bn | Pairing cryptography library in Rust | Cryptography library

 by   zcash-hackworks Rust Version: Current License: Non-SPDX

kandi X-RAY | bn Summary

kandi X-RAY | bn Summary

bn is a Rust library typically used in Security, Cryptography applications. bn has no bugs, it has no vulnerabilities and it has low support. However bn has a Non-SPDX License. You can download it from GitHub.

This is a pairing cryptography library written in pure Rust. It makes use of the Barreto-Naehrig (BN) curve construction from [BCTV2015] to provide two cyclic groups G1 and G2, with an efficient bilinear pairing:.
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            kandi-support Support

              bn has a low active ecosystem.
              It has 152 star(s) with 115 fork(s). There are 19 watchers for this library.
              OutlinedDot
              It had no major release in the last 6 months.
              There are 3 open issues and 4 have been closed. On average issues are closed in 139 days. There are 5 open pull requests and 0 closed requests.
              It has a neutral sentiment in the developer community.
              The latest version of bn is current.

            kandi-Quality Quality

              bn has no bugs reported.

            kandi-Security Security

              bn has no vulnerabilities reported, and its dependent libraries have no vulnerabilities reported.

            kandi-License License

              bn has a Non-SPDX License.
              Non-SPDX licenses can be open source with a non SPDX compliant license, or non open source licenses, and you need to review them closely before use.

            kandi-Reuse Reuse

              bn releases are not available. You will need to build from source code and install.
              Installation instructions are not available. Examples and code snippets are available.

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            bn Key Features

            No Key Features are available at this moment for bn.

            bn Examples and Code Snippets

            Folds the batch norm of the input graph .
            pythondot img1Lines of Code : 209dot img1License : Non-SPDX (Apache License 2.0)
            copy iconCopy
            def fold_batch_norms(input_graph_def):
              """Removes batch normalization ops by folding them into convolutions.
            
              Batch normalization during training has multiple dynamic parameters that are
              updated, but once the graph is finalized these become con  
            Batch gather .
            pythondot img2Lines of Code : 104dot img2License : Non-SPDX (Apache License 2.0)
            copy iconCopy
            def batch_gather_with_default(params,
                                          indices,
                                          default_value='',
                                          name=None):
              """Same as `batch_gather` but inserts `default_value` for invalid indices.
            
              Thi  
            Extended Euclidean algorithm .
            pythondot img3Lines of Code : 52dot img3License : Permissive (MIT License)
            copy iconCopy
            def extended_euclidean_algorithm(a: int, b: int) -> tuple[int, int]:
                """
                Extended Euclidean Algorithm.
            
                Finds 2 numbers a and b such that it satisfies
                the equation am + bn = gcd(m, n) (a.k.a Bezout's Identity)
            
                >>> ext  

            Community Discussions

            QUESTION

            Most efficient way to replace thousands of strings in a giant file
            Asked 2021-Jun-15 at 07:38

            I have about a half million records that look somewhat like this:

            ...

            ANSWER

            Answered 2021-Jun-15 at 00:50

            For me, this is a natural fit for awk:

            Source https://stackoverflow.com/questions/67978411

            QUESTION

            How can I create interoperability between different Future traits in Rust?
            Asked 2021-Jun-11 at 18:22

            I am trying to use the binance_async library, tokio, and futures to make concurrent orders to Binance. (See notes at the end of this question.)
            The binance_async functions I'm using return a binance_async::error::Result> type. I am facing the following issue, illustrated in these 2 examples:

            1. Say I'm trying to do this:
            ...

            ANSWER

            Answered 2021-Jun-11 at 18:22

            binance_async uses futures 0.1, which is incompatible with the now standardized std::future::Future that tokio uses. You can convert a futures 0.1 future to a standard future by enabling the compat feature:

            Source https://stackoverflow.com/questions/67934901

            QUESTION

            How to read this modified unet?
            Asked 2021-Jun-11 at 17:50
            import numpy as np
            import torch
            import torch.nn as nn
            import torch.nn.functional as F
            import torchvision
            from PIL import Image
            import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
            
            class Model_Down(nn.Module):
                """
                Convolutional (Downsampling) Blocks.
            
                nd = Number of Filters
                kd = Kernel size
            
                """
                def __init__(self,in_channels, nd = 128, kd = 3, padding = 1, stride = 2):
                    super(Model_Down,self).__init__()
                    self.padder = nn.ReflectionPad2d(padding)
                    self.conv1 = nn.Conv2d(in_channels = in_channels, out_channels = nd, kernel_size = kd, stride = stride)
                    self.bn1 = nn.BatchNorm2d(nd)
            
                    self.conv2 = nn.Conv2d(in_channels = nd, out_channels = nd, kernel_size = kd, stride = 1)
                    self.bn2 = nn.BatchNorm2d(nd)
            
                    self.relu = nn.LeakyReLU()
            
                def forward(self, x):
                    x = self.padder(x)
                    x = self.conv1(x)
                    x = self.bn1(x)
                    x = self.relu(x)
                    x = self.padder(x)
                    x = self.conv2(x)
                    x = self.bn2(x)
                    x = self.relu(x)
                    return x
            
            ...

