word2vec-google | word2vec wordembedding embedding google | Topic Modeling library
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word2vec wordembedding embedding google
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QUESTION
I'm using a pre-trained word2vec model (word2vec-google-news-300) to get the embeddings for a given list of words. Please note that this is NOT a list of words that we get after tokenizing a sentence, it is just a list of words that describe a given image.
Now I'd like to get a single vector representation for the entire list. Does adding all the individual word embeddings make sense? Or should I consider averaging? Also, I would like the vector to be of a constant size so concatenating the embeddings is not an option.
It would be really helpful if someone can explain the intuition behind considering either one of the above approaches.
...ANSWER
Answered 2021-Jun-01 at 17:03Averaging is most typical, when someone is looking for a super-simple way to turn a bag-of-words into a single fixed-length vector.
You could try a simple sum, as well.
But note that the key difference between the sum and average is that the average divides by the number of input vectors. Thus they both result in a vector that's pointing in the exact same 'direction', just of different magnitude. And, the most-often-used way of comparing such vectors, cosine-similarity, is oblivious to magnitudes. So for a lot of cosine-similarity-based ways of later comparing the vectors, sum-vs-average will give identical results.
On the other hand, if you're comparing the vectors in other ways, like via euclidean-distances, or feeding them into other classifiers, sum-vs-average could make a difference.
Similarly, some might try unit-length-normalizing all vectors before use in any comparisons. After such a pre-use normalization, then:
- euclidean-distance (smallest to largest) & cosine-similarity (largest-to-smallest) will generate identical lists of nearest-neighbors
- average-vs-sum will result in different ending directions - as the unit-normalization will have upped some vectors' magnitudes, and lowered others, changing their relative contributions to the average.
What should you do? There's no universally right answer - depending on your dataset & goals, & the ways your downstream steps use the vectors, different choices might offer slight advantages in whatever final quality/desirability evaluation you perform. So it's common to try a few different permutations, along with varying other parameters.
Separately:
- The
GoogleNews
vectors were trained on news articles back around 2013; their word senses thus may not be optimal for an image-labeling task. If you have enough of your own data, or can collect it, training your own word-vectors might result in better results. (Both the use of domain-specific data, & the ability to tune training parameters based on your own evaluations, could offer benefits - especially when your domain is unique, or the tokens aren't typical natural-language sentences.) - There are other ways to create a single summary vector for a run-of-tokens, not just arithmatical-combo-of-word-vectors. One that's a small variation on the word2vec algorithm often goes by the name
Doc2Vec
(or 'Paragraph Vector') - it may also be worth exploring. - There are also ways to compare bags-of-tokens, leveraging word-vectors, that don't collapse the bag-of-tokens to a single fixed-length vector 1st - and while they're more expensive to calculate, sometimes offer better pairwise similarity/distance results than simple cosine-similarity. One such alternate comparison is called "Word Mover's Distance" - at some point,, you may want to try that as well.
QUESTION
Purpose: We are exploring the use of word2vec models in clustering our data. We are looking for the ideal model to fit our needs and have been playing with using (1) existing models offered via Spacy and Gensim (trained on internet data only), (2) creating our own custom models with Gensim (trained on our technical data only) and (3) now looking into creating hybrid models that add our technical data to existing models (trained on internet + our data).
Here is how we created our hybrid model of adding our data to an existing Gensim model:
...ANSWER
Answered 2021-Jan-19 at 19:18No: your code won't work for your intents.
When you execute the line...
QUESTION
I need to add and subtract word vectors, for a project in which I use gensim.models.KeyedVectors (from the word2vec-google-news-300
model)
Unfortunately, I've tried but can't manage to do it correctly.
Let's look at the poular example queen ~= king - man + woman.
When I want to subtract man from king and add woman,
I can do this with gensim by
ANSWER
Answered 2021-Jan-08 at 19:07You're generally doing the right thing, but note:
the
most_similar()
method also disqualifies from its results any of the named words provided - so even if'king'
is (still) the closest word to the result, it will be ignored. Your formulation might very well have'queen'
as the next-closest word, after ignoring the input words - which is all that the 'analogy' tests need.the
most_similar()
method also does its vector-arithmetic on versions of the vectors that are normalized to unit length, which can result in slightly different answers. If you change your uses ofmodel.wv['king']
tomodel.get_vector('king', norm=True)
, you'll get the unit-normed vectors instead.
See also similar earlier answer: https://stackoverflow.com/a/65065084/130288
QUESTION
I cannot get the .most_similar() function to work. I have tried both Gensim 3.8.3 version and now am on the beta version 4.0 . I am working right off of the Word2Vec Model tutorial on each documentation version.
The code giving me error and restarting my kernel:
...ANSWER
Answered 2020-Dec-17 at 06:38If the Jupyter kernel is dying without a clear error message, you are likely running out of memory.
