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After read Inside the C++ Object Model, I try to call member function from vptr.

I found the following situation by accident

gcc version 9.2.0 (tdm64-1)

what is the correct way to write a meaningful test for extending a class with the super keyword?

I thought that typeid was supposed to reveal the most derived type of it's parameter. But when I use it in a constructor like the below, it seems unaware of what the real type of the pointer is.

When I pass it off to another class, it also seems to not know what the type is.

Is this because the this pointer doesn't know what the real type is? Is there a way around this to determine the real derived type of the this pointer?

In this below code, is there a way for Thing to determine the derived type of the pointer passed to it?

I'm struggling to provide a delegate configuration action to a collection whose type is of an abstract base class.

The derived classes are registered within the collection, and at run time, the correct base class is selected, initialized, and what I am hoping is that I can pass an action to configure the instance outside of the common parameter passed in from the CreateInstance call.

The below example is pretty close to what I am trying to achieve. The wheels fall off the bus in the RegisterDefinition method where I'm trying to assign the Action to the FooDefinition object. I've tried various approaches, including using an interface instead and or in conjunction with the abstract class, and a Func but falling short of getting it wired correctly.

For context, the Bar class represents a processor of sorts, that will receive something coming into it, and pass it on to the corresponding FooBase class. The derived classes will know what to do with that specific something but might share a resource (like a blocking queue). FooOnemight share a blocking queue with FooTwo, but not FooThree- thus the need to configure them when they are registered.

I have the following sketch

When I mock an abstract or a concrete class with a getter/setter pair and then access the property, the corresponding getter/setter never gets called. However, this works fine if the Mock is created for an interface. In the below code, there are 3 sets of two tests each (one testing getter and the other setter) and they are identical except for what they are mocking. The first set works fine because they are testing on the interface, but the next two sets don't:

I'm using Swig 1.4.1 to wrap some C++ code for a C# project.
Consider the following code which is in one file Foo.h.

Consider the following class definition.

Why code contracts can be added and removed for postconditions and object invariants, but not for preconditions in C#?

In the CLR via C# book I met the following excerpt:

And since a contract cannot be made stricter with new versions (without breaking compatibility), you should carefully consider preconditions when introducing a new virtual, abstract, or interface member. For postconditions and object invariants, contracts can be added and removed at will as the conditions expressed in the virtual/abstract/interface member and the conditions expressed in the overriding member are just logically AND-ed together.

That is very confusing for me that postconditions and object invariants, contracts can be added and removed at will. I would expect a suggestion that the postconditions and object invariants can become only stricter as well as the preconditions. Why am I expecting this? Because I can come up with an example where the suggestion proves wrong. E.g.

At first we had a postcondition and everything worked just fine: