amlogic-s9xxx-armbian | Support a311d s922x s905x3 s905x2 s912 s905d
kandi X-RAY | amlogic-s9xxx-armbian Summary
kandi X-RAY | amlogic-s9xxx-armbian Summary
Armbian for Amlogic s9xxx tv box. Support a311d, s922x, s905x3, s905x2, s912, s905d, s905x, s905w, s905, etc. including install to EMMC and update related functions.
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Community Discussions
Trending Discussions on Embedded System
QUESTION
I'm currently writing some code for embedded systems (both in c and c++) and in trying to minimize memory use I've noticed that I used a lot of code that relies on integer promotions. For example (to my knowledge this code is identical in c and c++):
...ANSWER
Answered 2022-Mar-31 at 19:52Your question raises an important issue in C programming and in programming in general: does the program behave as expected in all cases?
The expression (brightness * maxval) / 100 computes an intermediary value brightness * maxval that may exceed the range of the type used to compute it. In Python and some other languages, this is not an issue because integers do not have a restricted range, but in C, C++, java, javascript and many other languages, integer types have a fixed number of bits so the multiplication can exceed this range.
It is the programmer's responsibility to ascertain that the range of the operands ensures that the multiplication does not overflow. This requires a good understanding of the integer promotion and conversion rules, which vary from one language to another and are somewhat tricky in C, especially with operands mixing signed and unsigned types.
In your particular case, both brightness and maxval have a type smaller than int so they are promoted to int with the same value and the multiplication produces an int value. If brightness is a percentage in the range 0 to 100, the result is in the range 0 to 25500, which the C Standard guarantees to be in the range of type int, and dividing this number by 100 produces a value in the range 0 to 100, in the range of int, and also in the range of the destination type uint8_t, so the operation is fully defined.
Whether this process should be documented in a comment or verified with debugging assertions is a matter of local coding rules. Changing the order of the operands to maxval * brightness / 100 and possibly using more explicit values and variable names might help the reader:
QUESTION
Coming from C/C++ background, I am aware of coding standards that apply for Safety Critical applications (like the classic trio Medical-Automotive-Aerospace) in the context of embedded systems , such as MISRA, SEI CERT, Barr etc.
Skipping the question if it should or if it is applicable as a language, I want to create Python applications for embedded systems that -even vaguely- follow some safety standard, but couldn't find any by searching, except from generic Python coding standards (like PEP8)
Is there a Python coding guideline that specificallly apply to safety-critical systems ?
...ANSWER
Answered 2022-Feb-02 at 08:46Top layer safety standards for "functional safety" like IEC 61508 (industrial), ISO 26262 (automotive) or DO-178 (aerospace) etc come with a software part (for example IEC 61508-3), where they list a number of suitable programming languages. These are exclusively old languages proven in use for a long time, where all flaws and poorly-defined behavior is regarded as well-known and execution can be regarded as predictable.
In practice, for the highest safety levels it means that you are pretty much restricted to C with safe subset (MISRA C) or Ada with safe subset (SPARK). A bunch of other old languages like Modula-2, Pascal and Fortran are also mentioned, but the tool support for these in the context of modern safety MCUs is non-existent. As is support for Python for such MCUs.
Languages like Python and C++ are not even mentioned for the lowest safety levels, so between the lines they are dismissed as entirely unsuitable. Even less so than pure assembler, which is actually mentioned as something that may used for the lower safety levels.
QUESTION
I've been developing in C using eclipse as my IDE in my virtual machine with ubuntu, I've made some progress and I wanted to test them in the real product which is an embedded system using powerpc.
In order to compile that program for our product I use Code::Blocks in Windows but the compiler is a powerpc version of the gcc.
The same code is giving me an error in the powerpc version that doesn't appear in the ubuntu version.