            ANSWER

            Answered 2021-Jun-11 at 17:50

            Here is a functional equivalent of the main Model forward(x) method. It is much more verbose, but it is "unravelling" the flow of operations, making it more easily understandable.

            I assumed that the length of the list-arguments are always 5 (i is in the [0, 4] range, inclusive) so I could unpack properly (and it follows the default set of parameters).

            Source https://stackoverflow.com/questions/67936380

            QUESTION

            How to remove a country from intl-tel-input
            Asked 2021-Jun-11 at 12:14

            (new in javascript)

            I am asked to remove a country (China) from the dropdown menu of the plugin intl-tel-input

            the code below displays the dropdown menu and it looks that it calls the utils.js file to retain the countries

            ...

            ANSWER

            Answered 2021-Jun-11 at 12:14

            If you take a look at the intl-tel-input documentation regarding Initialisation Options. There is an option called excludeCountries.

            We can modify your initialisation code to include this option to exclude China:

            Source https://stackoverflow.com/questions/67935923

            QUESTION

            Why does unet have classes?
            Asked 2021-Jun-11 at 09:42
            import torch
            import torch.nn as nn
            import torch.nn.functional as F
            
            
            class double_conv(nn.Module):
                '''(conv => BN => ReLU) * 2'''
                def __init__(self, in_ch, out_ch):
                    super(double_conv, self).__init__()
                    self.conv = nn.Sequential(
                        nn.Conv2d(in_ch, out_ch, 3, padding=1),
                        nn.BatchNorm2d(out_ch),
                        nn.ReLU(inplace=True),
                        nn.Conv2d(out_ch, out_ch, 3, padding=1),
                        nn.BatchNorm2d(out_ch),
                        nn.ReLU(inplace=True)
                    )
            
                def forward(self, x):
                    x = self.conv(x)
                    return x
            
            
            class inconv(nn.Module):
                def __init__(self, in_ch, out_ch):
                    super(inconv, self).__init__()
                    self.conv = double_conv(in_ch, out_ch)
            
                def forward(self, x):
                    x = self.conv(x)
                    return x
            
            
            class down(nn.Module):
                def __init__(self, in_ch, out_ch):
                    super(down, self).__init__()
                    self.mpconv = nn.Sequential(
                        nn.MaxPool2d(2),
                        double_conv(in_ch, out_ch)
                    )
            
                def forward(self, x):
                    x = self.mpconv(x)
                    return x
            
            
            class up(nn.Module):
                def __init__(self, in_ch, out_ch, bilinear=True):
                    super(up, self).__init__()
            
                    #  would be a nice idea if the upsampling could be learned too,
                    #  but my machine do not have enough memory to handle all those weights
                    if bilinear:
                        self.up = nn.Upsample(scale_factor=2, mode='bilinear', align_corners=True)
                    else:
                        self.up = nn.ConvTranspose2d(in_ch//2, in_ch//2, 2, stride=2)
            
                    self.conv = double_conv(in_ch, out_ch)
            
                def forward(self, x1, x2):
                    x1 = self.up(x1)
                    diffX = x1.size()[2] - x2.size()[2]
                    diffY = x1.size()[3] - x2.size()[3]
                    x2 = F.pad(x2, (diffX // 2, int(diffX / 2),
                                    diffY // 2, int(diffY / 2)))
                    x = torch.cat([x2, x1], dim=1)
                    x = self.conv(x)
                    return x
            
            
            class outconv(nn.Module):
                def __init__(self, in_ch, out_ch):
                    super(outconv, self).__init__()
                    self.conv = nn.Conv2d(in_ch, out_ch, 1)
            
                def forward(self, x):
                    x = self.conv(x)
                    return x
            
            
            class UNet(nn.Module):
                def __init__(self, n_channels, n_classes):
                    super(UNet, self).__init__()
                    self.inc = inconv(n_channels, 64)
                    self.down1 = down(64, 128)
                    self.down2 = down(128, 256)
                    self.down3 = down(256, 512)
                    self.down4 = down(512, 512)
                    self.up1 = up(1024, 256)
                    self.up2 = up(512, 128)
                    self.up3 = up(256, 64)
                    self.up4 = up(128, 64)
                    self.outc = outconv(64, n_classes)
            
                def forward(self, x):
                    self.x1 = self.inc(x)
                    self.x2 = self.down1(self.x1)
                    self.x3 = self.down2(self.x2)
                    self.x4 = self.down3(self.x3)
                    self.x5 = self.down4(self.x4)
                    self.x6 = self.up1(self.x5, self.x4)
                    self.x7 = self.up2(self.x6, self.x3)
                    self.x8 = self.up3(self.x7, self.x2)
                    self.x9 = self.up4(self.x8, self.x1)
                    self.y = self.outc(self.x9)
                    return self.y
            
            ...

            ANSWER

            Answered 2021-Jun-11 at 09:42
            Answer

            Does n_classes signify multiclass segmentation?

            Yes, if you specify n_classes=4 it will output a (batch, 4, width, height) shaped tensor, where each pixel can be segmented as one of 4 classes. Also one should use torch.nn.CrossEntropyLoss for training.

