Regression | Multiple Regression Package for PHP | Machine Learning library
kandi X-RAY | Regression Summary
kandi X-RAY | Regression Summary
This is a library for regression analysis of data. That is, it attempts to find the line of best fit to describe a relationship within the data. It takes in a series of training observations, each consisting of features and an outcome, and finds how much each feature contributes to the outcome.
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Top functions reviewed by kandi - BETA
- Return the standard error costients .
- Calculates the gradient for each entry
- Run the regression and return the regression distribution .
- Create a new instance from an array .
- Updates the weights for the given gradient .
- Checks if gradient has been reached .
- Calculate the gradient based on the given coefficients .
- Update the coefficients .
- Make a prediction on a set of features .
- Adds criteria .
Regression Key Features
Regression Examples and Code Snippets
from tpot import TPOTRegressor
from sklearn.datasets import load_boston
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
housing = load_boston()
X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(housing.data, housing.target,
def isotonic_regression(inputs, decreasing=True, axis=-1):
r"""Solves isotonic regression problems along the given axis.
For each vector x, the problem solved is
$$\argmin_{y_1 >= y_2 >= ... >= y_n} \sum_i (x_i - y_i)^2.$$
As the
def regression_signature_def(examples, predictions):
"""Creates regression signature from given examples and predictions.
This function produces signatures intended for use with the TensorFlow Serving
Regress API (tensorflow_serving/apis/predi
def run_linear_regression(data_x, data_y):
"""Implement Linear regression over the dataset
:param data_x : contains our dataset
:param data_y : contains the output (result vector)
:return : feature for line of best fit (Featu
Community Discussions
Trending Discussions on Regression
QUESTION
I am trying to plot two different regression lines (with the formula: salary = beta0 + beta1D3 + beta2spending + beta3*(spending*D3) + w) into one scatter plot by deviding the data I have into two subsets as seen in the following code:
...ANSWER
Answered 2022-Mar-19 at 14:50My problem is that the intercept for my second regression is wrong, in fact I do not even get an intercept when looking at the summary, unlike with the first regression.
That is because your second model specifies no intercept, since you use ... ~ 0 + ...
Also, your first model doesn't make sense because it includes spending
twice. The second entry for spending
will be ignored by lm
QUESTION
The figure below is a conceptual diagram used by Michael Clark, https://m-clark.github.io/docs/lord/index.html to explain Lord's Paradox and related phenomena in regression.
My question is framed in this context and using ggplot2
but it is broader in terms of geometry & graphing.
I would like to reproduce figures like this, but using actual data. I need to know:
- how to draw a new axis at the origin, with a -45 degree angle, corresponding to values of
y-x
- how to draw little normal distributions or density diagrams, or other representations of the values
y-x
projected onto this axis.
My minimal base example uses ggplot2
,
ANSWER
Answered 2022-Feb-06 at 17:04Fun question! I haven't encountered it yet, but there might be a package to help do this automatically. Here's a manual approach using two hacks:
- the
clip = "off"
parameter of thecoord_*
functions, to allow us to add annotations outside the plot area. - building a density plot, extracting its coordinates, and then rotating and translating those.
First, we can make a density plot of the change from initial to final, seeing a left skewed distribution:
QUESTION
I am running into the following error when I try to run Automated ML through the studio on a GPU compute cluster:
Error: AzureMLCompute job failed. JobConfigurationMaxSizeExceeded: The specified job configuration exceeds the max allowed size of 32768 characters. Please reduce the size of the job's command line arguments and environment settings
The attempted run is on a registered tabulated dataset in filestore and is a simple regression case. Strangely, it works just fine with the CPU compute instance I use for my other pipelines. I have been able to run it a few times using that and wanted to upgrade to a cluster only to be hit by this error. I found online that it could be a case of having the following setting: AZUREML_COMPUTE_USE_COMMON_RUNTIME:false; but I am not sure where to put this in when just running from the web studio.
...ANSWER
Answered 2021-Dec-13 at 17:58This is a known bug. I am following up with product group to see if there any update for this bug. For the workaround you mentioned, it need you to go to the node failing with the JobConfigurationMaxSizeExceeded exception and manually set AZUREML_COMPUTE_USE_COMMON_RUNTIME:false in their Environment JSON field.
QUESTION
I run a glm() using robust standard errors. For a subsequent model comparison I calculate the difference of two regression models (coefficients & se). For that calculation I use the summary() function. However, the summary function of the models show different standard errors than the ones I get from coeftest(). Values for coefficients remain identical.
Input:
...ANSWER
Answered 2021-Dec-26 at 11:33The merits of lmtest::coeftest
is that it is possible to use a different covariance matrix than computed by lm()
.
QUESTION
I'm trying to run a simple single linear regression over a large number of variables, grouped according to another variable. Using the mtcars dataset as an example, I'd like to run a separate linear regression between mpg and each other variable (mpg ~ disp, mpg ~ hp, etc.), grouped by another variable (for example, cyl).
Running lm over each variable independently can easily be done using purrr::map (modified from this great tutorial - https://sebastiansauer.github.io/EDIT-multiple_lm_purrr_EDIT/):
...ANSWER
Answered 2021-Dec-12 at 22:18IIUC, you can use group_by
and group_modify
, with a map
inside that iterates over predictors.
