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Process MS results in R, in a tidy way
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QUESTION
I get the error: error on line 29 at column 33: AttValue: " or ' expected When I use any browser I recieve this error. However, two validators I use don't find any issues. The line of code it is referring to:
...ANSWER
Answered 2022-Apr-03 at 02:10I think the problem is actually this line:
QUESTION
I'm working on a procfs kernel extension for macOS and trying to implement a feature that emulates Linux’s /proc/cpuinfo similar to what FreeBSD does with its linprocfs. Since I'm trying to learn, and since not every bit of FreeBSD code can simply be copied over to XNU and be expected to work right out of the jar, I'm writing this feature from scratch, with FreeBSD and NetBSD's linux-based procfs features as a reference. Anyways...
Under Linux, $cat /proc/cpuinfo showes me something like this:
...ANSWER
Answered 2022-Mar-18 at 07:54There is no need to allocate memory for this task: pass a pointer to a local array along with its size and use strlcat
properly:
QUESTION
I am learning ARM baremetal development using QEMU as emulator. I am following this github repo as example.
The vectors are defined for EL1 :
...ANSWER
Answered 2022-Feb-14 at 11:59A start for debugging this is to turn on the tracing in QEMU of events related to the bcm2835 system timer, which I think is what your code is using. You can do that with the command line option -d trace:bcm2835_systmr*
. In particular the "timer #1 expired" (or whatever timer number it is) messages indicate that the timer has raised its interrupt. If the timer isn't raising the interrupt then you've programmed the timer wrongly; if it is then you've probably not set up the interrupt controller correctly.
You should probably also double-check that you're really executing in EL1 as you expect.
Older versions of QEMU supported the raspi3 board but did not implement this particular system timer device; so if you don't see timer expiry tracing then it's worth checking your QEMU is new enough. 6.2.0 definitely has this device implemented.
QUESTION
I'd like to use expand.grid
in vector to create all the combinations of the factors in myvec
, in a specific format and without duplicates. I try to:
ANSWER
Answered 2022-Feb-04 at 16:57If we need to create a single string for combinations from 2 to the length
of 'myvec', use combn
QUESTION
I am currently working on a measurement system that uses quantitative image analysis to find the diameter of plastic filament. Below are the original image and the processed binary image, using DipLib (PyDIP variant) to do so.
The ProblemOkay so that looks great, in my personal opinion. the next issue is I am trying to calculate the distance between the top edge and the bottom edge of the filament in the binary image. This was pretty simple to do using OpenCV, but with the limited functionality in the PyDIP variant of DipLib, I'm having a lot of trouble.
Potential SolutionLogically I think I can just scan down the columns of pixels and look for the first row the pixel changes from 0 to 255, and vice-versa for the bottom edge. Then I could take those values, somehow create a best-fit line, and then calculate the distance between them. Unfortunately I'm struggling with the first part of this. I was hoping someone with some experience might be able to help me out.
BackstoryI am using DipLib because OpenCV is great for detection, but not quantification. I have seen other examples such as this one here that uses the measure functions to get diameter from a similar setup.
My code: ...ANSWER
Answered 2022-Jan-02 at 22:56Here is how you can use the np.diff()
method to find the index of first row from where the pixel changes from 0 to 255, and vice-versa for the bottom edge (the cv2
is only there to read in the image and threshold it, which you have already accomplished using diplib
):
QUESTION
I wrote a small program to explore out-of-bounds reads vulnerabilities in C to better understand them; this program is intentionally buggy and has vulnerabilities:
...ANSWER
Answered 2021-Dec-31 at 23:21Since stdout
is line buffered, putchar
doesn't write to the terminal directly; it puts the character into a buffer, which is flushed when a newline is encountered. And the buffer for stdout
happens to be located on the heap following your heap_book
allocation.
So at some point in your copy, you putchar
all the characters of your secretinfo
method. They are now in the output buffer. A little later, heap_book[i]
is within the stdout
buffer itself, so you encounter the copy of secretinfo
that is there. When you putchar
it, you effectively create another copy a little further along in the buffer, and the process repeats.
You can verify this in your debugger. The address of the stdout buffer, on glibc, can be found with p stdout->_IO_buf_base
. In my test it's exactly 160 bytes past heap_book
.
QUESTION
In a 64 bit program the selector:offset used to get the stack protector is fs:0x28, where fs=0. This poses no problem because in 64 bit we have the MSR fs_base (which is set to point to the TLS) and the GDT is completely ignored.
But with 32 bit program the stack protector is read from gs:0x14. Running over a 64 bit system we have gs=0x63, on a 32 bit system gs=0x33. Here there are no MSRs because they were introduced in x86_64, so the GDT plays an important role here.
Dissecting this values we get for both cases a RPL=3 (which was expected), the descriptor table selector indicates GDT (LDT is not used in linux) and the selector points to the entry with index 12 for 64 bits and index 6 for 32 bits.
Using a kernel module I was able to check that this entry in 64-bit linux is NULL! So I don't understand how the address of the TLS is resolved.
