multi-paxos | An implementation of Atomic Broadcast using Multi-Paxos | Machine Learning library

 by   nbro Rust Version: Current License: MIT

kandi X-RAY | multi-paxos Summary

kandi X-RAY | multi-paxos Summary

multi-paxos is a Rust library typically used in Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, Deep Learning applications. multi-paxos has no bugs, it has no vulnerabilities, it has a Permissive License and it has low support. You can download it from GitHub.

In distributed computing, an atomic broadcast (AB) is a type of broadcast (that is, a method of sending a message to all recipients simultaneously) where all correct processes (or, in general, nodes), among n processes (of which f are faulty), receive the same set of messages, in the same order, or they receive none of the messages (hence the adjective "atomic"). More specifically, if a process p atomically broadcast message a, b and c, then all n - f correct processes receive the messages a, b and c, in some order (e.g. [b, a, c]), which is equal to the order received by the other processes. A faulty process is a process that eventually crashes (i.e. stops and, in this case, does not recover). A correct process is a non-faulty process. Note that, in this setting, using just a simple broadcast, nodes may receive messages out-of-order (or, in general, asynchronously), because messages can be lost while being sent through the network or they can undergo arbitrarily delays (e.g. because of congestions in the network). Therefore, if a process p just sent the messages in the order a, b and c, it would not be guaranteed that the messages would be received in that order (i.e. [a, b, c]), by all other processes. Hence the need to implement more sophisticated algorithms to guarantee e.g. atomicity. Given that AB and consensus are known to be "equivalent" problems (see Unreliable failure detectors for reliable distributed systems by Tushar Deepak Chandra and Sam Toueg, for more info), we can use an algorithm (or a modification of it) which solves consensus to implement AB (or vice-versa). Consensus is the problem of agreeing on one value (e.g. a number) among a group of participants (e.g. processes). A famous algorithm which solves consensus is called Paxos. To agree on a set of values (instead of just one), we can run an "instance" of the consensus algorithm for each of the values in the set. A common algorithm to solve this problem of agreeing on multiple values ("multi-consensus") is called Multi-Paxos. More specifically, we can implement AB using an algorithm (or a modification of it) which implements consensus as follows. Suppose that each process initially has the set of messages M = {a, b, c}. Given that this is a set, the order of the messages is not pre-determined. We want to agree on an order of the messages in M. More specifically, we want all correct processes to either receive (or decide) one (and only one!) of the following sequences [a, b, c], [a, c, b], [b, a, c], [b, c, a], [c, a, b], [c, b, a]. To do that, we can start an "instance" of the consensus algorithm for each element in the sequence. For example, initially, process p may "propose" a, whereas process q may propose b. After one "instance" of the consensus algorithm, all processes have either decided a or (exclusive) b, say, it is b. At that point, all correct processes know that b is the first element of the sequence; so they also know that the order of a and c has not yet been decided. After that, another "instance" of the consensus algorithm is started. Without loss of generality, assume that, in this instance, the value decided is a, then the second element of the sequence is a. At this point, all correct processes know that the sequence of messages atomically broadcast so far is [b, a]. Given that there are only 3 messages, the processes actually know that the final sequence of atomically broadcast messages must be [b, a, c], that is, they can just use |M| - 1 instances of the basic consensus algorithm to atomically broadcast |M| messages. This is the idea behind "Multi-Paxos", which uses the basic Paxos algorithm to agree on one value.
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              multi-paxos has a low active ecosystem.
              It has 3 star(s) with 1 fork(s). There are 2 watchers for this library.
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              It had no major release in the last 6 months.
              multi-paxos has no issues reported. There are no pull requests.
              It has a neutral sentiment in the developer community.
              The latest version of multi-paxos is current.

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              multi-paxos has no bugs reported.

            kandi-Security Security

              multi-paxos has no vulnerabilities reported, and its dependent libraries have no vulnerabilities reported.

            kandi-License License

              multi-paxos is licensed under the MIT License. This license is Permissive.
              Permissive licenses have the least restrictions, and you can use them in most projects.

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              multi-paxos releases are not available. You will need to build from source code and install.
              Installation instructions, examples and code snippets are available.

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            Community Discussions

            QUESTION

            Using RNN Trained Model without pytorch installed
            Asked 2022-Feb-28 at 20:17

            I have trained an RNN model with pytorch. I need to use the model for prediction in an environment where I'm unable to install pytorch because of some strange dependency issue with glibc. However, I can install numpy and scipy and other libraries. So, I want to use the trained model, with the network definition, without pytorch.

            I have the weights of the model as I save the model with its state dict and weights in the standard way, but I can also save it using just json/pickle files or similar.

            I also have the network definition, which depends on pytorch in a number of ways. This is my RNN network definition.

            ...

            ANSWER

            Answered 2022-Feb-17 at 10:47

            You should try to export the model using torch.onnx. The page gives you an example that you can start with.

            An alternative is to use TorchScript, but that requires torch libraries.

