mdp | specify simple MDPs that are compatible with the OpenAI Gym | Reinforcement Learning library

 by   BlackHC Python Version: Current License: Apache-2.0

kandi X-RAY | mdp Summary

kandi X-RAY | mdp Summary

mdp is a Python library typically used in Artificial Intelligence, Reinforcement Learning applications. mdp has no bugs, it has no vulnerabilities, it has build file available, it has a Permissive License and it has high support. You can download it from GitHub.

In reinforcement learning, agents learn to maximize accumulated rewards from an environment that they can interact with by observing and taking actions. Usually, these environments satisfy a Markov property and are treated as Markov Decision Processes (MDPs). The OpenAI Gym is a standardized and open framework that provides many different environments to train agents against through a simple API. Even the simplest of these environments already has a level of complexity that is interesting for research but can make it hard to track down bugs. However, the gym provides four very simple environments that are useful for testing. The gym.envs.debugging package contains a one-round environment with deterministic rewards and one with non-deterministic rewards, and a two-round environment with deterministic rewards and another one with non-deterministic rewards. The author has found these environments very useful for smoke-testing code changes. This Python framework makes it very easy to specify simple MDPs like the ones described above in an extensible way. With it, one can validate that agents converge correctly as well as examine other properties.
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            kandi-support Support

              mdp has a highly active ecosystem.
              It has 23 star(s) with 5 fork(s). There are 4 watchers for this library.
              OutlinedDot
              It had no major release in the last 6 months.
              There are 2 open issues and 0 have been closed. On average issues are closed in 1063 days. There are no pull requests.
              OutlinedDot
              It has a negative sentiment in the developer community.
              The latest version of mdp is current.

            kandi-Quality Quality

              mdp has 0 bugs and 0 code smells.

            kandi-Security Security

              mdp has no vulnerabilities reported, and its dependent libraries have no vulnerabilities reported.
              mdp code analysis shows 0 unresolved vulnerabilities.
              There are 0 security hotspots that need review.

            kandi-License License

              mdp is licensed under the Apache-2.0 License. This license is Permissive.
              Permissive licenses have the least restrictions, and you can use them in most projects.

            kandi-Reuse Reuse

              mdp releases are not available. You will need to build from source code and install.
              Build file is available. You can build the component from source.
              Installation instructions, examples and code snippets are available.

            Top functions reviewed by kandi - BETA

            kandi has reviewed mdp and discovered the below as its top functions. This is intended to give you an instant insight into mdp implemented functionality, and help decide if they suit your requirements.
            • Compare two rounds
            • Validate the model
            • Display the MDPS spec in IPython notebook
            • Convert a networkx graph to PNG
            • Get choices from rewards
            • Given an iterable of outcomes return a dictionary of choices
            • Iterate over all transitions
            • Return a new transition with the given state
            • Get transition info
            • Apply the given visitor
            • Replace the state with the given outcome
            • Validate one round of dm
            • Visit the node
            • Visit an action
            • Visit a reward node
            • Visitor for Alternatives
            • Visit a weighted state
            • Visit a conjunction
            • Validate a single round of NMDP
            • Fail if mapping is not valid
            • Run multi - round NMDP
            • Replace a reward node
            • Replace the state of the given node
            • Iterate over a weighted state
            • Fail node
            Get all kandi verified functions for this library.

            mdp Key Features

            No Key Features are available at this moment for mdp.

            mdp Examples and Code Snippets

            No Code Snippets are available at this moment for mdp.

            Community Discussions

            QUESTION

            Query in spring boot with Distinct doesn't return diffrent values
            Asked 2022-Feb-23 at 14:27

            I have two classes Port and Person. a Person can have many port so there ManyToOne relationship between the two classes. I want to return all the Port that exists in Person. here is Person class:

            ...

            ANSWER

            Answered 2022-Feb-23 at 11:31

            your DISTINCT keyword does not work because your result set is not really unique, look at your records, ID column has different data, so they are not the same and DISTINCT does not help you.

            if you just want the PORT table data try to use t1.* instead of *

            use this query:

            Source https://stackoverflow.com/questions/71234753

            QUESTION

            Add legends to a Treemap with ggplot only when space inside blocks is too small
            Asked 2022-Feb-09 at 22:07

            I'm working with ggplot and treemapify to generate a treemap.

            The problem is that some blocks are too small so i can't put text inside of them. I've been trying to use scale_fill_manual in order to generate some legends outside the graph by breaks argument but it comes with two problems. If I only specify the labels that I want, the other ones turn green and I can't change their fill collor. On the other hand, when I use all the labels it shows them all.

            How can I choose which legends I want to show in the graph?

            This is the resulting treemap when I try to add the legends with all labels

            This is the resulting treemap when I try to add the legends with the labels that I want

            This is the code I'm currently working on:

            ...