The relevant part of the kernel module is the following:
...ANSWER
Answered 2021-Dec-10 at 21:18After the comment of @PeterCordes I searched in the "AMD64 Architecture Programmer's Manual, vol. 2", where in page 27 says:
Compatibility mode ignores the high 32 bits of base address in the FS and GS segment descriptors when calculating an effective address.
This implies that a 64-bit kernel managing a 32-bit process uses the MSR_*S_BASE
registers as it would for a 64-bit process. The kernel can set the segment bases normally while in 64-bit long mode, so it doesn't matter whether or not those MSRs are available in 32-bit compatibility sub-mode of long mode, or in pure 32-bit protected mode (legacy mode, 32-bit kernel). A 64-bit Linux kernel only uses compat mode for ring 3 (user-space) where wrmsr
and rdmsr
aren't available because of privileges. As always, segment-base settings persist across changes to privilege level, like returning to user-space with sysret
or iret
.
Another thing that made me think that this registers weren't used for compatibility-mode processes was GDB. This is what happens when trying to print this register while debugging a 32-bit program.:
QUESTION
I've started working with Puppeteer and for some reason I cannot get it to work on my box. This error seems to be a common problem (SO1, SO2) but all of the solutions do not solve this error for me. I have tested it with a clean node package (see reproduction) and I have taken the example from the official Puppeteer 'Getting started' webpage.
How can I resolve this error?
Versions and hardware ...ANSWER
Answered 2021-Nov-24 at 18:42There's too much for me to put this in a comment, so I will summarize here. Maybe it will help you, or someone else. I should also mention this is for RHEL EC2 instances behind a corporate proxy (not Arch Linux), but I still feel like it may help. I had to do the following to get puppeteer working. This is straight from my docs, but I had to hand-jam the contents because my docs are on an intranet.
I had to install all of these libraries manually. I also don't know what the Arch Linux equivalents are. Some are duplicates from your question, but I don't think they all are:
pango
libXcomposite
libXcursor
libXdamage
libXext
libXi
libXtst
cups-libs
libXScrnSaver
libXrandr
GConf2
alsa-lib
atk
gtk3
ipa-gothic-fonts
xorg-x11-fonts-100dpi
xorg-x11-fonts-75dpi
xorg-x11-utils
xorg-x11-fonts-cyrillic
xorg-x11-fonts-Type1
xorg-x11-fonts-misc
liberation-mono-fonts
liberation-narrow-fonts
liberation-narrow-fonts
liberation-sans-fonts
liberation-serif-fonts
glib2
If Arch Linux uses SELinux, you may also have to run this:
setsebool -P unconfirmed_chrome_sandbox_transition 0
It is also worth adding dumpio: true
to your options to debug. Should give you a more detailed output from puppeteer, instead of the generic error. As I mentioned in my comment. I have this option ignoreDefaultArgs: ['--disable-extensions']
. I can't tell you why because I don't remember. I think it is related to this issue, but also could be related to my corporate proxy.
QUESTION
The code I work on has a substantial amount of floating point arithmetic in it. We have test cases that record the output for given inputs and verify that we don't change the results too much. I had it suggested that I enable -march native to improve performance. However, with that enabled we get test failures because the results have changed. Do the instructions that will be used because of access to more modern hardware enabled by -march native reduce the amount of floating point error? Increase the amount of floating point error? Or a bit of both? Fused multiply add should reduce the amount of floating point error but is that typical of instructions added over time? Or have some instructions been added that while more efficient are less accurate?
The platform I am targeting is x86_64 Linux. The processor information according to /proc/cpuinfo
is:
ANSWER
Answered 2021-Nov-15 at 09:40-march native
means -march $MY_HARDWARE
. We have no idea what hardware you have. For you, that would be -march=skylake-avx512
(SkyLake SP) The results could be reproduced by specifying your hardware architecture explicitly.
It's quite possible that the errors will decrease with more modern instructions, specifically Fused-Multiply-and-Add (FMA). This is the operation a*b+c, but rounded once instead of twice. That saves one rounding error.
QUESTION
I try to make the mean, max, min and sd extraction inside 5-95 quantiles in a BigQuery server, but dplyr
verbs don't work and the output error is: x Syntax error: Expected ")" but got keyword AS at [1:117] [invalidQuery]
In my example:
...ANSWER
Answered 2021-Oct-01 at 05:41I tried reproducing your code and I noticed that R code is not properly translated to BQ query.
- Use
sd(.x)
since by default BQ (STTD_DEV) ignores the null values. - The function
quantis
is not created in BQ, thus it does not do its job and errors out. I'm not sure if R supports use of functions to BQ.
What I could suggest is instead of using native R operations use SQL statements to prevent incorrect translation of R to BigQuery operations. You can try creating a user defined function (your quantis
function) in BQ. In your select statement perform mean, max and sd on your fields. Filter using your UDF(quantis), group by age and espac. You can also try creating a VIEW that achieves most of your goal including WHERE clause on quantile. You can refer to this document for reference on how to use BigQuery in R.
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