            Both of these can be run without python. You can load torchscript in a C++ application https://pytorch.org/tutorials/advanced/cpp_export.html

            ONNX is much more portable and you can use in languages such as C#, Java, or Javascript https://onnxruntime.ai/ (even on the browser)

            A running example

            Just modifying a little your example to go over the errors I found

            Notice that via tracing any if/elif/else, for, while will be unrolled

            Source https://stackoverflow.com/questions/71146140

            QUESTION

            Flux.jl : Customizing optimizer
            Asked 2022-Jan-25 at 07:58

            I'm trying to implement a gradient-free optimizer function to train convolutional neural networks with Julia using Flux.jl. The reference paper is this: https://arxiv.org/abs/2005.05955. This paper proposes RSO, a gradient-free optimization algorithm updates single weight at a time on a sampling bases. The pseudocode of this algorithm is depicted in the picture below.

            optimizer_pseudocode

            I'm using MNIST dataset.

            ...

            ANSWER

            Answered 2022-Jan-14 at 23:47

            Based on the paper you shared, it looks like you need to change the weight arrays per each output neuron per each layer. Unfortunately, this means that the implementation of your optimization routine is going to depend on the layer type, since an "output neuron" for a convolution layer is quite different than a fully-connected layer. In other words, just looping over Flux.params(model) is not going to be sufficient, since this is just a set of all the weight arrays in the model and each weight array is treated differently depending on which layer it comes from.

            Fortunately, Julia's multiple dispatch does make this easier to write if you use separate functions instead of a giant loop. I'll summarize the algorithm using the pseudo-code below:

            Source https://stackoverflow.com/questions/70641453

            QUESTION

            How can I check a confusion_matrix after fine-tuning with custom datasets?
            Asked 2021-Nov-24 at 13:26

            This question is the same with How can I check a confusion_matrix after fine-tuning with custom datasets?, on Data Science Stack Exchange.

            Background

            I would like to check a confusion_matrix, including precision, recall, and f1-score like below after fine-tuning with custom datasets.

            Fine tuning process and the task are Sequence Classification with IMDb Reviews on the Fine-tuning with custom datasets tutorial on Hugging face.

            After finishing the fine-tune with Trainer, how can I check a confusion_matrix in this case?

            An image of confusion_matrix, including precision, recall, and f1-score original site: just for example output image

            ...

            ANSWER

            Answered 2021-Nov-24 at 13:26

            What you could do in this situation is to iterate on the validation set(or on the test set for that matter) and manually create a list of y_true and y_pred.

            Source https://stackoverflow.com/questions/68691450

            QUESTION

            CUDA OOM - But the numbers don't add upp?
            Asked 2021-Nov-23 at 06:13

            I am trying to train a model using PyTorch. When beginning model training I get the following error message:

            RuntimeError: CUDA out of memory. Tried to allocate 5.37 GiB (GPU 0; 7.79 GiB total capacity; 742.54 MiB already allocated; 5.13 GiB free; 792.00 MiB reserved in total by PyTorch)

            I am wondering why this error is occurring. From the way I see it, I have 7.79 GiB total capacity. The numbers it is stating (742 MiB + 5.13 GiB + 792 MiB) do not add up to be greater than 7.79 GiB. When I check nvidia-smi I see these processes running

            ...

            ANSWER

            Answered 2021-Nov-23 at 06:13

            This is more of a comment, but worth pointing out.

            The reason in general is indeed what talonmies commented, but you are summing up the numbers incorrectly. Let's see what happens when tensors are moved to GPU (I tried this on my PC with RTX2060 with 5.8G usable GPU memory in total):

            Let's run the following python commands interactively:

            Source https://stackoverflow.com/questions/70074789

            QUESTION

            How to compare baseline and GridSearchCV results fair?
            Asked 2021-Nov-04 at 21:17

            I am a bit confusing with comparing best GridSearchCV model and baseline.
            For example, we have classification problem.
            As a baseline, we'll fit a model with default settings (let it be logistic regression):

            ...

            ANSWER

            Answered 2021-Nov-04 at 21:17

            No, they aren't comparable.

            Your baseline model used X_train to fit the model. Then you're using the fitted model to score the X_train sample. This is like cheating because the model is going to already perform the best since you're evaluating it based on data that it has already seen.

            The grid searched model is at a disadvantage because:

            1. It's working with less data since you have split the X_train sample.
            2. Compound that with the fact that it's getting trained with even less data due to the 5 folds (it's training with only 4/5 of X_val per fold).

            So your score for the grid search is going to be worse than your baseline.

            Now you might ask, "so what's the point of best_model.best_score_? Well, that score is used to compare all the models used when searching for the optimal hyperparameters in your search space, but in no way should be used to compare against a model that was trained outside of the grid search context.

            So how should one go about conducting a fair comparison?

            1. Split your training data for both models.

            Source https://stackoverflow.com/questions/69844028

            QUESTION

            Getting Error 524 while running jupyter lab in google cloud platform
            Asked 2021-Oct-15 at 02:14

            I am not able to access jupyter lab created on google cloud

            I created one notebook using Google AI platform. I was able to start it and work but suddenly it stopped and I am not able to start it now. I tried building and restarting the jupyterlab, but of no use. I have checked my disk usages as well, which is only 12%.

