cudd | CU Decision Diagram package - unofficial git mirror
kandi X-RAY | cudd Summary
kandi X-RAY | cudd Summary
The CUDD package is a package written in C for the manipulation of decision diagrams. It supports binary decision diagrams (BDDs), algebraic decision diagrams (ADDs), and Zero-Suppressed BDDs (ZDDs). This directory contains a set of packages that allow you to build a test application based on the CUDD package. The test application provided in this kit is called nanotrav and is a simple-minded FSM traversal program. (See the README file and the man page nanotrav.1 in the nanotrav directory for the details.) It is included so that you can run a sanity check on your installation. Also included in this distribution are the dddmp libray by Giampiero Cabodi and Stefano Quer and a C++ object-oriented wrapper for CUDD.
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QUESTION
@DCTLib, do you recall this discussion below? You suggested a recursive equation, which was the right approach.
Cudd_PrintMinterm, accessing the individual minterms in the sum of products
Now, I am considering multistate reliability, where we can have either not fail or fail to n-1 different states, with n >= 2. Tulip-dd implements MDDs as described in:
https://github.com/tulip-control/dd/blob/master/doc.md#multi-valued-decision-diagrams-mdd
https://github.com/tulip-control/dd/issues/71
https://github.com/tulip-control/dd/issues/66
In the diagrams in the drawings below, we have defined an MDD declared by:
aut.declare_variable(x=(0,3)) u = aut.add_expr(‘x=i’)
Each value/state of the multi-value variable (MSV) x, x=0, x=1, x=2, or x=3 leads to a specific BDD as shown in the diagrams at the bottom, taking a four-state variable x as example here. The notation is that state 0 represents the normal state and x can fail to different states 1, 2, and 3. The failure probabilities are assigned in table below. In the BDDs below, we (and tulip as well) use the binary coding with two bits x_1 and x_0 to represent each state/value of the MSV. The least significant bit (LSB), i.e., x_0, is always the ancestor. Each of the BDD diagrams below is a representation of a specific value, or state.
To quantify the BDD of a specific state, i.e., the top node, we must know probabilities of binary variables x_0 and x_1 taking different branches (then or else) in the BDD. These branch probabilities are not given directly but need to be calculated according to the BDD structure.
The key here is that the child node probabilities and the branch probabilities of the parent node must be known prior to the calculation of the parent node probability. In the previous BDD quantification, we knew the probabilities of branches from node x_1 to leaf nodes when calculating node x_1 probability. We did not need to know how node x_1 was connected to node x_0. Now, for this four-state variable x, we need to know how node x_1 is connected to node x_0, the binary variable representing the least significant bit, to determine the probabilities of branches from node x_1 to leaf nodes. The question is how to implement this?
...ANSWER
Answered 2021-Apr-05 at 12:58The key here is that the child node probabilities and the branch probabilities of the parent node must be known prior to the calculation of the parent node probability.
Yes, exactly. In this case, a fully recursive bottom-up computation, like normally done with BDDs, will not work for the reason that you wrote.
However, the approach will start to work again when you treat the variables that together form a state to be a block. So in your recursive function for the probability calculation, whenever you encounter a variable for a block, you treat the node and the successor nodes for the same state component as a block and only recurse when you encounter a node not belonging to the block.
Note that this approach requires that the variables for the state appear continuously in the variable ordering. For the CUDD library, you can constrain the automatic variable reordering to guarantee this.
The following code is a modification of yours implementing this idea:
QUESTION
I am looking to remove a variable from the manager in the CUDD library. This question was asked 8 years ago in this thread without a satisfying answer. Does somebody know now?
...ANSWER
Answered 2021-Mar-28 at 21:06Looking at the CUDD source code, it seems as if such a function does not exist.
Note that this is not surprising. There are few cases in which such a function would be needed. If all BDDs of a manager do not use a variable, then there is little to gain from removing a variable: variable reordering may be a tiny bit faster without the variable, and there is the unique node representing the variable itself takes up some memory. That's hardly worth it in many cases. If however a variable is currently used in a BDD, the meaning of removing a variable is not well-defined.
Also, removing variables is quite complicated -- it means that all BDD nodes have the be changed to keep the variable numbers continuous (which is an invariant needed for the permutation table). If a program using BDDs uses the variable numbers elsewhere, changing variable numbers is a source for bugs. In contrast, adding a new variable is easy as the new variable is simply attached at the end of the current variable list.
QUESTION
I am trying to create a pdfmake table that has the array keys as a column and the corresponding array values as the next column.
Below is the JSON of my firebase database:
...ANSWER
Answered 2021-Feb-25 at 14:28let rows = [
['Property', 'Beneficiary']
];
for (let i = 0; i < assets.length; i +=1) { // i suggest a for-loop since you need both arrays at a time
rows.push([assets[i], benef[i]]);
}
QUESTION
So, I have a scroll to top button that appears when you scroll down the page but at the moment it appears on the outer (body) scrollbar movement. I need it to appear when moving the inner (article #story) scrollbar. Here's the code and CodePen with demo. How would you write the function so that the button appears only when scrolling inner scrollbar?
...ANSWER
Answered 2021-Jan-14 at 11:18Try this code:
QUESTION
I am excited about the Inclusion of Shapes and Geometries into XAM Forms 4.7 even if it is Experimental. I have several svg files i want to use as starting points for Shapes.Path.Data statements in XAML.
In the ShapesDemo app I see The XAML and the SVG it was based on. Both are attached. How did those SVG Paths get distilled To those XAML path statements?
the demo is here: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/samples/xamarin/xamarin-forms-samples/userinterface-shapesdemos/
the image for consideration: Attached are the source SVG and the Related Xaml Path.Data transformations.
