units | Units of Measure for Rust

 by   Boddlnagg Rust Version: Current License: MIT

kandi X-RAY | units Summary

kandi X-RAY | units Summary

units is a Rust library. units has no bugs, it has no vulnerabilities, it has a Permissive License and it has low support. You can download it from GitHub.

Units of Measure for Rust. Easy to use, type-safe and customizable.
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              units has a low active ecosystem.
              It has 42 star(s) with 1 fork(s). There are 5 watchers for this library.
              OutlinedDot
              It had no major release in the last 6 months.
              There are 4 open issues and 0 have been closed. There are 1 open pull requests and 0 closed requests.
              It has a neutral sentiment in the developer community.
              The latest version of units is current.

            kandi-Quality Quality

              units has 0 bugs and 0 code smells.

            kandi-Security Security

              units has no vulnerabilities reported, and its dependent libraries have no vulnerabilities reported.
              units code analysis shows 0 unresolved vulnerabilities.
              There are 0 security hotspots that need review.

            kandi-License License

              units is licensed under the MIT License. This license is Permissive.
              Permissive licenses have the least restrictions, and you can use them in most projects.

            kandi-Reuse Reuse

              units releases are not available. You will need to build from source code and install.
              Installation instructions are not available. Examples and code snippets are available.

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            units Key Features

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            units Examples and Code Snippets

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            Community Discussions

            QUESTION

            JMH using java 17, no dead code elimination
            Asked 2022-Feb-09 at 17:17

            I run sample JHM benchmark which suppose to show dead code elimination. Code is rewritten for conciseness from jhm github sample.

            ...

            ANSWER

            Answered 2022-Feb-09 at 17:17

            Those samples depend on JDK internals.

            Looks like since JDK 9 and JDK-8152907, Math.log is no longer intrinsified into C2 intermediate representation. Instead, a direct call to a quick LIBM-backed stub is made. This is usually faster for the code that actually uses the result. Notice how measureCorrect is faster in JDK 17 output in your case.

            But for JMH samples, it limits the the compiler optimizations around the Math.log, and dead code / folding samples do not work properly. The fix it to make samples that do not rely on JDK internals without a good reason, and instead use a custom written payload.

            This is being done in JMH here:

            Source https://stackoverflow.com/questions/71044636

            QUESTION

            Missing bounds checking elimination in String constructor?
            Asked 2022-Jan-30 at 21:18

            Looking into UTF8 decoding performance, I noticed the performance of protobuf's UnsafeProcessor::decodeUtf8 is better than String(byte[] bytes, int offset, int length, Charset charset) for the following non ascii string: "Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med flØde, mens cirkusklovnen".

            I tried to figure out why, so I copied the relevant code in String and replaced the array accesses with unsafe array accesses, same as UnsafeProcessor::decodeUtf8. Here are the JMH benchmark results:

            ...

            ANSWER

            Answered 2022-Jan-12 at 09:52

            To measure the branch you are interested in and particularly the scenario when while loop becomes hot, I've used the following benchmark:

            Source https://stackoverflow.com/questions/70272651

            QUESTION

            Possible ODR-violations when using a constexpr variable in the definition of an inline function (in C++14)
            Asked 2022-Jan-12 at 10:38

            (Note! This question particularly covers the state of C++14, before the introduction of inline variables in C++17)

            TLDR; Question
            • What constitutes odr-use of a constexpr variable used in the definition of an inline function, such that multiple definitions of the function violates [basic.def.odr]/6?

            (... likely [basic.def.odr]/3; but could this silently introduce UB in a program as soon as, say, the address of such a constexpr variable is taken in the context of the inline function's definition?)

            TLDR example: does a program where doMath() defined as follows:

            ...