There may be more information logged to the console where you started the Jupyter server. If you expand you question to include any info there, as well as details about the model you've loaded (size on disk) and system you're running on (especially, RAM available), it may be possible to make other suggestions.
Also:
Whereas gensim-3.8.3
requires a big new increment of RAM when the first .most_similar()
call is made, the gensim-4.0.0beta
pre-release only needs a much-smaller increment at that time - so it is far more likely that if a model succeeds in loading, you should also be able to get .most_similar()
results. So it would also be useful to know:
- How did you install the
gensim-4.0.0beta
, and did you confirm that's the version actually used by your notebook kernel's environment? - Are you certain that the prior steps (such as loading) have succeeded, and that it's only & exactly the
most_similar()
that's triggering the failure? (Is it in a separate cell, and before attempting themost_similar()
can you query other aspects of the model, such as its length or whether it contains certain words, successfully?)
QUESTION
The goal I want to achieve is to find a good word_and_phrase embedding model that can do: (1) For the words and phrases that I am interested in, they have embeddings. (2) I can use embeddings to compare similarity between two things(could be word or phrase)
So far I have tried two paths:
1: Some Gensim-loaded pre-trained models, for instance:
...ANSWER
Answered 2020-Sep-14 at 21:40The problem with the first path is that you are loading fastText embeddings like word2vec embeddings and word2vec can't cope with Out Of Vocabulary words.
The good thing is that fastText can manage OOV words.
You can use Facebook original implementation (pip install fasttext
) or Gensim implementation.
For example, using Facebook implementation, you can do:
QUESTION
Is there a memory efficient way to apply large (>4GB) models to Spark Dataframes without running into memory issues?
We recently ported a custom pipeline framework over to Spark (using python and pyspark) and ran into problems when applying large models like Word2Vec and Autoencoders to tokenized text inputs. First I very naively converted the transformation calls to udf
s (both pandas and spark "native" ones), which was fine, as long as the models/utilities used were small enough to either be broadcasted, or instantiated repeatedly:
ANSWER
Answered 2020-Jul-01 at 14:52This much vary on various factors (models, cluster resourcing, pipeline) but trying to answers to your main question :
1). Spark pipeline might solve your problem if they fits your needs in terms of the Tokenizers, Words2Vec, etc. However those are not so powerful as the one already available of the shelf and loaded with api.load
. You might also want to take a look to Deeplearning4J which brings those to Java/Apache Spark and see how it can do the same things: tokenize, word2vec,etc
2). Following the current approach I would see loading the model in a foreachParition
or mapPartition
and ensure the model can fit into memory per partition. You can shrink down the partition size to a more affordable number based on the cluster resources to avoid memory problems (it's the same when for example instead of creating a db connection for each row you have one per partition).
Typically Spark udfs are good when you apply a kind o business logic that is spark friendly and not mixin 3rd external parties.
QUESTION
Some similar questions have been asked regarding this topic, but I am not really satisfied with the replies so far; please excuse me for that first.
I'm using the function Word2Vec
from the python library gensim
.
My problem is that I can't run my model on every word of my corpus as long as I set the parameter min_count
greater than one. Some would say it's logic cause I choose to ignore the words appearing only once. But the function is behaving weird cause it gives an error saying word 'blabla' is not in the vocabulary, whereas this is exactly what I want ( I want this word to be out of the vocabulary).
I can imagine this is not very clear, then find below a reproducible example:
...ANSWER
Answered 2020-Mar-19 at 00:10It is supposed to throw an error if you ask for a word that's not present because you chose not to learn vectors for rare words, like 'country'
in your example. (And: such words with few examples usually don't get good vectors, and retaining them can worsen the vectors for remaining words, so a min_count
as large as you can manage, and perhaps much larger than 1
, is usually a good idea.)
The fix is to do one of the following:
- Don't ask for words that aren't present. Check first, via something like Python's
in
operator. For example:
QUESTION
I wonder that how can I save a self-trained word2vec to txt file with the format like 'word2vec-google-news' or 'glove.6b.50d' which has the tokens followed by matched vectors.
I export my self-trained vectors to txt file which only has vectors but no tokens in the front of those vectors.
My code for training my own word2vec:
...ANSWER
Answered 2019-Oct-28 at 17:21You may want to look at the implementation of _save_word2vec_format()
in gensim
for an example of Python code which writes that format:
QUESTION
I want to build a web service with flask where multiple deep learning models will be applied to certain types of data to give back a result. Currently, I want to load them locally on main() once at start, pass them to init to just initialize them once when the execution of the script starts and then call it every time it is needed to perform a forward pass to return something. So far that's what I ve done with the rest but I don't know how to handle a pure tensorflow model initialization. The below code works fine. Any Suggestions, alterations are appreciated:
...ANSWER
Answered 2018-Nov-07 at 16:36Are you trying to load a pretrained model and run an inference? By initializing are you referring to loading a model or initializing new weights for each instance this is executed?
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