ontology | Working directory for ontology
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kandi X-RAY | ontology Summary
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QUESTION
As part of my bachelor's thesis, I am trying to create a universal ontology for organizations (I know about the existence of The Organizational Ontology from the W3C). In the process, I came up with the following scheme (ontology drawn in pencil). The idea is to have one main entity (in my case it is the entity Workspace) for which I could set its type (organization, department, position, person, place) and which I could pair with itself (with using the typed relationship "Relation") to build any arbitrarily complex organizational structure.
I tried to translate the drawn ontology into an RDF graph using the WebVOWL online utility and this is what I got (picture of ontology).
Unfortunately, my knowledge of ontological modeling theory and semantic web technologies leaves much to be desired, and I ask people who understand them to help me.
Correct me if I'm wrong, but I have a feeling that in the ontology I've built, the Relation entity must have all the links at once. (Relation - relationType - HoldsPost, Relation - relationType - ReportsTo, Relation - relationType - subOrganization, etc.). I need the Relation entity instance to have only one relationship (For example, only Relation - relationType - HoldsPost).
Only one solution to this problem comes to mind - get rid of the HeadOf, HoldsPost, ReportsTo, .. nodes and instead add a string node in which to write the desired value, depending on the type of relationship.
So it seems that the problem is how to build an ontology that will provide a Relation instance with only one of the types listed, and not all at once.
I would be really grateful for any help and feedback.
Also I am attaching the contents of the Turtle file generated by the WebVOWL utility:
...ANSWER
Answered 2022-Apr-09 at 20:12You will need to add a max 1 cardinality restriction to the Relation
class:
QUESTION
Im trying to query a knowledge graph and im trying print the max occurrence of ?n in the result and i have tried running following query but it just doesn't prints anything
here is my SPARQL Query
...ANSWER
Answered 2022-Apr-04 at 21:39You can try this
QUESTION
I have downloaded the corpus of articles Aminar DBLP Version 11. The corpus is a huge text file (12GB) which each line is a self-contained JSON string:
...ANSWER
Answered 2022-Mar-23 at 13:51Reading the file without providing the schema is taking longer time. I tried to split the huge file in smaller chunks to understand the schema and it failed with Found duplicate column(s) in the data schema:
I tried the below approach on the same dataset with provided schema and it worked.
QUESTION
I have following concepts in turtle file. I would like to extract preferred label and ids for parent node (DOID_4159) and all its child from below concepts. I have written following SPARQL query to fetch the information, but it will not give all the child nodes.
...ANSWER
Answered 2022-Feb-09 at 08:27here we have some issues
- The .ttl file you posted is not correct. There is an error on the definition of the 1st entity which is missing of the
.
at the end. So you have to update the definition from:
QUESTION
I need to develop an ontology in computational biochemistry and molecular dynamics. For this, I have collected the terms that is going to be used and attempted to reuse ontologies by searching the terms on ontology search service, such as EBI-OLS. Some terms are very relevant to import/reuse, however, the ontology itself is intended for a more specific domain, such as National Cancer Institute Thesaurus (which has 171,081 classes). Other than that, there are other 10 source ontologies that I could potentially reuse. Some of them are also huge, such as EDAM ontology.
Is it okay to reuse ontology that seemingly intended for a more specific domain, such as cancer? We will use the ontology for a more generic use in life science, not only cancer-related domain.
Is there any general rule of thumb on which of those 10-ish ontologies that are suitable for reuse? (e.g., the paper describing that ontology should be cited by at least n number of papers, or it should be compatible with Open Biological and Biomedical Ontology (OBO) Foundry principles, or it should be backed by a well-known institution and still maintained).
How to decide the sweet spot on the number of ontology sources one can based on? While we can reuse as much available terms as we can (from many ontology sources, especially in life science domain), there is a concern that it would make the resulting knowledge graph representation much more complex.
Thank you for your answers.
...ANSWER
Answered 2022-Feb-02 at 16:04Answers to your questions:
I would say yes, assuming the terms that you intent to use are indeed a match for your use case. I.e., if there is a term that you are interested in using, but say its definition or the synonyms do not match your needs, then I will probably consider not using the term.
Yes, there are. I really recommend reading the paper Ten Simple Rules for Selecting a Bio-ontology and the OBO Tutorial.
Try to keep the number of ontologies you want to use as small as is sensible (that is the smallest set of ontologies that are well aligned with the needs of your use case). The reason for this is that you will want to engage with the designers of the ontologies you use to extend and amend these ontologies for your use case. The more ontologies you use, the chances are that you will need to communicate with a larger community to affect change for your use case. This may increase development times. However, using an ontology that is not well aligned with your use case will also increase communication and timelines. Thus, the reason for keeping the number of ontologies as small as is sensible.
As for your concern regarding importing large ontologies into your ontology, the way this is dealt with is to extract only the terms you are interested using ROBOT and then to import the extracted ontology into your own ontology.
In general, I will really strongly recommend reaching out to the OBO Foundry. They have developed life science related ontologies for a number of years. Working with them you are likely to avoid many of the typical problems people run into when they start designing ontologies.
