pyGAM | Generalized Additive Models in Python | Machine Learning library
kandi X-RAY | pyGAM Summary
kandi X-RAY | pyGAM Summary
Generalized Additive Models (GAMs) are smooth semi-parametric models of the form:. where X.T = [X_1, X_2, ..., X_p] are independent variables, y is the dependent variable, and g() is the link function that relates our predictor variables to the expected value of the dependent variable. The feature functions f_i() are built using penalized B splines, which allow us to automatically model non-linear relationships without having to manually try out many different transformations on each variable. GAMs extend generalized linear models by allowing non-linear functions of features while maintaining additivity. Since the model is additive, it is easy to examine the effect of each X_i on Y individually while holding all other predictors constant. The result is a very flexible model, where it is easy to incorporate prior knowledge and control overfitting.
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Top functions reviewed by kandi - BETA
- Perform grid search
- Check if an array is valid
- Convert exposure to weighted weights
- Expand a 2D array into a 2D array
- Validate arguments
- Check if parameter is a numerical type
- R Return the depth of the iterable
- Validate the arguments
- R Compute the log - likelihood of the model
- Predicts the value of the GP
- Compute expectiles
- Builds the constraints for the coefficients
- Parse marginal terms
- Compile the term_k
- Generate data for a linear regression
- Compute the Poisson GAM
- Builds the spline basis
- R Deviance
- Compute the edge k
- R Deviance function
- Builds the penalty matrix
- Compile the factor term
- Estimate the explained Deviance
- Plots the wage data for the wage
- Compute a Factor term
- Plot the default data logistic regression
pyGAM Key Features
pyGAM Examples and Code Snippets
Community Discussions
Trending Discussions on pyGAM
QUESTION
I'm trying to put buttons in a surface*(screen)* and want to include them in just one class. This is the code:
...ANSWER
Answered 2021-Jun-15 at 19:22You don't need the button
attribute at all. Pass the color and the rectangle to the constructor of the class. Save the color and rectangle in an attribute and use the attributes to draw the button:
QUESTION
Here is my underdeveloped pygame ping-pong game, but my sprites(player&opponent) ain't moving, on giving a keyboard input. And when I quit the program, it yells an error pygame.error: video system not initialized
. My pygame is the latest 1.9.6 version with all the files up-to-daee. However, I am certain that pygame.display
is generating this error, but I even tried pygame.display.init()
and that too didn't worked :(
ANSWER
Answered 2021-Jun-15 at 14:57Here, you have two different problems :
First the movement is not working because to differentiate the keys, you use event.type
to compare where it should be event.key
. Try with for example :
QUESTION
I am trying to make a popup for messages such as "Action completed" and I want a button on it to close the popup (A simple OK which quits only the popup). It also sometimes moves behind the window which is annoying. I have some code for the button but it has an issue with the geometry of the shape since the shape isn't exactly defined as it is variable through the size of font and text length.
...ANSWER
Answered 2021-Jun-15 at 11:50From my own experience wanting to achieve this, I wrote a simple tkinter code export_success.py
as follows:
QUESTION
I have a sound that I wish to play.
My code;
...ANSWER
Answered 2021-Jun-15 at 04:42Do not stop
a sound, but pause
it with pygame.mixer.Channel.pause
:
QUESTION
i found this unfinished file in my files and now i need to finish it, only problem is idk really how do i detect collision with the bullet and the player thing and/or the bullet and the enemy thing, when the bullets collide with the enemy it still dies, i just don't remember how.
here's the code ig help thanks
...ANSWER
Answered 2021-Jun-15 at 02:18Collision detection depends on your needs.
- Bounding boxes are simple and can detect if the x, y edges of each object are not within one another. This is fine for fast moving games and things where you don't necessarily require point precision.
- Distance vectors are also simple and perfect solution for circle collisions. They calculate the difference in distance between two objects according to a radius prescribed with the hypotenuse of distX^2 + distY^2.
