GAIN | Generative Adversarial Imputation Networks - ICML | Machine Learning library

 by   jsyoon0823 Python Version: Current License: No License

kandi X-RAY | GAIN Summary

kandi X-RAY | GAIN Summary

GAIN is a Python library typically used in Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, Deep Learning, Pytorch applications. GAIN has no bugs, it has no vulnerabilities, it has build file available and it has low support. You can download it from GitHub.

Authors: Jinsung Yoon, James Jordon, Mihaela van der Schaar. Paper: Jinsung Yoon, James Jordon, Mihaela van der Schaar, "GAIN: Missing Data Imputation using Generative Adversarial Nets," International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML), 2018. This directory contains implementations of GAIN framework for imputation using two UCI datasets. To run the pipeline for training and evaluation on GAIN framwork, simply run python3 -m main_letter_spam.py. Note that any model architecture can be used as the generator and discriminator model such as multi-layer perceptrons or CNNs.
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    Quality
      Security
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            kandi-support Support

              GAIN has a low active ecosystem.
              It has 288 star(s) with 138 fork(s). There are 12 watchers for this library.
              OutlinedDot
              It had no major release in the last 6 months.
              There are 0 open issues and 33 have been closed. On average issues are closed in 134 days. There are no pull requests.
              It has a neutral sentiment in the developer community.
              The latest version of GAIN is current.

            kandi-Quality Quality

              GAIN has 0 bugs and 34 code smells.

            kandi-Security Security

              GAIN has no vulnerabilities reported, and its dependent libraries have no vulnerabilities reported.
              GAIN code analysis shows 0 unresolved vulnerabilities.
              There are 0 security hotspots that need review.

            kandi-License License

              GAIN does not have a standard license declared.
              Check the repository for any license declaration and review the terms closely.
              OutlinedDot
              Without a license, all rights are reserved, and you cannot use the library in your applications.

            kandi-Reuse Reuse

              GAIN releases are not available. You will need to build from source code and install.
              Build file is available. You can build the component from source.
              Installation instructions are not available. Examples and code snippets are available.
              GAIN saves you 84 person hours of effort in developing the same functionality from scratch.
              It has 215 lines of code, 13 functions and 4 files.
              It has low code complexity. Code complexity directly impacts maintainability of the code.

            Top functions reviewed by kandi - BETA

            kandi has reviewed GAIN and discovered the below as its top functions. This is intended to give you an instant insight into GAIN implemented functionality, and help decide if they suit your requirements.
            • Gate function
            • Normalization function
            • Renormalize the data
            • Rounds data_x according to the input data
            • Generate binary sampling matrix
            • Generate a random batch index from a given total size
            • Random uniform variates
            • Load data
            • Calculate the Root Mean Square Error
            Get all kandi verified functions for this library.

            GAIN Key Features

            No Key Features are available at this moment for GAIN.

            GAIN Examples and Code Snippets

            Calculate profit gain .
            pythondot img1Lines of Code : 65dot img1License : Permissive (MIT License)
            copy iconCopy
            def calc_profit(profit: list, weight: list, max_weight: int) -> int:
                """
                Function description is as follows-
                :param profit: Take a list of profits
                :param weight: Take a list of weight if bags corresponding to the profits
                :param  
            Initialize the gain function .
            pythondot img2Lines of Code : 21dot img2License : Non-SPDX (Apache License 2.0)
            copy iconCopy
            def __call__(self, shape, dtype=dtypes.float32, **kwargs):
                """Returns a tensor object initialized as specified by the initializer.
            
                Args:
                  shape: Shape of the tensor.
                  dtype: Optional dtype of the tensor. Only floating point types a  
            Compute the information gain .
            pythondot img3Lines of Code : 17dot img3no licencesLicense : No License
            copy iconCopy
            def information_gain(self, x, y, split):
                    # assume classes are 0 and 1
                    # print "split:", split
                    y0 = y[x < split]
                    y1 = y[x >= split]
                    N = len(y)
                    y0len = len(y0)
                    if y0len == 0 or y0len == N:
               

            Community Discussions

            QUESTION

            Why is number of hard links for a directory 2 + the number of subdirectories?
            Asked 2021-Jun-15 at 20:37

            When using ls -l, I noticed that directories start with 2 hard links, and gain one for each subdirectory. I understand that the current directory link . counts as one link and the parent directory link .. of each subdirectory counts as a hard link, but:

            1. Why don't subfiles count towards hard links when subdirectories do?

            2. Why does the parent directory link .. count as a hard link for both this directory and the parent directory?

            ...