            I tried the diagnostic tool, which gave the following result:

            but didn't fix it.

            Thanks in advance.

            ...

            ANSWER

            Answered 2021-Aug-20 at 14:00

            QUESTION

            TypeError: brain.NeuralNetwork is not a constructor
            Asked 2021-Sep-29 at 22:47

            I am new to Machine Learning.

            Having followed the steps in this simple Maching Learning using the Brain.js library, it beats my understanding why I keep getting the error message below:

            I have double-checked my code multiple times. This is particularly frustrating as this is the very first exercise!

            Kindly point out what I am missing here!

            Find below my code:

            ...

            ANSWER

            Answered 2021-Sep-29 at 22:47

            Turns out its just documented incorrectly.

            In reality the export from brain.js is this:

            Source https://stackoverflow.com/questions/69348213

            QUESTION

            Ordinal Encoding or One-Hot-Encoding
            Asked 2021-Sep-04 at 06:43

            IF we are not sure about the nature of categorical features like whether they are nominal or ordinal, which encoding should we use? Ordinal-Encoding or One-Hot-Encoding? Is there a clearly defined rule on this topic?

            I see a lot of people using Ordinal-Encoding on Categorical Data that doesn't have a Direction. Suppose a frequency table:

            ...

            ANSWER

            Answered 2021-Sep-04 at 06:43

            You're right. Just one thing to consider for choosing OrdinalEncoder or OneHotEncoder is that does the order of data matter?

            Most ML algorithms will assume that two nearby values are more similar than two distant values. This may be fine in some cases e.g., for ordered categories such as:

            • quality = ["bad", "average", "good", "excellent"] or
            • shirt_size = ["large", "medium", "small"]

            but it is obviously not the case for the:

            • color = ["white","orange","black","green"]

            column (except for the cases you need to consider a spectrum, say from white to black. Note that in this case, white category should be encoded as 0 and black should be encoded as the highest number in your categories), or if you have some cases for example, say, categories 0 and 4 may be more similar than categories 0 and 1. To fix this issue, a common solution is to create one binary attribute per category (One-Hot encoding)

            Source https://stackoverflow.com/questions/69052776

            QUESTION

            How to increase dimension-vector size of BERT sentence-transformers embedding
            Asked 2021-Aug-15 at 13:35

            I am using sentence-transformers for semantic search but sometimes it does not understand the contextual meaning and returns wrong result eg. BERT problem with context/semantic search in italian language

            by default the vector side of embedding of the sentence is 78 columns, so how do I increase that dimension so that it can understand the contextual meaning in deep.

            code:

            ...

            ANSWER

            Answered 2021-Aug-10 at 07:39

            Increasing the dimension of a trained model is not possible (without many difficulties and re-training the model). The model you are using was pre-trained with dimension 768, i.e., all weight matrices of the model have a corresponding number of trained parameters. Increasing the dimensionality would mean adding parameters which however need to be learned.

            Also, the dimension of the model does not reflect the amount of semantic or context information in the sentence representation. The choice of the model dimension reflects more a trade-off between model capacity, the amount of training data, and reasonable inference speed.

            If the model that you are using does not provide representation that is semantically rich enough, you might want to search for better models, such as RoBERTa or T5.

            Source https://stackoverflow.com/questions/68686272

            QUESTION

            How to identify what features affect predictions result?
            Asked 2021-Aug-11 at 15:55

            I have a table with features that were used to build some model to predict whether user will buy a new insurance or not. In the same table I have probability of belonging to the class 1 (will buy) and class 0 (will not buy) predicted by this model. I don't know what kind of algorithm was used to build this model. I only have its predicted probabilities.

            Question: how to identify what features affect these prediction results? Do I need to build correlation matrix or conduct any tests?

            Table example:

            ...

            ANSWER

            Answered 2021-Aug-11 at 15:55

            You could build a model like this.

            x = features you have. y = true_lable

            from that you can extract features importance. also, if you want to go the extra mile,you can do Bootstrapping, so that the features importance would be more stable (statistical).

            Source https://stackoverflow.com/questions/68744565

            Community Discussions, Code Snippets contain sources that include Stack Exchange Network

            Vulnerabilities

            No vulnerabilities reported

            Install multi-paxos

            Before proceeding, you first need to install the Rust compiler, rustc, and the Rust package manager, cargo (if you don't have them installed yet). Please, follow the instructions at https://www.rust-lang.org/tools/install (which will tell you to actually install first rustup). If you have any problems during the installation of these tools, please, contact me.

            Support

            Not all tests are passing, IF the number of proposals for each client is greater, say, than 100-200. I am not sure if this is a problem related to the implementation of the algorithm itself or related to the implementation of the struct which is responsible for sending and receiving messages using the UDP sockets (i.e., some kind of "buffering" problem?) Anyway, I'm not sure if the implementation would always pass the tests if the number of client proposals is 100 or less.
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