I have two header files gral.h and module_hand.h as follows:
The gral.h file:
...ANSWER
Answered 2022-Mar-17 at 18:30In the gral.h header file, you define profile_t using typedef, then you redefine profile_t with another typedef in module_hand.h. You should just define the struct PROFILE in gral_h and include gral.h in module_hand.h.
gral.h:
QUESTION
I'm working on some Linux embedded system at the moment and using Yocto to build Linux distribution for a board.
I've followed Yocto build flow:
- download layers sources
- build image
- flash image into the board or generate SDK.
Everything works great. However I was required to add some changes to local.conf, probably add some *.bbapend files, systemd services and so forth. So, I'm wondering how can save that local changes in case if I'll want to setup a new build machine or current one will be corrupted.
Should I create a custom image or layer that will inherit everything from a board manufacturer one and add changes and functionalities that are needed to me? Or something else?
...ANSWER
Answered 2022-Mar-11 at 08:27Generally when working on a custom project with Yocto, here is what possibly you will need:
First of all, you need to create your custom layer
QUESTION
I have a few large static arrays that are used in a resource constrained embedded system (small microcontroller, bare metal). These are occasionally added to over the course of the project, but all follow that same mathematical formula for population. I could just make a Python script to generate a new header with the needed arrays before compilation, but it would be nicer to have it happen in the pre-processor like you might do with template meta-programming in C++. Is there any relatively easy way to do this in C? I've seen ways to get control structures like while loops using just the pre-processor, but that seems a bit unnatural to me.
Here is an example of once such map, an approximation to arctan, in Python, where the parameter a is used to determine the length and values of the array, and is currently run at a variety of values from about 100 to about 2^14:
ANSWER
Answered 2022-Mar-08 at 22:33Is there any relatively easy way to do this in C?
No.
Stick to a Python script and incorporate it inside your build system. It is normal to generate C code using other scripts. This will be strongly relatively easier than a million lines of C code.
Take a look at M4 or Jinja2 (or PHP) - these macro processors allow sharing code with C source in the same file.
QUESTION
I'm trying to build libc6 with a custom prefix by modifying the prefix=/usr line in debian/rules. However, this fails because the patch is applied multiple times. Curiously, patching another file does not result in the same error. I've distilled the failure down to this script:
ANSWER
Answered 2022-Mar-07 at 18:33The debian/rules directory is special [citation needed] and shouldn't be patched using the usual quilt commands. You can modify them directly before building the package or use the patch command (patch -p1 in this case).
QUESTION
This is a time table, columns=hour, rows=weekday, data=subject [weekday x hour]
...ANSWER
Answered 2022-Mar-05 at 16:06Use melt to flatten your dataframe then pivot_table to reshape your dataframe:
QUESTION
I need to run numpy in an embedded system that has an ARM SoC, so I cross-compiled Python 3.8.10 and Numpy using arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc. Then I copied both executables and libraries to the embedded system. But when I try to import numpy I get the following error:
...ANSWER
Answered 2022-Jan-30 at 13:03I found the problem, it was a Python compilation issue. I used the following commands to compile Python and the problem was solved.
QUESTION
I am trying to write a special type handling for array data redundancy. The idea is to define and declare an array globally at compile time with fixed size, but the size is different to each declared array. This is the idea:
...ANSWER
Answered 2022-Jan-28 at 00:00I feel like a solution to this would be one of those macros that consists of two dozen sub-macros, and those solutions always make me decide to solve the problem some other way. Macros can do some things, but they're not a full programming language and so they're limited in what they can do.
I would just write a small utility to convert the raw data to C code and then #include that. You can compile the utility as part of your compilation process and then use it to compile the rest of your code. So your data.txt could just say "test 1 2 3 4 5 6 7" and your utility would output whatever declarations you need.
QUESTION
I am looking for an efficient way of pixel manipulation in python. The goal is to make a python script that acts as virtual desktop for embedded system. I already have one version that works, but it takes more than a second to display single frame (too long).
Refreshing display 5 times per second would be great.
How it works:
- There is an electronic device with microcontroller and display (128x64px, black and white pixels).
- There is a PC connected to it via RS-485.