            ANSWER

            Answered 2021-Jun-15 at 20:37

            Assume the following directory tree

            Source https://stackoverflow.com/questions/67992991

            QUESTION

            Golang Concurrency Code Review of Codewalk
            Asked 2021-Jun-15 at 06:03

            I'm trying to understand best practices for Golang concurrency. I read O'Reilly's book on Go's concurrency and then came back to the Golang Codewalks, specifically this example:

            https://golang.org/doc/codewalk/sharemem/

            This is the code I was hoping to review with you in order to learn a little bit more about Go. My first impression is that this code is breaking some best practices. This is of course my (very) unexperienced opinion and I wanted to discuss and gain some insight on the process. This isn't about who's right or wrong, please be nice, I just want to share my views and get some feedback on them. Maybe this discussion will help other people see why I'm wrong and teach them something.

            I'm fully aware that the purpose of this code is to teach beginners, not to be perfect code.

            Issue 1 - No Goroutine cleanup logic

            ...

            ANSWER

            Answered 2021-Jun-15 at 02:48
            1. It is the main method, so there is no need to cleanup. When main returns, the program exits. If this wasn't the main, then you would be correct.

            2. There is no best practice that fits all use cases. The code you show here is a very common pattern. The function creates a goroutine, and returns a channel so that others can communicate with that goroutine. There is no rule that governs how channels must be created. There is no way to terminate that goroutine though. One use case this pattern fits well is reading a large resultset from a database. The channel allows streaming data as it is read from the database. In that case usually there are other means of terminating the goroutine though, like passing a context.

            3. Again, there are no hard rules on how channels should be created/closed. A channel can be left open, and it will be garbage collected when it is no longer used. If the use case demands so, the channel can be left open indefinitely, and the scenario you worry about will never happen.

            Source https://stackoverflow.com/questions/67979304

            QUESTION

            Why do I get error "Could not find a version that satisfies the requirement scipy==1.5.3" when running "pip install -r requirements.txt"?
            Asked 2021-Jun-15 at 02:20

            I am trying to install all needed modules for an existing Django project. When I run pip install -r requirements.txt I get the following errors:

            ...

            ANSWER

            Answered 2021-Jan-26 at 13:05

            Inside your requirements.txt change scipy line with this scipy==1.6.0 and save. Now retry pip installation.

            Source https://stackoverflow.com/questions/65900701

            QUESTION

            Usage of mongodb-1.2.2 with rocket-0.5.0-rc.1 causes async runtime incompatibilities
            Asked 2021-Jun-14 at 20:39
            Background information

            Hey, I am working on putting up a rocket rest api with a mongodb database.

            I have been able to create a successful connection to the MongoDB Atlas and put the resulting client into the state management of rocket via the manage builder function like this:

            ...

            ANSWER

            Answered 2021-Jun-14 at 20:39

            This has been resolved. See above for the solution. It is marked with a header saying solution.

            Source https://stackoverflow.com/questions/67951519

            QUESTION

            C++ Optimize Memory Read Speed
            Asked 2021-Jun-14 at 20:17

            I'm creating an int (32 bit) vector with 1024 * 1024 * 1024 elements like so:

            ...

            ANSWER

            Answered 2021-Jun-14 at 17:01

            Here are some techniques.

            Loop Unrolling

            Source https://stackoverflow.com/questions/67974127

            QUESTION

            Calculate Profit/Capital Gains on Sold Inventory/Shares
            Asked 2021-Jun-13 at 10:44

            I have a Google Sheet (Excel formulas apply) containing 2000 transactions that are structured like below:

            Link to Google Sheet with example calcs here.

            I need to calculate the Profit (ie. FIFO Capital Gains) for every sell order and place this amount in the 5th column (as pictured). This can be achieved with either traditional formulas or with a Google App Script. Preferably in Google Sheets.

