spoof | Modify a message to have a desired CRC signature | Hashing library
kandi X-RAY | spoof Summary
kandi X-RAY | spoof Summary
Modify a message to have a desired CRC signature.
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QUESTION
I am trying to detect if a user is using an Apple device, this is because I am trying to integrate Apple pay on my software, and I don't want to show android users Apple pay option. They say using USER agent can be used but can also be spoofed, is there a more secure method.
I saw this answer
Detecting iOS / Android Operating system . I dont want just iOS device as iOS doesnt run on Macbook
AND
Detect Apple Device Model . But it is on Objective C
AND
Detect if user is using an iDevice . It did not answer the question.
...ANSWER
Answered 2022-Mar-21 at 11:27QUESTION
I have an application that reads incoming email received by a specific email address. The application then does business transactions based on the content of email.
Currently the application only does a String compare of "from address" (against a list of whitelisted addresses) to check if the request is coming from a valid source.
But, is this safe? Can an unauthorized person send a spoof email from an email-ID, without having the access to that email?
...ANSWER
Answered 2022-Mar-04 at 18:25No, this is not secure; the sender can easily be spoofed. The sender should authenticate their emails and as the recipient, you should verify that the email is authentic. If your incoming mail server adds (or can add when configured appropriately) an Authentication-Results
header field (and removes existing such header fields), it's probably the easiest approach to simply rely on this field instead of verifying anything yourself.
Ignoring the problem of transport security, an alternative approach may be to simply include a secret token in the message (body or some header field – or even in the local part of both mail addresses).
Note that both approaches require full trust in the mailbox provider of both the sender and the recipient. If this is not acceptable for your threat model, you should look at end-to-end security or abolish this idea altogether.
QUESTION
I have this block of python code to plot a city-scale satellite map.
...ANSWER
Answered 2022-Feb-20 at 06:13Found something that works: setting the projection to be "RotatedPole" with the pole being about 90 degrees away at an azimuth perpendicular to the river. More generally, pick a pole so that the map's "up" points toward the pole and the map's left/right runs along the pole's equator.
QUESTION
I have a route that redirects iPhones, but no great way to test it:
...ANSWER
Answered 2022-Feb-03 at 20:32- Is this a question about browser tasing? If So - Safari > Develop > Enter Responsive Design Mode > Dropdown
- Use an iPhone emulator.
Hopefully you are not accessing using any intermediaries who add headers.
QUESTION
REF: https://portswigger.net/daily-swig/ip-spoofing-bug-leaves-django-rest-applications-open-to-ddos-password-cracking-attacks Reported Date: Jan 11 2022
- Other than providing captcha, what security measure should be taken?
- Which version of Django and/or Python is affected by IP Spoofing?
ANSWER
Answered 2022-Jan-12 at 22:10I did some research into the link you shared, Django's source and Django REST Framework's source.
Bare-bones Django is not vulnerable to this, since it doesn't uses X-Forwarded-For
, and neither is Python.
Virtually all versions of Django REST Framework are vulnerable, since this commit 9 years ago added the HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR
check: https://github.com/encode/django-rest-framework/blob/d18d32669ac47178f26409f149160dc2c0c5359c/rest_framework/throttling.py#L155
For measures you can take to avoid this, since a patch is not yet available, you could implement your own ratelimitter, and replace get_ident
to only use REMOTE_ADDR
.
If your Djando REST Framework application is behind a proxy, you might not be vulnerable to this.
QUESTION
I have an application that is sending hand crafted SOCK_RAW
packets from a PF_PACKET
socket. The packets are being created and sent as the screenshot from Wireshark shows. The packets being sent are TCP SYN
packets with an expected TCP SYN/ACK
response. However, no response is being received, again as the screenshot shows. I assume that this is because the router is dropping the packets for some reason. Any ideas what the reason could be? Or is there some other reason why I am not receiving any responses.
The full code is quite long because it takes a lot of code to get the IP address and the MAC address of the router to build the ethernet header with. So I have only included the most relevant code. If that is not enough please leave a comment and I will post the full code.
...ANSWER
Answered 2022-Jan-09 at 15:39The ip4 checksum is only calculated over the ip header, if I get it correctly. So if you pass the total lenght of the whole packet to the checlsum calculation function, I would not be surprised, if you get a wrong checksum. I wonder though why it happend to work in the second program.