- Compound bounding objects are harder to calculate, especially for concave areas on objects of arbitrary shape. There are too many notable and novel approaches to collision detection beyond these to remark on here.
They're also increasingly complex depending on things like variability (if they're deformable objects, if they have particle seams, etc and 2d vs 3d object collision can be vastly different worlds as well. There are tons of articles, but I'll post one with implementation here
QUESTION
I am making a clock in my game. After roughly 60 seconds it changes to the next number. I use the subroutine below to change the clock image when it needs to. My problem is that the images flickers when displayed, and I don't want that.
My code;
...ANSWER
Answered 2021-Jun-15 at 04:33The problem is caused by multiple calls to pygame.display.update()
. An update of the display at the end of the application loop is sufficient. Multiple calls to pygame.display.update()
or pygame.display.flip()
cause flickering.
Remove all calls to pygame.display.update()
from your code, but call it once at the end of the application loop:
QUESTION
I did some research and found this: Setting a fixed FPS in Pygame, Python 3 and this: pygame clock.tick() vs framerate in game main loop. It is similar to what I am asking.
So the clock.tick(FPS)
caps the program to run at that FPS
. The reason you do this is so you can control the FPS
of the program and it makes it easier for time stuff like waits.
But how can I unlimited FPS
and still control my FPS
for time stuff like waits? From my understanding, this is not possible, due to the fact that clock.tick(FPS)
caps the FPS
and while not adding it in means unlimited FPS
but you not being able to control the FPS
.
So it seems to be a question of weather to cap you FPS
for control or have your program run as fast as possible, but without control.
In conclusion, what I am asking is four questions;
- Pros and cons of capping your
FPS
- Pros and cons of not capping your
FPS
and going on with the naturalFPS
of your program - Is it possible to have unlimited
FPS
and still control myFPS
for time stuff like waits? - If so, how?
ANSWER
Answered 2021-Jun-14 at 21:42You have to calculate the movement per frame depending on the frame rate.
pygame.time.Clock.tick
returns the number of milliseconds since the last call. When you call it in the application loop, this is the number of milliseconds that have passed since the last frame.
When you call it without a parameter (framerate=0
), the FPS are unlimited.
Define the distance in pixels that the player should move per second (move_per_second
). Then compute the distance per frame in the application loop:
QUESTION
So in response to my question (How to continuously move an image smoothly in Pygame?) I was told to set my framerate in order to do my animation. But no matter where I place it, clock.tick(60)
does nothing. I do clock = pygame.time.Clock()
BTW. So how do I do this? I have researched and found this (pygame clock.tick() vs framerate in game main loop) but I don't really understand this.
My main game function;
...ANSWER
Answered 2021-Jun-14 at 04:28Use pygame.time.Clock
to control the frames per second and thus the game speed.
The method tick()
of a pygame.time.Clock
object, delays the game in that way, that every iteration of the loop consumes the same period of time. See pygame.time.Clock.tick()
:
This method should be called once per frame.
e.g.:
QUESTION
i hope you can help, because I'm running out of knowledge. My Problem: i want to change a variable to a new value:
...ANSWER
Answered 2021-Jun-13 at 09:02If you want to change a variabel in global namespace within a function, you need to use the global
statement:
QUESTION
I just want to play a simple MP3 file on Linux directly from the Python code.
I've looked at this and this question and tried the following libraries but all of them failed: audioplayer
, Ipython.display.Audio
, pydub
, pygame.mixer
, ossaudiodev
, soundfile
.
Errors that I saw often were:
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'gi'
- Errors with
ffmpeg
ANSWER
Answered 2021-Jun-11 at 11:03pyglet
is the only solution I found that can play MP3 on Linux:
Community Discussions, Code Snippets contain sources that include Stack Exchange Network
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Install pyGAM
You can use pyGAM like any standard Python library. You will need to make sure that you have a development environment consisting of a Python distribution including header files, a compiler, pip, and git installed. Make sure that your pip, setuptools, and wheel are up to date. When using pip it is generally recommended to install packages in a virtual environment to avoid changes to the system.
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