            If so, what is the output of binary UNet segmentation?

            If you want to use binary segmentation you'd specify n_classes=1 (either 0 for black or 1 for white) and use torch.nn.BCEWithLogitsLoss

            I am trying to use this code for image denoising and I couldn't figure out what will should the n_classes parameter be

            It should be equal to n_channels, usually 3 for RGB or 1 for grayscale. If you want to teach this model to denoise an image you should:

            • Add some noise to the image (e.g. using torchvision.transforms)
            • Use sigmoid activation at the end as the pixels will have value between 0 and 1 (unless normalized)
            • Use torch.nn.MSELoss for training
            Why sigmoid?

            Because [0,255] pixel range is represented as [0, 1] pixel value (without normalization at least). sigmoid does exactly that - squashes value into [0, 1] range, hence linear outputs (logits) can have a range from -inf to +inf.

            Why not a linear output and a clamp?

            In order for the Linear layer to be in [0, 1] range after clamp possible output values from Linear would have to be greater than 0 (logits range to fit the target: [0, +inf])

            Why not a linear output without a clamp?

            Logits outputted would have to be within [0, 1] range

            Why not some other method?

            You could do that, but the idea of sigmoid is:

            • help neural network (any logit value can be outputted)
            • first derivative of sigmoid is gaussian standard normal, hence it models the probability of many real-life occurring phenomena (see also here for more)

            Source https://stackoverflow.com/questions/67932624

            QUESTION

            NotImplementedError: When subclassing the `Model` class, you should implement a `call` method
            Asked 2021-Jun-07 at 16:42

            I'm working on this image classification problem with keras. I'm trying to use subclassing API's to do almost everything. I've created my custom conv blocks which looks as follows:

            ...

            ANSWER

            Answered 2021-Jun-07 at 16:40

            In your custom model with subclassed API, implement the call method as follows:

            Source https://stackoverflow.com/questions/67870304

            QUESTION

            Trouble understanding behaviour of modified VGG16 forward method (Pytorch)
            Asked 2021-Jun-07 at 14:13

            I have modified VGG16 in pytorch to insert things like BN and dropout within the feature extractor. By chance I now noticed something strange when I changed the definition of the forward method from:

            ...

            ANSWER

            Answered 2021-Jun-07 at 14:13

            I can't run your code, but I believe the issue is because linear layers expect 2d data input (as it is really a matrix multiplication), while you provide 4d input (with dims 2 and 3 of size 1).

            Please try squeeze

            Source https://stackoverflow.com/questions/67870887

            QUESTION

            PHP - Match answer with two array and increase the count
            Asked 2021-Jun-06 at 05:09

            I am getting 40 key & value data when the user submits the from. Like below.

            ...

            ANSWER

            Answered 2021-Jun-05 at 18:04

            This is how it can be done.

            Source https://stackoverflow.com/questions/67851864

            QUESTION

            Undefined symbols for architecture arm64: _BN_new
            Asked 2021-Jun-05 at 18:44

            I'm trying to compile this super simple code:

            ...

            ANSWER

            Answered 2021-Jun-05 at 18:44

            As you found, this function is defined in the libcrypto library, but you did not actually link with that library. You need to add -lcrypto to the end of your linker command line.

            The -L option specifies a directory to be searched for libraries requested with -l options, but does not itself add any libraries to the link.

            Source https://stackoverflow.com/questions/67852583

            QUESTION

            when Hadoop DataNode is down
            Asked 2021-Jun-04 at 18:17

            Regd below statement can anyone clarify below questions ?

            Satement: When a DataNode is down, it does not affect the availability of data or the cluster. NameNode will arrange for replication for the blocks managed by the DataNode that is not available

            Questions:

            1. When datanode(d1) is down will namenode blindly start replicating blocks(B1,B2..Bn) on other nodes(d2)?
            2. But when datanode(d1) is up , what happens to the same existing blocks(B1,B2...Bn) on datanode(d1)?

            Explanation:

            Lets say datanode d1 has blocks b1 ,b2..Bn Since it is down namenode will start replicating them on to datanode d2 or other. But when d1 is up what happens to the d1 blocks ?

            ...

            ANSWER

            Answered 2021-Jun-04 at 18:17

            DataNodes notice NameNode about receiving or deletion of blocks or they send over list of their replicas periodically. Moreover, NameNode has one still­running thread namely ReplicationMonitor to get under­replication and over­replication under its radar and plans for deletion/replication accordingly

            source

            Source https://stackoverflow.com/questions/67840778

            Community Discussions, Code Snippets contain sources that include Stack Exchange Network

            Vulnerabilities

            No vulnerabilities reported

            Install bn

            You can download it from GitHub.
            Rust is installed and managed by the rustup tool. Rust has a 6-week rapid release process and supports a great number of platforms, so there are many builds of Rust available at any time. Please refer rust-lang.org for more information.

            Support

            Unless you explicitly state otherwise, any contribution intentionally submitted for inclusion in the work by you, as defined in the Apache-2.0 license, shall be dual licensed as above, without any additional terms or conditions.
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