- There is a data buffer in microcontroller, that represents every single pixel. Lets call it diplay_buffer.
- Python script on PC downloads diplay_buffer from microcontroller.
- Python script creates image according to data from diplay_buffer. (THIS I NEED TO OPTIMIZE)
diplay_buffer is an array of 1024 bytes. Microcontroller prepares it and then displays its content on the real display. I need to display a virtual copy of real display on PC screen using python script.
How it is displayed:
Single bit in diplay_buffer represents single pixel. display has 128x64 pixels. Each byte from diplay_buffer represents 8 pixels in vertical. First 128 bytes represent first row of pixels (there is 64px / 8 pixels in byte = 8 rows).
I use python TK and function img.put() to insert pixels. I insert black pixel if bit is 1 and white if bit is 0. It is very ineffective. Meybe there is diffrent class than PhotoImage, with better pixel capability?
I attach minimum code with sample diplay_buffer. When you run the script, you will see the frame and execution time.
Meybe there would be somebody so helpful to try optimize it? Could you tell me faster way of displaying pixels, please?
denderdale
Sample frame downloaded from uC
And the code (you can easily run it)
...ANSWER
Answered 2022-Jan-22 at 14:05I don't really use Tkinter, but I have read that using put() to write individual pixels into an image is very slow. So, I adapted your code to put the pixels into a Numpy array instead, then use PIL to convert that to a PhotoImage.
The conversion of your byte buffer into a PhotoImage takes around 1ms on my Mac. It could probably go 10-100x faster if you wrapped the three for loops into a Numba-jitted function but it doesn't seem worth it as it is probably fast enough.
Community Discussions, Code Snippets contain sources that include Stack Exchange Network
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Install amlogic-s9xxx-armbian
Install Armbian to EMMC
Login in to armbian (default user: root, default password: 1234) → input command:. The mainline u-boot is installed by default, In order to support the use of 5.10 and above kernels. If you choose not to install, specify it in the 1 input parameter, e.g. armbian-install no.
Update Armbian Kernel
Login in to armbian → input command:. After installing docker, you can choose whether to install the portainer visual management panel. Users who intend to use the LAN IP for management can choose (h) to install the http://ip:9000 version; Users who intend to use the domain name for remote management can choose (s) to install the https://domain:9000 domain name certificate version (Please name the domain name SSL certificate as portainer.crt and portainer.key and upload it to the /etc/ssl/ directory); Users who do not need to install can choose (n) to end the installation.
Modify Armbian Config
Compile all cores and all firmware types. Specify the Build firmware type. Write the build firmware name individually, such as -b s905x3 . Multiple firmware use _ connect such as -b s905x3_s905d . You can use these codes: a311d, s905x3, s905x2, s905x, s905w, s905d, s905d-ki, s905, s922x, s922x-n2, s912, s912-t95z . Note: s922x-reva is s922x-gtking-pro-rev_a, s922x-n2 is s922x-odroid-n2, s912-t95z is s912-t95z-plus, s905d-ki is s912-mecool-ki-pro, s905x2-km3 is s905x2-mecool-km3. Specify the version branch, Such as -v stable. The specified name must be the same as the branch directory name. The stable branch version is used by default. Specify the kernel version, Such as -k 5.4.180 . Multiple kernel use _ connection such as -k 5.15.25_5.4.180. Set whether to automatically adopt the latest version of the kernel of the same series. When it is true, it will automatically find in the kernel library whether there is an updated version of the kernel specified in -k such as 5.4.180 version. If there is the latest version of 5.4 same series, it will automatically Replace with the latest version. When set to false, the specified version of the kernel will be compiled. Default value: true. Specify the size of the ROOTFS partition in MB. The default is 2748, and the specified size must be greater than 2000. Such as -s 2748. sudo ./rebuild -d: Use the default configuration to pack all boxes. sudo ./rebuild -d -b s905x3 -k 5.4.180: recommend. Use the default configuration, specify a kernel and a firmware for compilation. sudo ./rebuild -d -b s905x3_s905d -k 5.15.25_5.4.180: Use the default configuration, specify multiple cores, and multiple firmware for compilation. use _ to connect. sudo ./rebuild -d -b s905x3 -k 5.4.180 -s 2748: Use the default configuration, specify a kernel, a firmware, and set the partition size for compilation. sudo ./rebuild -d -b s905x3 -v dev -k 5.7.19: Use the default configuration, specify the model, specify the version branch, and specify the kernel for packaging. sudo ./rebuild -d -b s905x3_s905d: Use the default configuration, specify multiple firmware, use _ to connect. compile all kernels. sudo ./rebuild -d -k 5.15.25_5.4.180: Use the default configuration. Specify multiple cores, use _ to connect. sudo ./rebuild -d -k 5.15.25_5.4.180 -a true: Use the default configuration. Specify multiple cores, use _ to connect. Auto update to the latest kernel of the same series. sudo ./rebuild -d -s 2748 -k 5.4.180: Use the default configuration and set the partition size to 2748m, and only compile the armbian firmware with the kernel version 5.4.180.