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/samples/xamarin/xamarin-forms-samples/userinterface-shapesdemos/
the Path.Data in that sample has the xaml:
...ANSWER
Answered 2020-Aug-28 at 10:39To do that you have to convert the SVG with a designer tool (E.g. Adobe Illustrator and/or other tools/plugins) to export the SVG as XAML geometries. One usefull tool could be https://github.com/ElinamLLC/SharpVectors
See also discussion found here: How do I convert an Illustrator file to a path for WPF
But what I would recommend is to render SVG images via SkiaSharp SKCanvasView. Write your own SvgImage class. Its will save you lots of App memory (no png and not bitmaps needed) and works nicely out of Xamarin.Forms for all plattforms like Android, iOS, UWP. See How to load file .svg with SkiaSharp on Xamarin forms?
QUESTION
This is a follow-up to a suggestion by @DCTLib in the post below.
Cudd_PrintMinterm, accessing the individual minterms in the sum of products
I've been pursuing part (b) of the suggestion and will share some pseudo-code in a separate post.
Meanwhile, in his part (b) suggestion, @DCTLib posted a link to https://github.com/VerifiableRobotics/slugs/blob/master/src/BFAbstractionLibrary/BFCudd.cpp. I've been trying to read this program. There is a recursive function in the classic Somenzi paper, Binary Decision Diagrams, which describes an algo to compute the number of satisfying assignments (below, Fig. 7). I've been trying to compare the two, slugs and Fig. 7. But having a hard time seeing any similarities. But then C is mostly inscrutable to me. Do you know if slugs BFCudd is based on Somenze fig 7, @DCTLib?
Thanks, Gui
...ANSWER
Answered 2020-Aug-26 at 15:05It's not exactly the same algorithm.
There are two main differences:
First, the "SatHowMany" function does not take a cube of variables to consider for counting. Rather, that function considers all variables. The fact that "recurse_getNofSatisfyingAssignments" supports cubes manifest in the function potentially returning NaN (not a number) if a variable is found in the BDD that does not appear in the cube. The rest of the differences seem to stem from this support.
Second, SatHowMany returns the number of satisfying assignments to all n variables for a node. This leads, for instance, to the division by 2 in line -4. "recurse_getNofSatisfyingAssignments" only returns the number of assignments for the remaining variables to be considered.
Both algorithms cache information - in "SatHowMany", it's called a table, in "recurse_getNofSatisfyingAssignments" it's called a buffer. Note that in line 24 of "recurse_getNofSatisfyingAssignments", there is a constant string thrown. This means that either the function does not work, or the code is never reached. Most likely it's the latter.
Function "SatHowMany" seems to assume that it gets a BDD node - it cannot be a pointer to a complemented BDD node. Function "recurse_getNofSatisfyingAssignments" works correctly with complemented nodes, as a DdNode* may store a pointer to a complemented node.
Due to the support for cubes, "recurse_getNofSatisfyingAssignments" supports flexible variable ordering (hence the lookup of "cuddI" which denotes for a variable where it is in the current BDD variable ordering). For function SatHowMany, the variable ordering does not make a difference.
QUESTION
This is probably a question for this forum's resident CUDD/BDD expert, @DCTLib, but if other have insights, welcome of course!
Consider a given minterm such as: 0--0---0--0---0----11 1 .
I need to take each minterm individually and replace "1" with P(x_i) (I'm working with probabilities of the variables), 0 with 1-P(x_i) and "-" with 1. Then I multiple the factors within a minterm, P(x_i)...(1-P(x_j)) and add them all up to obtain the probability of the top event.(A sum-product of probabilities corresponding to the minterms)
The reason I need to take them one by one is that I'm working with large files that blow-up the memory.Once I'm over 80-100 variables, you're in the TB OoM for the whole minterm textfile dump size. I wanted to take each minterm, add it to the running sum and delete it once added, if possible.
Hope this is clear, but if not, might take some iterations. Thanks,
...ANSWER
Answered 2020-Aug-09 at 15:07You have a couple of options here:
a) It seems like you already have a text file with output of Cudd_PrintMinterm on a BDD. Computing your sum of the values of the minterms is not actually a CUDD question. Just parse the lines one-by-one and compute the sum on the fly:
QUESTION
I'm trying to create a basic PHP function for a wordpress site that reads over a JSON response from an API and takes the data of each animal to be added to a custom post.
I'm having some trouble figuring out the correct way to parse the JSON & loop over the animals and their respective data.
I know its just my not understanding the JSON structure correctly and I'm not parsing it in the right way - so hoping that someone can direct me on the correct approach.
Here is my Function - the issue at the moment is the loop is not working and i'm not able to get the animals data to populate the fields.
...ANSWER
Answered 2020-Aug-01 at 07:19You are accessing the object Animals from the json so you should change it to:
foreach ($animals[0]->Animals as $animal) {
QUESTION
My task is to: "Write a program that reads and prints out all lines that start with a given letter. The file path and starting letter will be given as command-line arguments. You may assume that all command-line arguments will be valid"
e.g.
...ANSWER
Answered 2020-Jun-07 at 11:01There seems to be a few mistakes in your code - hard-coded file path, incorrect index of sys.argv and printing line with \n. Corrected code:
QUESTION
I've recently installed Ubuntu 19.04 on my machine (I'm fairly new at this OS), and I'm trying to install the pynusmv package for some University work.
However, by running the pip3 command to install it:
...ANSWER
Answered 2019-Nov-11 at 12:43In the end, it seemed the problem was with Python after all. Ubuntu 19.04 comes with python 3.7, and this library doesn't seem to agree with it.
I work in pycharm, so I solved by creating a virtual environment and installing python 3.6 in it. In that, pip3 installed pynusmv without issues.
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