I have also written up some general guidelines from my perspective wrt choosing biological ontologies here.
QUESTION
I'm trying to compile my Rust code on my M1 Mac for a x86_64 target with linux. I use Docker to achieve that.
My Dockerfile:
...ANSWER
Answered 2022-Jan-18 at 17:25It looks like the executable is actually named x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc
, see https://packages.debian.org/bullseye/arm64/gcc-x86-64-linux-gnu/filelist.
QUESTION
I want to programmatically get explanations for inferred axioms in consistent ontologies, in a similar manner that one can do in the Protégé UI. I cannot find any straightforward way. I have found the owlexplanation repo, but I cannot for the life of me solve the dependency issues to set up the owlexplanation
environment. I have also browsed the javadoc of owlapi regarding explanations (to avoid the other repo altogether), but I don't see anything useful beyond what I can already see browsing the Java source code.
I have thought of simply negating the inferred axiom, to get explanations through inconsistencies, but I would prefer something cleaner, and I am not sure this approach is correct anyway.
Other (possibly) useful context:
- I had used some Java years ago, but I now primarily use Python (I try to use OWL API with JPype and OWL in general with Owlready2).
- I am using HermiT reasoner (again through JPype) (according to build.xml file, latest stable version 1.3.8).
- I have managed to get explanations for unsatisfiability and inconsistency in my setup, without
owlexplanation
, following this example from the HermiT source code. - I fell in the rabbit hole wanting to make a usable
.jar
file forowlexplanation
, in order to add it in my JPype classpath. My plan went sideways when I couldn't get the Java project to build in the first place. - I am using Intellij IDE.
I would appreciate any insight or tips.
UPDATE Jan 6, 2022:
I decided to try once more with the owlexplanation
code with a clean head so here is where I am at:
- Downloaded the source code from github and extracted the zip.
- Started IntelliJ and instead from "Creating a project from Existing sources", I clicked "Open" and selected the extracted directory.
- I built the project and it did successfully.
- From Maven tools, I run clean, validate, compile and test succesfully.
- If I run "package" Maven action, it throws as error that "The environment variable JAVA_HOME is not correctly set". The thing is that if I go File>Project Structure, I see that SDK is set to 11, it's not empty.
- Additionally, from the
pom.xml
file I get these problems:Plugin 'org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-gpg-plugin:1.5' not found
Plugin 'org.sonatype.plugins:nexus-staging-maven-plugin:1.6.6' not found
UPDATE Jan 8, 2022: (Trying @Ignazio's answer)
I created a new IntelliJ project, and added the Maven dependencies @Ignazio mentioned (plus some others like slf4j
etc) and I got a working example (I think). Moving to my main project (using JPype), I had to manually download some .jars to include in the classpath (as maven can't be used here). These are the ones downloaded so far:
ANSWER
Answered 2022-Jan-07 at 20:52You're not just using the projects but actually building them from scratch, which requires more setup than using the published artifacts.
Shortcut that uses Maven available jars (via Maven Central, although other public repositories should do just as well)
Java code:
QUESTION
I'm using wordcloud==1.8.1
to render a plot with multiple wordclouds,
each one beeing a bar in a bar chart.
Basically just adding some subplots like this:
...ANSWER
Answered 2021-Dec-22 at 23:20I was able to get the desired result for the toy example but I'm not 100 % sure if this holds true for larger sets when the image gets more crowded and it will most probably fail for the vertical bars in your example (maybe setting prefer_horizontal
to a low value of say 0.1
may help in this case, rotating most of the words).
The following has to be paid attention to:
- set
relative_scaling
to1
so that the font size is directly proportional to the frequency (per document). - make the images wide enough so that the largest word will fit in its entire length into the image (otherwise is may get shrunk)
- set
font_step
to0
to prevent font decreasing if the word doesn't fit at the first try (see source)
The following example illustrates this (colors and word positions are chosen randomly, so your result will be different, but the sizes and size ratios should be the same as in the example output) :
QUESTION
I have an owl/rdf schema with object properties with range restrictions, and I'm unable to get with the Jena API the effective range class.
I would like to get the classes which are defined in the ontology as the range of a property. For example, with the following schema:
...ANSWER
Answered 2021-Dec-15 at 15:11Per the useful comments above, it now works. I'm doing:
QUESTION
I am using code from this biostars post to get myself more acquainted with creating plots in ggplot. I am a bit stuck on setting the legend variables though
Is there a way to set the colour and control the number of breaks/dots in the legend (under numDEInCat)
...ANSWER
Answered 2021-Nov-18 at 20:46I think what you're looking for are guides(size = guide_legend(override.aes(BLABLA)))
and scale_size(breaks = c(BLABLA))
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Install ontology
You can use ontology like any standard Python library. You will need to make sure that you have a development environment consisting of a Python distribution including header files, a compiler, pip, and git installed. Make sure that your pip, setuptools, and wheel are up to date. When using pip it is generally recommended to install packages in a virtual environment to avoid changes to the system.
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