If you can isolate your predictor variables in advance, it'll make it easier, as with ivs
in this solution.
QUESTION
I am trying code from this page. I ran up to the part LR (tf-idf)
and got the similar results
After that I decided to try GridSearchCV
. My questions below:
1)
...ANSWER
Answered 2021-Dec-09 at 23:12You end up with the error with precision because some of your penalization is too strong for this model, if you check the results, you get 0 for f1 score when C = 0.001 and C = 0.01
QUESTION
I am relatively new to tkinter (and OOP), and am trying to make a gui with a second window for preferences. If I close them in reverse order there are no issues, but I am trying to make them able to be closed out of order (so that closing the main window closes the subwindow).
I have tried binding a simple function that closes the window, if it exists, upon destruction of the parent, although it seems inconsistent. Sometimes it will close the subwindow, sometimes it freezes and I have to close the kernel. I am unsure as to the cause of the freezing, as it seems to happen after the closing of the subwindow. As a quick note in the full code I'm using tkmacosx to change the background of the button when the mouse hovers over it.
Here is a subset of my code for a working example, there are likely other issues as well. There are a few additional things from my testing (such as binding destroying the subwindow to the return key and printing within the function)
...ANSWER
Answered 2021-Nov-11 at 00:13Note that I was unable to replicate the errors you were having with destroying the subwindows. However, you are potentially having the issue as you are trying to destroy the individual windows, when you could just destroy the main window (as said by @furas). Just call self.parent.destroy()
in your Destroy_subwindow
function.
QUESTION
Consider this code:
...ANSWER
Answered 2021-Nov-01 at 21:47Yes, I think we can prove that a == 1 || b == 1
is always true. Most of the ideas here were worked out in comments by zwhconst and Peter Cordes, so I just thought I would write it up as an exercise.
(Note that X, Y, A, B below are used as the dummy variables in the standard's axioms, and may change from line to line. They do not coincide with the labels in your code.)
Suppose b = x.load()
in thread2 yields 0.
We do have the coherence ordering that you asked about. Specifically, if b = x.load
yields 0, then I claim that x.load()
in thread2 is coherence ordered before x.store(1)
in thread1, thanks to the third bullet in the definition of coherence ordering. For let A be x.load()
, B be x.store(1)
, and X be the initialization x{0}
(see below for quibble). Clearly X precedes B in the modification order of x
, since X happens-before B (synchronization occurs when the thread is started), and if b == 0
then A has read the value stored by X.
(There is possibly a gap here: initialization of an atomic object is not an atomic operation (3.18.1p3), so as worded, the coherence ordering does not apply to it. I have to believe it was intended to apply here, though. Anyway, we could dodge the issue by putting x.store(0, std::memory_order_relaxed);
in main
before starting the threads, which would still address the spirit of your question.)
Now in the definition of the ordering S, apply the second bullet with A = x.load()
and B = x.store(1)
as before, and Y being the atomic_thread_fence
in thread1. Then A is coherence-ordered before B, as we just showed; A is seq_cst
; and B happens-before Y by sequencing. So therefore A = x.load()
precedes Y = fence
in the order S.
Now suppose a = y.load()
in thread1 also yields 0.
By a similar argument to before, y.load()
is coherence ordered before y.store(1)
, and they are both seq_cst
, so y.load()
precedes y.store(1)
in S. Also, y.store(1)
precedes x.load()
in S by sequencing, and likewise atomic_thread_fence
precedes y.load()
in S. We therefore have in S:
x.load
precedesfence
precedesy.load
precedesy.store
precedesx.load
which is a cycle, contradicting the strict ordering of S.
QUESTION
I have a gradient exploding problem which I couldn't solve after trying for several days. I implemented a custom message passing graph neural network in TensorFlow which is used to predict a continuous value from graph data. Each graph is associated with one target value. Each node of a graph is represented by a node attribute vector, and the edges between nodes are represented by an edge attribute vector.
Within a message passing layer, node attributes are updated in a certain way (e.g., by aggregating other node/edge attributes), and these updated node attributes are returned.
Now, I managed to figure out where the gradient problem occurs in my code. I have the below snippet.
...ANSWER
Answered 2021-Oct-29 at 16:33Looks great, as you have already followed most of the solutions to resolve gradient exploding problem. Below is the list of all solutions you can try
Solutions to avoid Gradient Exploding problem
Appropriate Weight initialization: utilise appropriate weight Initialization based on the activation function used.
Initialization Activation Function He ReLU & variants LeCun SELU Glorot Softmax, Logistic, None, TanhRedesigning your Neural network: use fewer layers in neural network and/or use smaller batch size
Choosing Non Saturation activation function: choose the right activation function with reduced learning rates
- ReLU
- Leaky ReLU
- randomized leaky ReLU (RReLU)
- parametric leaky ReLU (PReLU)
- exponential linear unit (ELU)
Batch Normalisation: Ideally using batch normalisation before/after each layer, based on what works best for your dataset.
after each layer Paper reference
QUESTION
I am trying to create an R Shiny app that calculates a score using ridge regression and then uses that in a random forest model. I saved both models as RDS and kept them in the same folder where the app.R is.
Then I read the models and data of predicted probabilities and define some functions:
...ANSWER
Answered 2021-Oct-11 at 01:32The orignial error is occuring because you are not asking for the same input$id
as the id
you assign in textInput
.
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