hastie | A static site generator in Python
kandi X-RAY | hastie Summary
kandi X-RAY | hastie Summary
Hastie is a static site generator, it processes a folder of markdown text files, applies a template, and generates an HTML site.
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QUESTION
In relation to this post, the accepted answer explained the penalty and the loss in the regularisation problem of the SVM. However at the end the terms 'l1-loss', 'l2-loss' are used.
As I understand, the objective function in the regularisation problem is the sum of the loss function, e.g. the hinge loss:
\sum_i [1- y_i * f_i]_+
and the penalty term:
\lambda /2 ||\beta ||^2
By saying 'l1 hinge loss', can I interpreted it as l1-norm specified in argument 'penalty' applying to both the loss and the penalty terms?
In the regularisation problem below from the Elements of Statisical Learning (Hastie et al), is it the l1-loss being used?
...ANSWER
Answered 2021-Apr-23 at 05:30No, the L2 indicates what sort of penalty is applied, the hinge describes the nature of the loss term. Selecting L1 or L2 makes no change to the hinge-loss, they only effect the penalty term.
If you refer to the equation here: https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/svm.html#linearsvc for the default loss term of LinearSVC the left part is the penalty and is by default the L2 penalty applied to weights whilst the right part of the equation is the hinge-loss.
Checking the description of the penalty parameter here: https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/generated/sklearn.svm.LinearSVC.html
Specifies the norm used in the penalization.
In the example you provide above an L2 penalty is being used. An L1 penalty would be the sum of absolute values of the beta terms, what you have above is the sum of squared values.
QUESTION
Graphical Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator, has been introduced by Jerome Friedman, Trevor Hastie and Robert Tibshirani ("Sparse inverse covariance estimation with the graphical lasso",2014). They suggest the block coordinate-descent algorithm for the problem solution (see. "The Graphical Lasso: New Insights and Alternatives" by Rahul Mazumder and Trevor Hastie). I wrote this easy MATLAB code using CVX, given X
(regressor's matrix of size m,n
):
ANSWER
Answered 2021-Apr-09 at 21:34Provided
- There is a unique solution (which should be true if your objective is regularized, which it appears to be by the last term.)
- There are no bugs in either implementation.
Both implementations should return the exact same solution as the problem is a convex semidefinite program. The difference you should observe is
- Runtime, one will likely run longer than the other, I would bet your implementation uses a general-purpose solver package (CVX) so should be slower.
- Memory usage, once again, I would expect the general purpose (unutuned) package should consume more memory.
- Numerical stability, in general this some implementations will be much more numerically stable. That is, if you use a weak regularization (very small lambda) you may find that some implementations fail to converge while others still work.
For small and toy problems this should not be a big deal (which is usually the case if you are an academic.) If you are a person trying to do something useful in the real world, runtime & memory usage tend to be extremely important, as they control what size problems you can tackle with your approach.
The only way to know the relative limitations to each approach is to implement and try both! At the very least, I would implement and run both approaches as a sanity check that both implementations are likely correct (the chance of both implementations being incorrect and reporting the same results across a range on inputs is very low.)
QUESTION
Currently trying to create a heatmap of some genetic data. The columns are currently labeled s1, s2, s3, etc., but I also have a .txt file that has the correct corresponding labels for each sample. I'm not sure if I need to first modify the csv file with the levels of gene expression or if I can transfer them separately to the data frame I'm trying to prepare that will eventually be made into a heatmap. I'm also not sure exactly what the format of the dataframe should be. I would like to use ggplot2 to create the heatmap if that matters.
Here's my code so far:
...ANSWER
Answered 2021-Mar-30 at 18:48You will want to get your dataframe in "long" format to facilitate plotting. This is what's called Tidy Data and forms the basis for preparing data to be plotted using ggplot2
.
The general idea here is that you need one column for the x
value, one column for the y
value, and one column to represent the value used for the tile color. There are lots of ways to do this (see melt()
, pivot_longer()
...), but I like to use tidyr::gather()
. Since you're using rownames, instead of a column for gene, I'm first creating that as a column in your dataset.
QUESTION
My jobs have been suffering due to segmentation faults when calling glmnet (downloaded from here:http://web.stanford.edu/~hastie/glmnet_matlab/download.html) from my MATLAB code. I call the glmnet routine thousands of times. I have noticed the following peculiarities about the problem occurence:
- The problem is more frequent when the size of my input matrices are larger.
- I use both gaussian and poisson distribution in separate jobs, and I notice that the problem is more frequent when fitting the Poisson distribution (which also takes usually longer to converge, so might involve more loops internally?) Since there haven't been reports of segmentation faults for the R version for these two distributions, my suspicion is that the problem, likely a memory leak, might lie in the mex interface rather than the core glmnet Fortran code, which I am pasting below. Any insights into where a memory leak might be happening is greatly appreciated! Apologies for the lengthy code dump.
Thanks!
...ANSWER
Answered 2020-Jul-28 at 19:03First thing I would do is clean up the MATLAB API interface stuff. Remember that in Fortran you do not get automatic type promotion in function/subroutine argument lists like you do in C/C++. So it is important to get the signatures exact. You should NEVER be passing literal integers to MATLAB API functions. You should be passing variables that are typed exactly as the API specifies to ensure that there is not a mismatch. E.g., take this code:
QUESTION
I want to read the data in the following url into R but I couldn't do it. Does anyone have any idea about it?? Thanks! http://web.stanford.edu/~hastie/ElemStatLearn/ I need the data Ozone
...ANSWER
Answered 2020-Apr-25 at 18:03The data is hosted at http://web.stanford.edu/~hastie/ElemStatLearn/datasets/ozone.data
The values are tab-separated, so you can read it using read_tsv
from the readr package:
QUESTION
I have the following setup: a UICollectionView
with a custom cell, where the user can select multiple cells and then perform some heavy image operation. Now I try to update the selected cells which the user selected with the result of that operation, which will be produced by a function of the subclassed custom cell. For all visible cells, the function is called on button press by the user and for all other cells, this happens via cellForItemAt
in order to be most efficient.
However, I face the problem now, that the visible cells are all updated but then after scrolling the cells right behind or before the visible cells do not get updated via cellForItemAt
but only when scrolling forth and back. Please see the attached video.
For demonstration purposes I just show a green UIView
for the image operation. Because that operation is resource heavy, I cannot use any of the UICollectionView
reloadData or similar, as they would deselect the selected cells, and manual re-selection will cause flickering.
ViewController
...ANSWER
Answered 2020-Mar-02 at 20:40UICollectionView defaults to prefetchingEnabled
== YES
, which means that the collection view will request cells before it needs to display them. If the app's state changes such that the cells that have already been fetched need to be displayed differently, you can implement the collectionView:willDisplayCell:forItemAtIndexPath:
method to update the cell.
It looks like this is exactly your problem... you turn on a feature that should change the way the cells look, but the cells that have been fetched but which aren't visible don't get updated. Implementing collectionView:willDisplayCell:forItemAtIndexPath:
should solve the problem.
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You can use hastie like any standard Python library. You will need to make sure that you have a development environment consisting of a Python distribution including header files, a compiler, pip, and git installed. Make sure that your pip, setuptools, and wheel are up to date. When using pip it is generally recommended to install packages in a virtual environment to avoid changes to the system.
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