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QUESTION
Hash Functions are incredibly useful and versatile. In general, they are used to map a space to one much smaller space. Of course that means that two objects may hash to the same value (collision), but this is because you are reducing the space (pigeonhole principle). The efficiency of the function largely depends on the size of the hash space.
It comes as a surprise then that a lot of Java hashCode functions are using multiplication to produce the hash code of a new object as e.g. follows (creating-a-hashcode-method-java)
...ANSWER
Answered 2021-Jun-04 at 11:47The answer to this is a mixture of different factors:
- On modern architecture, the time taken to perform a multiplication versus a shift may not end up being measurable overall within a given pipeline of instructions-- it has more to do with the availability of the relevant execution unit on the CPU than the "raw" time taken;
- In practice when integrating with standard collections libraries in day-to-day programming, it's often more important that a hash function is correct, "good enough" and easy to automate in an IDE than for it to be as perfect as possible;
- The collections libraries generally add secondary hash functions and potentially other techniques behind the scenes to overcome some of the weaknesses of what would otherwise be a poor hash function;
- With resizable collections, an effective hash function has the goal of dispersing its hashes across the available range for arbitrary sizes of hash tables (though as I say, it will get help from the built-in secondary function): multiplying by a "magic" constant is often a cheap way to achieve this (or, even if multiplication turned out to be a bit more expensive than a shift: still cheap enough, given the benefit); addition rather than XOR may help to allow this 'avalanche' effect slightly. (In most practical cases, you will probably find that they work equally well.)
- You can generally assume that the JIT compiler "knows" about equivalents such as shifting 5 places and subtracting 1 rather than multiplying by 31. Just because you write "*31" in the source code doesn't mean that it will literally be compiled to a multiplication instruction. (In practice, it might be, though, because despite what you think, the multiply instruction may well be "faster" on average on the architecture in question... It's usually better to make your code stick to the required logic and let the JIT compiler handle the low level optimisations in a case such as this.)
QUESTION
RSACryptoServiceProvider.Encrypt has an f0AEP parameter that can be set to "true to perform direct RSA encryption using OAEP padding (only available on a computer running Windows XP or later)".
The thing is... with OAEP you have parameters like the Hash, MGF Hash and the label. How do you set those with RSACryptoServiceProvider? And when not set what do they default to? Even if they can't be set they should still default to something I assume?
RSA.Decrypt(Byte[], RSAEncryptionPadding) seems a lot more versatile and like it ought to be the preferred method but I'm just trying to understand RSACryptoServiceProvider more as I inherited some legacy code that uses it.
...ANSWER
Answered 2021-Jun-01 at 17:24RSACryptoServiceProvider
applies the default values (from RFC8017), i.e. SHA1 for both digests and an empty label. The .NET documentation does not describe this in detail. A hint regarding SHA1 can be found in the remarks about the overload Encrypt(Byte[], RSAEncryptionPadding)
. Ultimately, it has to be tested because of the sparse documentation.
For other digests other implementations must be used, e.g. RSACng
. Even here both digests can only be selected identically. The label cannot be set (which, however, is usually not done either).
The C# implementation of RSA/OAEP by BouncyCastle allows to set the digests independently. Likewise, the label can be set (referred to as encodingParams
). Here is an example for C#/BouncyCastle.
QUESTION
Is it possible to determine the type of a class field based on the value assigned to it within the function of the class itself?
I am writing a wrapper for the ozo library which is based on the boost.Asio library in order to use it with c ++ 20 coroutines. Such a strange need arose in the inability to set the type of the conn field, which must be returned.
The type I need is deduced when the operator () is called on the object ozo :: request_op reqOp;
.A callback is passed to operator (), where the second argument is a variable of the type I need. The type defined for the second argument of the callback must be defined for the class field Awaiter conn.
In this case, I determined the conn type ConnectionPtr, but this is wrong, because it is suitable only for one specific case. I need to make this functor more versatile. There is also an option how to pass conn from await_suspend to await_resume, but as far as I know, this can only be done through the awaiter class.
...ANSWER
Answered 2021-May-28 at 03:38In general, you can’t do this because the type of the parameter conn
is determined elsewhere, by code that might in some cases be declared after this class is defined. If the function accepting the callback returns something whose type is based on the type the callback returns, you can write something like decltype(reqOp.reqOp(…,[](auto x) {return x;}))
, but otherwise the information about what type was passed is lost. (There are stateful metaprogramming tricks that might be used to exfiltrate the information with a similar trick, but they’re best avoided.)
QUESTION
...Real-world usage
typeof is very useful, but it's not as versatile as might be required. For example,
typeof([])
, is'object'
, as well astypeof(new Date())
,typeof(/abc/)
, etc.For greater specificity in checking types, a
typeof
wrapper for usage in production-level code would be as follows (providedobj
exists):
ANSWER
Answered 2021-May-27 at 06:18Whenever we call toString
on an object it returns "[object type]"
, where type
is the object type. So the goal of the type(obj, showFullClass)
is to extract the type
from 'toString' output string.
1.What is the 'showFullClass' argument in the function declaration?
showFullClass is a boolean type. So if pass true in it , It will just return the output of toString
without any processing.
E.g.
type(new Date(),true)
will return [object Date]
- What
var deepType = Object.prototype.toString.call(obj).slice(8,-1).toLowerCase();
do?
