardized std::future::Future
that tokio
uses. You can convert a futures 0.1 future to a standard future by enabling the compat
feature:
QUESTION
import numpy as np
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import torch.nn.functional as F
import torchvision
from PIL import Image
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
class Model_Down(nn.Module):
"""
Convolutional (Downsampling) Blocks.
nd = Number of Filters
kd = Kernel size
"""
def __init__(self,in_channels, nd = 128, kd = 3, padding = 1, stride = 2):
super(Model_Down,self).__init__()
self.padder = nn.ReflectionPad2d(padding)
self.conv1 = nn.Conv2d(in_channels = in_channels, out_channels = nd, kernel_size = kd, stride = stride)
self.bn1 = nn.BatchNorm2d(nd)
self.conv2 = nn.Conv2d(in_channels = nd, out_channels = nd, kernel_size = kd, stride = 1)
self.bn2 = nn.BatchNorm2d(nd)
self.relu = nn.LeakyReLU()
def forward(self, x):
x = self.padder(x)
x = self.conv1(x)
x = self.bn1(x)
x = self.relu(x)
x = self.padder(x)
x = self.conv2(x)
x = self.bn2(x)
x = self.relu(x)
return x
...ANSWER
Answered 2021-Jun-11 at 17:50Here is a functional equivalent of the main Model forward(x)
method. It is much more verbose, but it is "unravelling" the flow of operations, making it more easily understandable.
I assumed that the length of the list-arguments are always 5
(i is in the [0, 4] range, inclusive) so I could unpack properly (and it follows the default set of parameters).
QUESTION
(new in javascript)
I am asked to remove a country (China) from the dropdown menu of the plugin intl-tel-input
the code below displays the dropdown menu and it looks that it calls the utils.js file to retain the countries
...ANSWER
Answered 2021-Jun-11 at 12:14If you take a look at the intl-tel-input
documentation regarding Initialisation Options. There is an option called excludeCountries
.
We can modify your initialisation code to include this option to exclude China:
QUESTION
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import torch.nn.functional as F
class double_conv(nn.Module):
'''(conv => BN => ReLU) * 2'''
def __init__(self, in_ch, out_ch):
super(double_conv, self).__init__()
self.conv = nn.Sequential(
nn.Conv2d(in_ch, out_ch, 3, padding=1),
nn.BatchNorm2d(out_ch),
nn.ReLU(inplace=True),
nn.Conv2d(out_ch, out_ch, 3, padding=1),
nn.BatchNorm2d(out_ch),
nn.ReLU(inplace=True)
)
def forward(self, x):
x = self.conv(x)
return x
class inconv(nn.Module):
def __init__(self, in_ch, out_ch):
super(inconv, self).__init__()
self.conv = double_conv(in_ch, out_ch)
def forward(self, x):
x = self.conv(x)
return x
class down(nn.Module):
def __init__(self, in_ch, out_ch):
super(down, self).__init__()
self.mpconv = nn.Sequential(
nn.MaxPool2d(2),
double_conv(in_ch, out_ch)
)
def forward(self, x):
x = self.mpconv(x)
return x
class up(nn.Module):
def __init__(self, in_ch, out_ch, bilinear=True):
super(up, self).__init__()
# would be a nice idea if the upsampling could be learned too,
# but my machine do not have enough memory to handle all those weights
if bilinear:
self.up = nn.Upsample(scale_factor=2, mode='bilinear', align_corners=True)
else:
self.up = nn.ConvTranspose2d(in_ch//2, in_ch//2, 2, stride=2)
self.conv = double_conv(in_ch, out_ch)
def forward(self, x1, x2):
x1 = self.up(x1)
diffX = x1.size()[2] - x2.size()[2]
diffY = x1.size()[3] - x2.size()[3]
x2 = F.pad(x2, (diffX // 2, int(diffX / 2),
diffY // 2, int(diffY / 2)))
x = torch.cat([x2, x1], dim=1)
x = self.conv(x)
return x
class outconv(nn.Module):
def __init__(self, in_ch, out_ch):
super(outconv, self).__init__()
self.conv = nn.Conv2d(in_ch, out_ch, 1)
def forward(self, x):
x = self.conv(x)
return x
class UNet(nn.Module):
def __init__(self, n_channels, n_classes):
super(UNet, self).__init__()
self.inc = inconv(n_channels, 64)
self.down1 = down(64, 128)
self.down2 = down(128, 256)
self.down3 = down(256, 512)
self.down4 = down(512, 512)
self.up1 = up(1024, 256)
self.up2 = up(512, 128)
self.up3 = up(256, 64)
self.up4 = up(128, 64)
self.outc = outconv(64, n_classes)
def forward(self, x):
self.x1 = self.inc(x)
self.x2 = self.down1(self.x1)
self.x3 = self.down2(self.x2)
self.x4 = self.down3(self.x3)
self.x5 = self.down4(self.x4)
self.x6 = self.up1(self.x5, self.x4)
self.x7 = self.up2(self.x6, self.x3)
self.x8 = self.up3(self.x7, self.x2)
self.x9 = self.up4(self.x8, self.x1)
self.y = self.outc(self.x9)
return self.y
...ANSWER
Answered 2021-Jun-11 at 09:42Does n_classes signify multiclass segmentation?
Yes, if you specify n_classes=4
it will output a (batch, 4, width, height)
shaped tensor, where each pixel can be segmented as one of 4
classes. Also one should use torch.nn.CrossEntropyLoss
for training.
If so, what is the output of binary UNet segmentation?
If you want to use binary segmentation you'd specify n_classes=1
(either 0
for black or 1
for white) and use torch.nn.BCEWithLogitsLoss
I am trying to use this code for image denoising and I couldn't figure out what will should the n_classes parameter be
It should be equal to n_channels
, usually 3
for RGB or 1
for grayscale. If you want to teach this model to denoise an image you should:
- Add some noise to the image (e.g. using
torchvision.transforms
) - Use
sigmoid
activation at the end as the pixels will have value between0
and1
(unless normalized) - Use
torch.nn.MSELoss
for training
Because [0,255]
pixel range is represented as [0, 1]
pixel value (without normalization at least). sigmoid
does exactly that - squashes value into [0, 1]
range, hence linear
outputs (logits) can have a range from -inf
to +inf
.
Why not a linear output and a clamp?
In order for the Linear layer to be in [0, 1]
range after clamp possible output values from Linear would have to be greater than 0
(logits range to fit the target: [0, +inf]
)
Why not a linear output without a clamp?
Logits outputted would have to be within [0, 1]
range
Why not some other method?
You could do that, but the idea of sigmoid
is:
- help neural network (any logit value can be outputted)
- first derivative of
sigmoid
is gaussian standard normal, hence it models the probability of many real-life occurring phenomena (see also here for more)
QUESTION
I'm working on this image classification problem with keras. I'm trying to use subclassing API's
to do almost everything. I've created my custom
conv blocks which looks as follows:
ANSWER
Answered 2021-Jun-07 at 16:40In your custom model with subclassed API, implement the call
method as follows:
QUESTION
I have modified VGG16 in pytorch to insert things like BN and dropout within the feature extractor. By chance I now noticed something strange when I changed the definition of the forward method from:
...ANSWER
Answered 2021-Jun-07 at 14:13I can't run your code, but I believe the issue is because linear layers expect 2d data input (as it is really a matrix multiplication), while you provide 4d input (with dims 2 and 3 of size 1).
Please try squeeze
QUESTION
I am getting 40 key & value data when the user submits the from. Like below.
...ANSWER
Answered 2021-Jun-05 at 18:04This is how it can be done.
QUESTION
I'm trying to compile this super simple code:
...ANSWER
Answered 2021-Jun-05 at 18:44As you found, this function is defined in the libcrypto
library, but you did not actually link with that library. You need to add -lcrypto
to the end of your linker command line.
The -L
option specifies a directory to be searched for libraries requested with -l
options, but does not itself add any libraries to the link.
QUESTION
Regd below statement can anyone clarify below questions ?
Satement: When a DataNode is down, it does not affect the availability of data or the cluster. NameNode will arrange for replication for the blocks managed by the DataNode that is not available
Questions:
- When datanode(d1) is down will namenode blindly start replicating blocks(B1,B2..Bn) on other nodes(d2)?
- But when datanode(d1) is up , what happens to the same existing blocks(B1,B2...Bn) on datanode(d1)?
Explanation:
Lets say datanode d1 has blocks b1 ,b2..Bn Since it is down namenode will start replicating them on to datanode d2 or other. But when d1 is up what happens to the d1 blocks ?
...ANSWER
Answered 2021-Jun-04 at 18:17DataNodes notice NameNode about receiving or deletion of blocks or they send over list of their replicas periodically. Moreover, NameNode has one stillrunning thread namely ReplicationMonitor to get underreplication and overreplication under its radar and plans for deletion/replication accordingly
Community Discussions, Code Snippets contain sources that include Stack Exchange Network
Vulnerabilities
No vulnerabilities reported
Install bn
Rust is installed and managed by the rustup tool. Rust has a 6-week rapid release process and supports a great number of platforms, so there are many builds of Rust available at any time. Please refer rust-lang.org for more information.
Support
Reuse Trending Solutions
Find, review, and download reusable Libraries, Code Snippets, Cloud APIs from over 650 million Knowledge Items
Find more librariesStay Updated
Subscribe to our newsletter for trending solutions and developer bootcamps
Share this Page