            I'm finding it difficult via formulas to match the sell order with the buy as you proceed down the table as some sell orders are split across multiple buy lines. If anyone could help with a formula or solution to tackle this problem it would be much appreciated. This is an updated question to the original here.

            ...

            ANSWER

            Answered 2021-Jun-13 at 10:44
            PRELIMINARY CONTEXT

            Screenshot below refers:

            Google sheets here

            IMPORTANT UPDATE: re: 2000+ rows, see link in my last comment (for OneDrive template, s.t. expiry, and bottom of this proposal for screenshot of error "too large to import")

            fyi: (Office 365 - Excel - fns. such as 'filter' etc., so #Name! will be ubiquitous upon opening this link; however, sharing this should serve as a convenient means to replicate above screenshot in the correct version of Excel)

            REQUIREMENTS
            1. Office 365
            2. Adequate space to the right or ability to utilise extra sheet for calcs as req.
            APPROACH

            High-level | Take-aways

            • Relies on 2 additional tables: Qty 'depletion' table (here - G:P) and corresp. Profit Vectors (here - R:Z)

            • Compressed representations (2x2 tables, per Summary Tables, here: rows 19:32) could be explored to simplify matters (albeit these are still Work in Progress ['WiP'])

            • VB could be attractive alternative too

            Low-level | Procedural

            1. Single-cell function could not be found without exceptional complication (however, suspect it could be possible e.g. using FilterXML?)
            2. Qty label transposes filtered negative quantities (grey shaded, G3: J3)
            3. These values are depleted in turn (from left to right, i.e. dependency on having data sorted in ascending order by date (in this depiction, data first sorted by 'fruit' as these are assumed to be independent in the context of the profit calc.)
            4. For example, -5 quantity (G3) offset by +10 (B3) to yield +5 which, in turn contributes towards the -35 qty (H3) to yield -30. No further contribution can be made (left to right); next row (5): +20 avail (given), no offset against -5 (G3, already 'reimbursed', so 20 offset against -30 (H4) to yield -10, and so forth.
            5. Worksheet set up to accommodate longer list of fruit / profits
            6. Result table of residual 'quantities' (~ G:J) applied to price differential to yield 'profit vectors' (R:U) which are summed against corresponding negative quantities to produce Profit score (yellow shaded cells)
            FUNCTIONS

            Salient functions (all of which should be available within Google Sheet, but for completeness):

            1) Profit calc. (E4, drag down):

            Source https://stackoverflow.com/questions/67930020

            QUESTION

            Does each `yield` of a synchronous generator unavoidably allocate a fresh `{value, done}` object?
            Asked 2021-Jun-13 at 03:59

            MDN says:

            The yield keyword causes the call to the generator's next() method to return an IteratorResult object with two properties: value and done. The value property is the result of evaluating the yield expression, and done is false, indicating that the generator function has not fully completed.

            I ran a test in Chrome 91.0.4472.77 and it appears to be a fresh object every single time. Which seems very wasteful if the processing is fine grained (high numbers of iterations, each with low computation). To avoid unpredictable throughput and GC jank, this is undesirable.

            To avoid this, I can define an iterator function, where I can control (ensure) the reuse of the {value, done} object by each next() causing the property values to be modified in place, ie. there's no memory allocation for a new {value, done} object.

            Am I missing something, or do generators have this inherent garbage producing nature? Which browsers are smart enough to not allocate a new {value, done} object if all I do is const {value, done} = generatorObject.next(); ie. I can't possibly gain a handle on the object, ie. no reason for the engine to allocate a fresh object?

            ...

            ANSWER

            Answered 2021-Jun-13 at 03:59

            It is a requirement of the ECMAScript specification for generators to allocate a new object for each yield, so all compliant JS engines have to do it.

            It is possible in theory for a JS engine to reuse a generator's result object if it can prove that the program's observable behavior would not change as a result of this optimization, such as when the only use of the generator is in a const {value, done} = generatorObject.next() statement. However, I am not aware of any engines (at least those that are used in popular web browsers) that do this. Optimizations like this are a very hard problem in JavaScript because of its dynamic nature.