sudo ./rebuild -d: Use the default configuration to pack all boxes.
sudo ./rebuild -d -b s905x3 -k 5.4.180: recommend. Use the default configuration, specify a kernel and a firmware for compilation.
sudo ./rebuild -d -b s905x3_s905d -k 5.15.25_5.4.180: Use the default configuration, specify multiple cores, and multiple firmware for compilation. use _ to connect.
sudo ./rebuild -d -b s905x3 -k 5.4.180 -s 2748: Use the default configuration, specify a kernel, a firmware, and set the partition size for compilation.
sudo ./rebuild -d -b s905x3 -v dev -k 5.7.19: Use the default configuration, specify the model, specify the version branch, and specify the kernel for packaging.
sudo ./rebuild -d -b s905x3_s905d: Use the default configuration, specify multiple firmware, use _ to connect. compile all kernels.
sudo ./rebuild -d -k 5.15.25_5.4.180: Use the default configuration. Specify multiple cores, use _ to connect.
sudo ./rebuild -d -k 5.15.25_5.4.180 -a true: Use the default configuration. Specify multiple cores, use _ to connect. Auto update to the latest kernel of the same series.
sudo ./rebuild -d -s 2748 -k 5.4.180: Use the default configuration and set the partition size to 2748m, and only compile the armbian firmware with the kernel version 5.4.180.
Local build instructions
Clone the repository to the local. git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/ophub/amlogic-s9xxx-armbian.git. Create the build/output/images folder, and upload the Armbian image ( Eg: Armbian_21.11.0-trunk_Lepotato_current_5.15.25.img ) to this ~/amlogic-s9xxx-armbian/build/output/images directory. Please keep the release version number (e.g. 21.11.0) and kernel version number (e.g. 5.15.25) in the name of the original Armbian image file, It will be used as the name of the armbian firmware after rebuilding. Enter the ~/amlogic-s9xxx-armbian root directory. And run Eg: sudo ./rebuild -d -b s905x3 -k 5.4.180 to build armbian for amlogic s9xxx. The generated Armbian image is in the build/output/images directory under the root directory.
Install the necessary packages (E.g Ubuntu 20.04 LTS user)
Clone the repository to the local. git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/ophub/amlogic-s9xxx-armbian.git
Create the build/output/images folder, and upload the Armbian image ( Eg: Armbian_21.11.0-trunk_Lepotato_current_5.15.25.img ) to this ~/amlogic-s9xxx-armbian/build/output/images directory. Please keep the release version number (e.g. 21.11.0) and kernel version number (e.g. 5.15.25) in the name of the original Armbian image file, It will be used as the name of the armbian firmware after rebuilding.
Enter the ~/amlogic-s9xxx-armbian root directory. And run Eg: sudo ./rebuild -d -b s905x3 -k 5.4.180 to build armbian for amlogic s9xxx. The generated Armbian image is in the build/output/images directory under the root directory.
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