            ANSWER

            Answered 2022-Feb-09 at 22:07

            One option to prevent the fill colors to be removed when setting the breaks would be to make use of a named vector which assigns colors to category names:

            Source https://stackoverflow.com/questions/71056003

            QUESTION

            I'm not getting the expected outputs in this powershell script
            Asked 2022-Feb-07 at 16:48

            i made this script in powershell, but i'm not doing something correctly (I'm trying to learn self-taught uwu)

            This is the script in question.

            ...

            ANSWER

            Answered 2022-Feb-07 at 13:46

            What I understand after reading your description, you need to declare all of the variables as global otherwise you need to access those variables inside of the function. A function variable can not be accessible from outside of the function. As per my understanding from your description, your code will be like this:

            Source https://stackoverflow.com/questions/71018495

            QUESTION

            Parse a CSV file, loop and insert rows into a PostGreSQL database
            Asked 2022-Jan-31 at 21:24

            I use the Python psycopg2 module to copy the content of a csv file (a list of users) into a PostGreSQL database.
            So I begin to parse the CSV with the Python pandas module. Then with a for loop, I try to insert my data in my SQL queries.
            I have two problems :

            a) When I execute the role query (query 2 - see below) to create new roles in the database, I get 'user' instead of user. How could I do to insert the roles with the right syntax ?
            b) The queries 3 and 4 (see below) give the following error :

            ...

            ANSWER

            Answered 2022-Jan-31 at 21:12
            Reading the CSV

            First of all, there is probably no need for pandas here, since you only need to open the csv file and parse its contents. Using the built-in csv module should be enough.

            You can read the file like this:

            Source https://stackoverflow.com/questions/70932615

            QUESTION

            Certified Document when Approval Signature exist
            Asked 2022-Jan-25 at 10:00

            Working with java use Apache PDFBox to sign and certified, invalid certified if signature exist, with JsignPDF was able to certified when approval exist, the process is sign after that do certified (seal) document

            Signature with JsignPDF

            document after certified with JsignPDF :

            the certified invalid with PDFBox

            the function from PDFBox with some editing was to try :

            ...

            ANSWER

            Answered 2022-Jan-25 at 10:00

            This answer essentially is a more detailed version of the comments, essentially finding that what you want to do is not possible.

            You ask for a way to

            Certify Document when Approval Signature exist

            According to the current PDF specification:

            ISO 32000-2:2020 subsection 12.8.1 "General" of 12.8 "Digital signatures" A PDF document may contain the following standard types of signatures: [...] One or more approval signatures (also known as recipient signatures). These shall follow the certification signature if one is present.

            Thus, you cannot validly add a certification signature to a PDF which already has approval signatures.

            (This does not automatically mean that all validators will detect the issue if you add a certification signature after approval signatures, let alone correctly display the cause. Many validators only do a subset of the checks that strictly speaking are necessary...)

            More question if the certification signature come first then next is approval like 3 signature approval, can the last the certification setMDPPermission with 1 ? so at the end the document can't add more approval signature

            setMDPPermission adds a DocMDP transform to the signature, and such a transform makes the signature a certification signature. Thus, using this method when signing a document that already has an approval signature, will create an invalid PDF or fail entirely.

            You can lock a PDF document with an approval signature, though, if you add a Lock dictionary to the signature field with a P entry of 1. Beware, though, this is a ISO 32000-2 feature originally introduced as a feature of an Adobe Extension to ISO 32000-1. Not all PDF viewers support ISO 32000-2 yet, so some viewers may not respect this entry.

            Source https://stackoverflow.com/questions/70843036

            QUESTION

            Python Gekko Tool
            Asked 2022-Jan-03 at 20:12

            I have just started to work with Gekko optimization software. So far, I figured out how to obtain an optimal solution for my problem. But I am not sure if it is possible to see all possible results, which satisfy the constraint? (not only the optimal value). The problem is that for my particular task, I need to do optimization multiple times and despite the optimal values being optimal at one point, the optimal sequence of decisions might be different over time. I want to check this by creating an MDP. But to do this, I need to know the possible states, which represent all possible values of the variable to be optimized, which satisfy the constraints. I have not found yet how to do this in Gekko, so maybe somebody had similar issues?

            Thank you!

            ...

            ANSWER

            Answered 2022-Jan-03 at 20:12

            A contour plot is a nice way to show the optimal solution and all possible feasible solutions. Below is an example contour plot for the Tubular Column Design Optimization problem.

            Source https://stackoverflow.com/questions/70569036

            QUESTION

            Ruby On Rails - man in the middle attack when a gem uses in its Gemfile HTTP source?
            Asked 2021-Dec-23 at 08:10

            I'm running a security scanner against an app I'm developing and it's rising red alert, maximum security thread for the gem rotr which uses in its Gemfile source with HTTP protocol revealing a possibility for man in the middle attack that potentially can allow an attacker to inject any code into an application

            The link to Gemfile in question - https://github.com/mdp/rotp/blob/master/Gemfile

            It states:

            ...

            ANSWER

            Answered 2021-Dec-23 at 08:10

            In your example, the gem would be loaded via HTTPS, because the Gemfile of a dependency will not be loaded at all. From dependencies, only the gemspec file is evaluated by Bundler. The gem's Gemfile is only used during the development of that gem. Interesting read in this context: How bundler priorities sources.