QUESTION
I want to remove Google apps and services on a new Fairphone 4 (Android 11, now rooted using Magisk. No TWRP build available yet.).
To this end, I am trying to use microG. In the Prerequisites for its usage, signature spoofing and deleting files in system/priv-app
are listed. For signature spoofing, I followed the XPosed solution for Android 11 and 12 listed here, i.e. using Magisk + riru + LSPosed + a FakeGApps fork. Not sure, whether or not this worked. All individual steps reported success, but the Signature Spoofing Checker says it didn't work.
Anyway, I'm definitely stuck at the second step, because I don't seem to be able to delete any files in system_ext/priv-app
. I tried the solutions proposed here and here.
If I try
ANSWER
Answered 2021-Dec-27 at 18:12I asked the question simultaneously on the XDA Forums, and got a reply there.
At the stage described above (unlocked bootloader, Magisk, signature spoofing with riru + LSPosed), all that's needed is to install NanoDroid with microG as a Magisk module. Download the current NanoDroid-microG zip from here:
https://downloads.nanolx.org/NanoDroid/Stable/
either on your phone directly or transfer it to your phone, then install it as a Magisk module from storage. Voilà, GApps are removed (or at least inaccessible) and microG works. Best to then update microG, e.g. via its F-Droid repo: https://microg.org/download.html.
QUESTION
When it comes to Webhook Security, I see the standard is using HMAC. Each party has an identical shared secret. The publisher encrypts his request body using the shared secret and puts the encrypted hash in the header of its webhook notification. The subscriber then encrypts the body with the shared secret and confirms that his hash matches the one provided from the publisher. From reading, I've learned that this is done so the subscriber is confident that the "body has not been tampered with".
My question is, how could the body be tampered with? Assuming we are all using HTTPS, wouldn't a hacker need to break SSL encryption to modify the body? Twilio uses the accounts Auth Token as a shared secret. But if a hacker is able to open up a request body and tamper with it, wouldn't they be able to grab the Auth Token as it's sent over for authorization? And then they can spoof the encryption with the secret they snagged.
So why go through the trouble of another layer of security instead of just having the subscriber use a callback URL that has the token in the URL path. The URL would be encrypted along with the body. I don't see how an attacker could abuse this approach.
Thank you!
...ANSWER
Answered 2021-Dec-15 at 07:36The purpose of shared secrets is both parties know the secret ahead of time, so it is not sent (otherwise it's no longer secret). Using your Twilio example, I checked the documentation and it doesn't say anything about additional headers other than the signature, and none of the parameters are a token either, so the auth token you mentioned is not included. Instead, both ends know the auth token, and they use it to generate/verify the signature.
If someone was to intercept and modify the message, they would need to know the secret to resign the message for it to be valid, and unless one side leaks the secret, the secret will remain unknown, and any modified data cannot be validly signed. If a token was passed around, the attacker only needs to intercept one sample, and then would be free to generate their own messages with the valid token. This is obviously less secure.
As for SSL, sources can be spoofed, and unless a client certificate is provided (which Twilio does not), there is no way to ascertain who sent the request, so SSL itself does not provide authentication.
QUESTION
Imagine there is a Firestore database that is used by both 1 - a static front-end client and 2 - a node.js server.
Essentially, only a domain
and an ip address
are allowed to use that database, which works pretty well.
- we want to have the node.js server read/write on the entire database
- but the web-client should only be allowed to to read/write on the same database if a user is authenticated.
The issue is that with rules
it is not possible to whitelist our ip address
.
So we tried using this:
...ANSWER
Answered 2021-Dec-07 at 11:11May be I can explain this in two parts,
First, there is no need for someone to spoof some header and pretend to be your domain. The reason is if someone can login as an anonymous from your domain directly they can access all the information which you have allowed them to access
Second, and the most important one is, I think you have got the NodeJS server side access of firebase wrong. If you want to access the whole database from the node service use Firebase admin SDK and you don't have to do any kind of authentication to read to write when you connect from firebase admin SDK since you have admin access.
FYI Also you can whitelist your auth ip from the Authentication settings where you can allow whitelisted domains
QUESTION
I have a docker-compose file:
...ANSWER
Answered 2021-Dec-01 at 19:11I was even unable to open ports on my server, so I reinstalled it. Everything works as it should since then.
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