            Source https://stackoverflow.com/questions/67953984

            QUESTION

            I can't win the banner with Socket in Perl
            Asked 2021-Jun-12 at 00:51

            I'm trying to connect to a server and earn the banner, but I'm not succeeding.

            My script runs in theory as follows:

            1. Get port and IP but I can use port e IP static on variables.

            2. Execute the socket, with timeout 7

            3. If connected

            4. Wait the response e use the handle <> to get banner

            5. Execute print to show banner.

            ...

            ANSWER

            Answered 2021-Jun-12 at 00:51

            http protocol expects a request from a client before it sends any reply.

            Try the following code snippet with ip address of your http server.

            Source https://stackoverflow.com/questions/67940432

            QUESTION

            SQLite “after update” trigger in Android does not appear to run after every record update
            Asked 2021-Jun-11 at 19:56

            QUESTION: What, if anything, could cause an SQLite trigger to only run some of the time?

            SUMMARY: I'm getting seemingly inconsistent results from a new trigger I've written in SQLite and I'd like to understand if this is happening because I've made a mistake in my SQL/Java code or if I've possibly encountered a rare scenario where SQL triggers may not work as expected.

            DETAILS: While working on an Android project I have encountered what I originally perceived to be a problem with an SQLite trigger. However, since my new trigger exactly matches several other working triggers in the same project (except for the table names) I am beginning to wonder if my Java code is the issue instead.

            The purpose of the trigger I am having trouble with is to monitor changes to TableA, such as the addition of a value in the DismissDateUTC column for example. When an update is made to any data in TableA, the trigger is supposed to put the ID of that updated TableA record into TableAChanges which is later used to determine which records were updated and should be sent back to a web server.

            When using the database inspector (in Android Studio v4.2.1) or the program “DB Browser for SQLite” and running an update query on TableA manually, the trigger works exactly as expected and records appear in TableAChanges. When I make updates to TableA programmatically, the trigger does not appear to run. I believe it is not running because no records are written to TableAChanges after updates have been written to TableA.

            Things I have tried so far:

            • Running the app on an Android 7.1.1 device (trigger is NOT working)
            • Running the app on an Android 8.1.0 device (trigger is NOT working)
            • Running the app on an Android 11 device (trigger is NOT working)
            • Running manual update query on TableA from Android Studio DB Inspector (trigger IS working)
            • Running manual update query on TableA from DB Browser for SQLite (trigger IS working)
            • Running manual update query on TableA from Android Debug Database by “amitshekhar” (trigger IS working)

            The Tables and Trigger SQL:

            ...

            ANSWER

            Answered 2021-Jun-11 at 17:25

            The reason that the trigger does not work is because it is an AFTER UPDATE trigger, which means that it will work only after the table is updated.

            On the other hand, replaceOrThrow() does not update the table.
            It is actually executing an INSERT OR REPLACE INTO... or simply REPLACE INTO... statement which either inserts a new row in the table if the new ID does not already exist in the table, or if it exists, deletes the row that contains the existing ID and inserts the new row.

            Source https://stackoverflow.com/questions/67940241

            QUESTION

            embracing operator inside mutate function
            Asked 2021-Jun-11 at 15:40

            I'm trying to write a function I'm frequently in my dissertation but having a hard time getting it to run.

            The code works but then fails once I run the function, I think, because of how R reads in the designated variable via the embracing function options. Here is the successful code for one variable, prburden and a link to sample data:

            ...

            ANSWER

            Answered 2021-Jun-11 at 05:48

            Community Discussions, Code Snippets contain sources that include Stack Exchange Network

            Vulnerabilities

            No vulnerabilities reported

            Install GAIN

            You can download it from GitHub.
            You can use GAIN like any standard Python library. You will need to make sure that you have a development environment consisting of a Python distribution including header files, a compiler, pip, and git installed. Make sure that your pip, setuptools, and wheel are up to date. When using pip it is generally recommended to install packages in a virtual environment to avoid changes to the system.

            Support

            For any new features, suggestions and bugs create an issue on GitHub. If you have any questions check and ask questions on community page Stack Overflow .
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            gh repo clone jsyoon0823/GAIN

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