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QUESTION
I am trying to save gas by optimize code. In a flash, however, I was wondered what is the best practice of copying from array to array in Solidity.
I present two option. One is copying by pointer (I guess) and the other is using for-loop.
TestOne.sol
...ANSWER
Answered 2022-Apr-10 at 21:23The best practice is copy array from memory to storage without looping over their items. However contract optimization in this example is tricky. The official documentation says as follow:
If you want the initial contract deployment to be cheaper and the later function executions to be more expensive, set it to
--optimize-runs=1
. If you expect many transactions and do not care for higher deployment cost and output size, set--optimize-runs
to a high number.
To illustrate above, consider following contracts:
QUESTION
While trying to set up a basic self-hosted unit testing environment (and CI) that tests this Chainlink VRF random number contract, I am experiencing slight difficulties in how to simulate any relevant blockchains/testnets locally.
For example, I found this repository that tests Chainlinks VRF. However, for default deployment it suggests/requires a free KOVAN_RPC_URL
e.g. from Infura's site and even for "local deployment" it suggests/requires a free MAINNET_RPC_URL
from e.g. Alchemy's site.
I adopted a unit test environment from the waffle framework which is described as:
Filestructure ...ANSWER
Answered 2021-Sep-09 at 04:35to test locally you need to make use of mocks which can simulate having an oracle network. Because you're working locally, a Chainlink node doesn't know about your local blockchain, so you can't actually do proper VRF requests. Note you can try deploy a local Chainlink node and a local blockchain and have them talk, but it isn't fully supported yet so you may get mixed results. Anyway, as per the hardhat starter kit that you linked, you can set the defaultNetwork to be 'hardhat' in the hardhat.config.js file, then when you deploy and run the integration tests (yarn test-integration), it will use mocks to mock up the VRF node, and to test the requesting of a random number. See the test here, and the mock contracts and linktoken get deployed here
QUESTION
Hey guys I am trying to deploy my project on the rinkeby chain using infura, but I am getting a ValueError Here is my trackback:
...ANSWER
Answered 2021-Nov-28 at 10:14it appears your env variables are not set correctly, and it looks like in this case it's your WEB3_INFURA_PROJECT_ID.
You can fix it by setting the variable in your .env file and adding dotenv: .env to your brownie-config.yaml.
brownie-config.yaml:
dotenv: .env .env:
export WEB3_INFURA_PROJECT_ID=YOUR_PROJECT_ID_HERE Remember to save these files.
Additionally, you should be on at least brownie version v1.14.6. You can find out what version you're on with:
brownie --version
QUESTION
I'm making an app where I plot charts of cryptocurrency. I have a file like this, that renders a chart of btc
/24h
in it. I'm using chart_sparkline
package to plot the chart.
I have the following code, and it is not working on a button click, how do I fix this?
...ANSWER
Answered 2022-Mar-01 at 10:15I fixed this, I was passing constructor parameters of Portfolio
to _PortfolioState
, this won't update the values the next time. Instead of passing these values to _PortfolioState
, I used widget.coin
and widget.days
to extract the data from the Portfolio
class.
Thanks to this StackOverflow link: Passing Data to a Stateful Widget in Flutter
QUESTION
Am starting off in blockchain development using the book Mastering Blockchain - A deep dive into distributed ledgers, consensus protocols, smart contracts, DApps, cryptocurrencies, Ethereum,
Am using WSL with geth version 1.10.9.
...ANSWER
Answered 2021-Oct-11 at 23:20It appears 1.10.9-stable version has a problem and is returning a -rpc error. GETH 1.10.8-stable version works fine when running the geth command with --rpc
QUESTION
Issue description: Brownie tests containing either
...ANSWER
Answered 2022-Feb-19 at 19:52This is fixed in Brownie v1.18.1. However, you will need to install Python 3.9.10 in order to get the latest brownie. For this to work in a virtual environment you can't use venv. Here is a process that works for me:
- install virtualenv on your standard Python version
- download python 3.9.10 and install it without "add to path" into a dedicated directory e.g. $home/pythonversions
- in your project directory create a virtual environment like so
python -m virtualenv -p=""
start your virtual environment e.g. home>..venv\Scripts\activate.ps1
test if your python version is the desired one with python --version
Now install Cython to avoid another error.
Install nodeenv in order to install ganage
Activate with
nodeenv -p
(for this step you will need PowerShell with admin rights)Install ganache with npm
Install eth-brownie with pip check if you got the latest version with
brownie --version
QUESTION
I am new to Ethereum & solidity, I have contributed to a couple of solidity tutorials. I am confused about the different solidity versions in each course, 0.4 and 0.5, whereas the current version is 0.8. The question is should I search to find the course that works with the latest solidity version 0.8? And is Solidity 0.4 or 0.5 outdated? I can see something about the solidity version modifier, is that practical? Please help. Thanks
...ANSWER
Answered 2022-Jan-31 at 10:04There is no simple answer to this question, but I will give it a try.
It would be of course best if you can find a course that is using the version 0.8 of Solidity. That way, you can learn all the latest Solidity features that were introduced in the past couple of years. However, fact that the course us using version 0.8 should not be the only criteria. For example, it is also important that the course has good approach in teaching you the concepts of smart contracts and how is that realized on the Ethereum platform. I personally have learned Ethereum platform and Solidity using a course which uses outdated Solidity version. But the course itself was good, and has given me a good foundation. It was easy for me to then pick up the differences that were introduced in the later versions. However, note that I am an software engineer with over 10 years of experience, so that helps a lot.
With all that said, my suggestion would be the following. If you are an experienced developer, just go with any course that has good reviews, you can figure out the differences between the version without much issues. If you are however new to the world of software development, try finding a course that uses some more recent version, as you might struggle with some of the differences.
QUESTION
I tried all that you mentioned in the discussion here (in other questions) and at https://github.com/smartcontractkit/full-blockchain-solidity-course-py/discussions/522 , however it is not solving the issue for me, I also noticed that the current compiler version remains (current compiler is 0.6.12+commit.27d51765.Windows.msvc). But when I right click and select Solidty:Compiler information, it shows 0.8.0.
from output:
...ANSWER
Answered 2022-Jan-02 at 03:09i had the same issue. i had this compiler setting:
QUESTION
I am working on a blockcahin based image sharing website in ethereum
...ANSWER
Answered 2022-Jan-10 at 15:28You cannot delete an image from IPFS the way you interact with the database. (giving the IPNS of the content and user sends an http request to delete it).
When you upload your content, you pin it to a node. Now the thing is the node that your content is pinned should be unpinned. So if you have a control over that node, If you started your own node, you unpin it and then ipfs will garbage collect it.
https://docs.ipfs.io/concepts/persistence/#garbage-collection
But if an image has been added and copied to another node, any person with the fingerprint can find it again. So whoever controls that node should unpin it.
QUESTION
What I am trying to achieve is calling a transferFrom
from ERC20 contract inside an ERC721 contract like this:
My ERC20 contract:
...ANSWER
Answered 2022-Jan-11 at 14:03In order to interact with an ERC20 token, you have to create an instance of it from the desired contract. You would need to import ERC20 to your nfts contracts, and then create an ERC20 token instance pointing to your token. It would be something like this:
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