            ANSWER

            Answered 2021-Sep-08 at 16:34

            In the OP's example with std::max, an ODR violation does indeed occur, and the program is ill-formed NDR. To avoid this issue, you might consider one of the following fixes:

            • give the doMath function internal linkage, or
            • move the declaration of kTwo inside doMath

            A variable that is used by an expression is considered to be odr-used unless there is a certain kind of simple proof that the reference to the variable can be replaced by the compile-time constant value of the variable without changing the result of the expression. If such a simple proof exists, then the standard requires the compiler perform such a replacement; consequently the variable is not odr-used (in particular, it does not require a definition, and the issue described by the OP would be avoided because none of the translation units in which doMath is defined would actually reference a definition of kTwo). If the expression is too complicated, however, then all bets are off. The compiler might still replace the variable with its value, in which case the program may work as you expect; or the program may exhibit bugs or crash. That's the reality with IFNDR programs.

            The case where the variable is immediately passed by reference to a function, with the reference binding directly, is one common case where the variable is used in a way that is too complicated and the compiler is not required to determine whether or not it may be replaced by its compile-time constant value. This is because doing so would necessarily require inspecting the definition of the function (such as std::max in this example).

            You can "help" the compiler by writing int(kTwo) and using that as the argument to std::max as opposed to kTwo itself; this prevents an odr-use since the lvalue-to-rvalue conversion is now immediately applied prior to calling the function. I don't think this is a great solution (I recommend one of the two solutions that I previously mentioned) but it has its uses (GoogleTest uses this in order to avoid introducing odr-uses in statements like EXPECT_EQ(2, kTwo)).

            If you want to know more about how to understand the precise definition of odr-use, involving "potential results of an expression e...", that would be best addressed with a separate question.

            Source https://stackoverflow.com/questions/69105602

            QUESTION

            Picking out peaks that fit a pattern
            Asked 2022-Jan-11 at 20:27

            I've got data with time (seconds) on the x axis and intensity (in relative fluorescent units, or rfu) on the y-axis. It's generated by watching fragments of DNA pass a camera - the bigger the DNA fragment the bigger the time. There are 23 fragments of known size (in DNA base pair units, bp), and therefore there should be 23 peaks. As I know the size of the DNA fragments in bp, I want to recalibrate the x-axis from time (seconds) to base pairs (bp) using a linear model.

            Unfortunately there is quite a lot of noise in the data that produces spurious peaks. The only way to confidently tell the true ones from the false ones is that the false ones don't fit the expected pattern in DNA base pairs.

            I've provided data from one sample at this link in a data frame called demo. Unfortunately it's too large to paste below.

            https://1drv.ms/t/s!AvBi5ipmBYfrhf0v_kvWuN2foLyBgg?e=RWfdXZ

            I can pick out all the peaks as follows.

            ...

            ANSWER

            Answered 2022-Jan-04 at 18:39

            Before plotting, doing some data manipulation to pull out the maximum value for each of the 23 DNA fragment groups with base R max function, and adding the max plot with additional geom_ layer for the max values.

            Here is small reprex example that plots the max value for each group with "red".

            Source https://stackoverflow.com/questions/70582716

            QUESTION

            Succinctly Reproducing the following graph with R and ggplot2
            Asked 2021-Dec-27 at 22:55

            I borrowed the R code from the link and produced the following graph:

            Using the same idea, I tried with my data as follows:

            ...

            ANSWER

            Answered 2021-Dec-27 at 22:55

            You can do calculations within a function for the x and y values to construct the ggplot which extends the circle all the way round and gives labels correct heights.

            I've adapted a function to work with other datasets. This takes a dataset in a tidy format, with:

            • a 'year' column
            • one row per 'event'
            • a grouping variable (such as country)

            I've used Nobel laurate data from here as an example dataset to show the function in practice. Data setup:

            Source https://stackoverflow.com/questions/70393322

            QUESTION

            Are codatatypes really terminal algebras?
            Asked 2021-Nov-27 at 00:22

            (Disclaimer: I'm not 100% sure how codatatype works, especially when not referring to terminal algebras).

            Consider the "category of types", something like Hask but with whatever adjustment that fits the discussion. Within such a category, it is said that (1) the initial algebras define datatypes, and (2) terminal algebras define codatatypes.

            I'm struggling to convince myself of (2).

            Consider the functor T(t) = 1 + a * t. I agree that the initial T-algebra is well-defined and indeed defines [a], the list of a. By definition, the initial T-algebra is a type X together with a function f :: 1+a*X -> X, such that for any other type Y and function g :: 1+a*Y -> Y, there is exactly one function m :: X -> Y such that m . f = g . T(m) (where . denotes the function combination operator as in Haskell). With f interpreted as the list constructor(s), g the initial value and the step function, and T(m) the recursion operation, the equation essentially asserts the unique existance of the function m given any initial value and any step function defined in g, which necessitates an underlying well-behaved fold together with the underlying type, the list of a.

            For example, g :: Unit + (a, Nat) -> Nat could be () -> 0 | (_,n) -> n+1, in which case m defines the length function, or g could be () -> 0 | (_,n) -> 0, then m defines a constant zero function. An important fact here is that, for whatever g, m can always be uniquely defined, just as fold does not impose any contraint on its arguments and always produce a unique well-defined result.

            This does not seem to hold for terminal algebras.

            Consider the same functor T defined above. The definition of the terminal T-algebra is the same as the initial one, except that m is now of type X -> Y and the equation now becomes m . g = f . T(m). It is said that this should define a potentially infinite list.

            I agree that this is sometimes true. For example, when g :: Unit + (Unit, Int) -> Int is defined as () -> 0 | (_,n) -> n+1 like before, m then behaves such that m(0) = () and m(n+1) = Cons () m(n). For non-negative n, m(n) should be a finite list of units. For any negative n, m(n) should be of infinite length. It can be verified that the equation above holds for such g and m.

            With any of the two following modified definition of g, however, I don't see any well-defined m anymore.

            First, when g is again () -> 0 | (_,n) -> n+1 but is of type g :: Unit + (Bool, Int) -> Int, m must satisfy that m(g((b,i))) = Cons b m(g(i)), which means that the result depends on b. But this is impossible, because m(g((b,i))) is really just m(i+1) which has no mentioning of b whatsoever, so the equation is not well-defined.

            Second, when g is again of type g :: Unit + (Unit, Int) -> Int but is defined as the constant zero function g _ = 0, m must satisfy that m(g(())) = Nil and m(g(((),i))) = Cons () m(g(i)), which are contradictory because their left hand sides are the same, both being m(0), while the right hand sides are never the same.

            In summary, there are T-algebras that have no morphism into the supposed terminal T-algebra, which implies that the terminal T-algebra does not exist. The theoretical modeling of the codatatype Stream (or infinite list), if any, cannot be based on the nonexistant terminal algebra of the functor T(t) = 1 + a * t.

            Many thanks to any hint of any flaw in the story above.

            ...

            ANSWER

            Answered 2021-Nov-26 at 19:57

            (2) terminal algebras define codatatypes.

            This is not right, codatatypes are terminal coalgebras. For your T functor, a coalgebra is a type x together with f :: x -> T x. A T-coalgebra morphism between (x1, f1) and (x2, f2) is a g :: x1 -> x2 such that fmap g . f1 = f2 . g. Using this definition, the terminal T-algebra defines the possibly infinite lists (so-called "colists"), and the terminality is witnessed by the unfold function:

            Source https://stackoverflow.com/questions/70128628

            QUESTION

            Disabling the "Length Authoring Tools" (css unit selector) in Chrome Devtools Inspector
            Asked 2021-Nov-18 at 14:28

            The undesired functionality
            In Chrome 95 there was introduced new functionality where the user can hover and click on the unit part of a css value to hotswap the unit.
            The feature is part of a package solution that has been labeled "Length Authoring Tools" in the release notes, and can be seen in action and described in detail in the release notes on the official blog.

            How can this feature be disabled?

            Issue 1:

            If a css-line in the inspector says padding: 0 10px; then the user can click the px-part of the line and open a selector that let's the user swap px to other units such as rem,vmax or in.
            Clicking this part of the value no longer lets the user edit the entire value quickly. Most users already know what unit they desire to use beforehand, so they do not need to be helped to accidentally select pt or vw when working exclusively with px everywhere else.

            Issue 2:

            When selecting and copying properties from the inspector there is now inserted whitespaces/new lines between the value and the unit since the unit portion seems to be considered a separate element. This makes prototyping in the devtools and copy/pasting to external documents very tedious and broken.

            ...

            ANSWER

            Answered 2021-Nov-18 at 14:28

            Updated answer 2021-11-16:

            An option has been added to disable Length Authoring Tools in Chrome 96.

            The following is mentioned in the official release notes for Chrome 96.

            To disable Length Authoring Tools, navigate to this location in the DevTools and uncheck the checkbox:
            Settings > Experiments > Enable CSS length authoring tools in the Styles pane.


            But... The main issues regarding Length Authoring Tools have also been fully remedied in Chrome 96.

            The initial incentive to disable these tools has been greatly diminished because of this.

            A chevron will now appear to the right of the hovered value instead of reacting to clicks to the entire unit portion of it.

            Copy paste now also works as intended.


            Conclusion:
            It is now possible to disable the Length Authoring Tools, but you might no longer need to.


            Old answer:

            You can't. (Though fixes are coming!)
            It is not possible to toggle this feature in the current live stable release ( Chrome 95.0.4638.69 ).

            Fixes have been added to Chromium ( [1], [2], [3] ) that are slowly making their way to the stable release of Chrome.

            But help is on its way...

            Chrome 96 is scheduled to be released on November 16 2021 (source), or ~3 weeks after October 28 according to this official tweet. It will at least contain a revert to free text editing of css properties (source). Hopefully version 96 will address the issue completely, but if it doesn't then the next major release is scheduled for January 4 2021 (If this issue is unresolved by then somebody at Google should be fired).

            As for now, Chrome Canary seems to have these fixes implemented and might be considered an alternative solution to the issue if you find the current state of Length Authoring Tools unbearable.

            Please be advised that Chrome Canary can be quite unstable.



            This question and answer will be edited and corrected once there are real fixes in the live stable version.

            Source https://stackoverflow.com/questions/69719071

            QUESTION

            R: split-apply-combine for geographic distance
            Asked 2021-Nov-17 at 17:53

            I have downloaded a list of all the towns and cities etc in the US from the census bureau. Here is a random sample:

            ...

            ANSWER

            Answered 2021-Nov-12 at 22:48

            I have such a solution. And I'm surprised myself that I used two loops for!! Incredibly, I did it. First things first.

            My proposal is based on a simplification. However, the mistake you will make at short distances will be relatively small. But the time gain is huge!

            Well, I propose to count the distance in Cartesian coordinates, not spherical.

            So we're going to need a simple function that computes the Cartesian coordinates based on the two arguments latitude and longitude. Here is our LatLong2Cart feature.

            Source https://stackoverflow.com/questions/69915845

            QUESTION

            Identity of unnamed enums with no enumerators
            Asked 2021-Oct-26 at 12:10

            Consider a program with the following two translation units:

            ...

            ANSWER

            Answered 2021-Oct-26 at 07:51

            This program is well-formed and prints 1, as seen. Because S is defined identically in both translation units with external linkage, it is as if there is one definition of S ([basic.def.odr]/14) and thus only one enumeration type is defined. (In practice it is mangled based on the name S or S::x.)

            This is just the same phenomenon as static local variables and lambdas being shared among the definitions of an inline function:

            Source https://stackoverflow.com/questions/69714747

            QUESTION

            How to Fillet (round) Interior Angles of SF line intersections
            Asked 2021-Oct-17 at 12:11

            I am working with OSM data to create vector street maps. For the roads, I use line geometry provided by OSM and add a buffer to convert the line to geometry that looks like a road.

            My question is related to geometry, not OSM, so I will use basic lines for simplicity.

            ...

            ANSWER

            Answered 2021-Oct-16 at 14:36

            You can buffer the lines and then negative buffer that result:

            Source https://stackoverflow.com/questions/69578732

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            Install units

            You can download it from GitHub.
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