            The following for the interested reader why it is important to use HTTPS when downloading gems:

            When you load a gem from a non-HTTPS source and there is a man-in-the-middle attacker then this attacker would be able to send you back anything instead of the gem you requested.

            Of course, there are man ifs and whens. But let's imagine you are going to download a gem on a non-secure communication channel like pure HTTP. And let's imagine there is a man-in-the-middle attacker that is able to sniff your traffic. This might be possible when using the same WiFi in a café or hotel, or when there are different customers on virtual servers in a data center or they have physical access to your landline.

            Because they can read your unencrypted request for a gem then know what gems you are using. Now imagine that they do not just sniff your traffic but instead manipulate the response from the servers to you too. When you, for example, request a new version of a popular gem to handle user authentication and authorization or payments they could send you back their version instead of the original version.

            And their version could include some minor changes like:

            • when loaded the gem could upload your Gemfile to the attacker which would give the attacker a great overview of your application.
            • when loaded the gem could take all ENV variables and/or Rails.credentials and upload them to a server that is controlled by the attacker. This would certainly git the attacker all your application's passwords.
            • because it changed the original gem dealing with user credentials the malicious gem would be able to track users or your admin credentials when they log in or update their credentials. Given that many users use the same email/password combination everywhere this would be a nightmare.
            • if the gem can read ENV variables or Rails.credentials then that means that it could change them too. For example, to connect to another payment provider would mean your customer's payment would be redirected into a different account.
            • And on top of that, the malicious gem could also replace itself with the original gem once it was loaded into memory. What would make it difficult to figure out that your server was attacked.

            tl;dr When an attacker is able to do a man-in-the-middle attack then they can send you malicious versions of a gem. These malicious gems could do almost everything with your application you can imagine. Sure, attacks like this are not simple, but they are not super-hard neither.

            The rule of thumb is: Always use HTTPS whenever possible (not just for downloading gem but for all network traffic).

            Source https://stackoverflow.com/questions/70426130

            QUESTION

            Reduce IO (Maybe (IO (Maybe a)) to IO (Maybe a)
            Asked 2021-Dec-22 at 09:17

            I have a function that reads an Rsa key with the HsOpenSsl's readPrivateKey function unfortunately the signature of my function is this String -> IO (Maybe (IO Maybe RsaKey)). I need the PEM format and a Cryptonite.RSA key and I wrote the function mkRsaKey to make that from a string in PEM format.

            Heres the code:

            ...

            ANSWER

            Answered 2021-Dec-22 at 08:21

            Found a way to do it without unsafePerformIO the trick is to use a case statement which only uses the return function in the Nothing case. Here's the implementation:

            Source https://stackoverflow.com/questions/70445844

            QUESTION

            Cant find the element (xpath) in RSelenium of a specific website
            Asked 2021-Dec-09 at 20:37

            I'm using RSelenium to do some web scraping on the website https://unicancer.sigaps.fr/.

            I want to review my team sigaps points (for those who don't know, when you publish an article in a scientific magazine, you get points and the more you have points the more you will get acknowledged). I want to automatize, the collection of those data.

            So i already used RSelenium on other website and it worked, but on this specific one i can't find the html tags with those function:

            ...

            ANSWER

            Answered 2021-Dec-08 at 14:12

            We have to use switchToFrame which is generally used for iframe. Though there is no iframe for this webiste we use switchToFrame to change focus on frame.

            Source https://stackoverflow.com/questions/70165553

            QUESTION

            no method matching logpdf when sampling from uniform distribution
            Asked 2021-Nov-18 at 23:01

            I am trying to use reinforcement learning in julia to teach a car that is constantly being accelerated backwards (but with a positive initial velocity) to apply brakes so that it gets as close to a target distance as possible before moving backwards.

            To do this, I am making use of POMDPs.jl and crux.jl which has many solvers (I'm using DQN). I will list what I believe to be the relevant parts of the script first, and then more of it towards the end.

            To define the MDP, I set the initial position, velocity, and force from the brakes as a uniform distribution over some values.

            ...

            ANSWER

            Answered 2021-Nov-18 at 23:01

            Short answer:

            Change your output vector to Float32 i.e. Float32[-.1, 0, .1].

            Long answer:

            Crux creates a Distribution over your network's output values, and at some point (policies.jl:298) samples a random value from it. It then converts this value to a Float32. Later (utils.jl:15) it does a findfirst to find the index of this value in the original output array (stored as objs within the distribution), but because the original array is still Float64, this fails and returns a nothing. Hence the error.

            I believe this (converting the sampled value but not the objs array and/or not using approximate equality check i.e. findfirst(isapprox(x), d.objs)) to be a bug in the package, and would encourage you to raise this as an issue on Github.

            Source https://stackoverflow.com/questions/70015203

            Community Discussions, Code Snippets contain sources that include Stack Exchange Network

            Vulnerabilities

            No vulnerabilities reported

            Install mdp

            To install using pip, use:.

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