It extracts the type
substring of "[object type]"
string and then convert it into lowercase. Which starts at 8th index of the string till the second last index of string. -1 means string extraction should end just before the last index(-1) of string.
E.g. If obj
is date object deepType
value will be 'date'
- What
return deepType.match(/^(array|bigint|date|error|function|generator|regexp|symbol)$/) ? deepType :(typeof obj === 'object' || typeof obj === 'function') ? 'object' : typeof obj;
do?
It checks if deepType
matches to either "array" or "bigint" or "date" or "error" or "function" or "generator" or "regexp" or "symbol" then it returns deepType
.
Otherwise if typeof obj
is 'object'
or 'function'
return 'object'
.
Otherwise for primitive types like string,number,etc return its type.
QUESTION
I am very new to this but i used build root to built kernel for arm-versatilepb then i am using qemu to run it with the following command: qemu-system-arm -M versatilepb -m 256 -kernel zImage -dtb versatile-pb.dtb -drive file=rootfs.ext2,if=scsi,format=raw -append "root=/dev/sda console=ttyAMA0,115200" -serial stdio -net nic,model=rtl8139 -net user
when i run the image from qemu and do the ifconfig :#ifconfig
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 52:54:00:12:34:56
inet addr:10.0.2.15 Bcast:10.0.2.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
so the problem is i can ping any site i try from my qemu machine but when i try to ping the qemu machine(with ip :10.0.2.15) from my host machine it is not responding thanks in advance
...ANSWER
Answered 2021-Apr-19 at 14:39The answer to your question is the same as the answer to this one: How to connect KVM guest vm from mac hosts by ssh?
You're using user-mode networking, which doesn't allow the outside world to connect in to the guest, except if you set up specific port forwarding on your QEMU command line.
QUESTION
I would like to connect div
elements via connectors on their right/left sides. These connectors are nothing else than a div
with class="entry-connector"
or class="exit-connector"
, enclosing an tag. I placed the
tag to be able to click on the element, since a
div
by itself is not clickable and hence, I thought it might not be able to incorporate it into a jQuery event handling such as: $(".exit-connector").click(function(e){...}
.
On the container, there may be several elements and the user can decide which two to connect (see below image for an example with 4 such elements). My idea was to first implement a blinking functionality for the connector the user clicked on, signalling that the connector is active and is waiting for a matching end-connection to be selected. And secondly, implement the actual connection between the two selected connectors: start and end.
For the first part, I set up a CSS animation that switches opacity between 0.5 and 1.0 in every second, and created a jQuery onclick listener like so:
...ANSWER
Answered 2021-Apr-15 at 06:39Firstly your indi-box
are dynamically created so you need to bind it with some static elements so change that i.e : $(".container").on("click", ".indi-box", function(e) {..})
.
Next , there are two of divs i.e : entry and exit . Now , user should select entry div first so you can check if the div which is clicked is entry or not and if there are any other entry div which is already selected depending on this add your class to entry div else show some messages(alert).
Lastly , user can click exit div first as well so you can check if there is any entry div selected or not so depending on this show some messages(alert) else just use the id
of entry and exit div and pass that inside new LeaderLine(here..)
to make connections between them.
Demo Code :
QUESTION
I make a function that accepts a dataframe as input:
...ANSWER
Answered 2021-Apr-09 at 20:21You can do this concisely with np.split()
and df.explode()
:
QUESTION
I am working on a pure JavaScript infinite scroll.
I have a 4 list of posts. I am trying to load more posts (clones of the "original" ones) when I reach the bottom of the container.
...ANSWER
Answered 2021-Apr-08 at 18:50Ok, maybe it will help someone:
QUESTION
I am developing libraries with tons of static strings inside. To optimize the runtime a bit, this shall be changed from null-terminated strings (classic C-style char arrays) to pre-known-length structures, like std::string
or std::string_view
or custom pointer+length-pairs. std::string
is well known and versatile but has the disadvantage of heavy footprint (at least 32bit on x64) plus VM overhead (heap and runtime cost) if the Small-String-Optimization is not applicable, which hits most of my data. string_view
sounds like the best candidate, as long as I can be sure that data is null-terminated (despite of no such guarantee from string_view
itself, the risk can be mitigated by conventions).
The questions which still matters much: do modern compilers pre-initialize string_view
without using internal strlen
, i.e. with constant complexity and not O^(n)? If they do, is the null-terminator preserved?
I could, of course, add some macro to initialize the string_views
but that would be cumbersome. Something like:
ANSWER
Answered 2021-Apr-08 at 12:11Unfortunately, std::string_view
doesn't have constructor taking const char (&) [N]
but only (related to const char*
) const char*
or const char*, std::size_t size
.
The former has to compute length, the later is given.
Instead of a MACRO, you might have function
QUESTION
This is my first time working with Files.walk in Java, and I rather like it, especially the Path class. It's robust and versatile.
What I'm not liking, however, is that when walking a folder, if the iterator runs into a snag ... like it hits a folder that the user does not have permission to see or whatever error it might encounter, after it throws the exception, it doesn't continue nor does it yield a list of paths to work with.
Here is an example of how I'm using the method:
...ANSWER
Answered 2021-Apr-08 at 02:38You can use Files#walkFileTree()
method and implement your own visitor object which will ignore exceptions:
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