tiny | A terminal IRC client | Chat library

I am missing something trivial

Method equals() should be used for object comparison. Double equals == checks whether two references point to the same object in memory.

If you change the condition inside the comparator to !a.get(0).equals(b.get(0)) it will work correctly.

However, (10001, -10) was put before (10001, -8). Even though -8 is larger than -10.

The reason for such behavior is that JVM caches all the instances of Integer (as well as Byte, Short and Long) in the range [-128; 127]. I.e. these instances are reused, the result of autoboxing of let's say int with a value of 12 will be always the same object.

Because small values in your example like 3, 5, 12 will be represented by a single object, they were compared with == without issues. But the result of comparison with == for two Integer instances with a value of 10001 will be false because in this case there will be two distinct objects in the heap.

The approach of caching frequently used objects is called the Flyweight design pattern. It's very rarely used in Java because this pattern can bring benefits when tons of identical objects are being created and destroyed. Only in such a case caching these objects will pay off with a significant performance improvement. As far as I know, it's used in game development.

Point must be an object, not a list, as Code-Apprentice has pointed out in his answer. Use the power of objects and don't overuse collections. It brings several advantages:

• class provides you a structure, it's easier to organize your code when you are thinking in terms of objects;
• behavior declared inside a class is reusable and easier to test;
• with classes, you can use the power of polymorphism.

Caution: objects could be also misused, one of the possible indicators of that is when a class doesn't declare any behavior apart from getters and its data is being processed somehow in the code outside this class.

Although the notion of point (as a geometrical object) isn't complicated, there are some useful options with regard to methods. For example, you could make instances of the Point class to be able to check to whether they are aligned horizontally or vertically, or whether two points are within a particular radius. And Point class can implement Comparable interface so that points will be able to compare themselves without a Comparator.

With Java 8 method sort() was added to the List interface. It expects an instance of Comparator, and if element of the list implement comparable, and you want them to be sorted according to the natural order null can be passed as an argument.

If the specified comparator is null then all elements in this list must implement the Comparable interface and the elements' natural ordering should be used.

So instead of using utility class Collections you can invoke method sort() directly on a list of points (assuming that Point implements Comparable):

If you switch from coord_polar to coord_curvedpolar from the geomtextpath package, you can have curved labels that never overlap the plotting area. The problem you describe was the main reason for writing coord_curvedpolar in the first place.

In addition, the x axis labels are adjustable in the radial direction using the vjust setting inside theme(axis.text.x = element_text(...)).

No other parts of your code need to change, and the other elements of the plot are exactly the same as they would be with coord_polar.

I think this makes for a much nicer looking plot (though I am possibly biased...)

You can set the ticks.colour= within guide_colorbar() by referencing via guides()... here ya go:

Just return the result from the match - there's no need to declare a variable:

In short, since 3.8, CPython uses the spawn start method on MacOs. Before it used the fork method.

On UNIX platforms, the fork start method is used which means that every new multiprocessing process is an exact copy of the parent at the time of the fork.

The spawn method means that it starts a new Python interpreter for each new multiprocessing process. According to the documentation:

The child process will only inherit those resources necessary to run the process object’s run() method.

It will import your program into this new interpreter, so starting processes et cetera sould only be done from within the if __name__ == '__main__':-block!

This means you cannot count on variables from the parent process being available in the children, unless they are module level constants which would be imported.

So the change is significant.

What can be done?

If the required information could be a module-level constant, that would solve the problem in the simplest way.

If that is not possible (e.g. because the data needs to be generated at runtime) you could have the parent write the information to be shared to a file. E.g. in JSON format and before it starts other processes. Then the children could simply read this. That is probably the next simplest solution.

Using a multiprocessing.Manager would allow you to share a dict between processes. There is however a certain amount of overhead associated with this.

Or you could try calling multiprocessing.set_start_method("fork") before creating processes or pools and see if it doesn't crash in your case. That would revert to the pre-3.8 method on MacOs. But as documented in this bug, there are real problems with using the fork method on MacOs. Reading the issue indicates that fork might be OK as long as you don't use threads.

The issue is self.root.update(). Remove this line and you'll be fine. When should I use root.update() in tkInter for python.

This is a tricky issue. Your problem come from the bind of the configure event. Bind to the root window, it is applied to all sub-widgets of the window, which cause the bug (I don't know why yet).

This will solve your issue (line 202):

As usual for a process that wants to start another process, it does a fork/exec, like a shell does. But in the new process, GDB doesn't just make an execve system call right away.

Instead, it calls ptrace(PTRACE_TRACEME) to wait for the parent process to attach to it, so GDB (the parent) is already attached before the child process makes an execve() system call to make this process start executing the specified executable file.

Also note in the execve(2) man page:

If the current program is being ptraced, a SIGTRAP signal is sent to it after a successful execve().

So that's how the kernel debugging API supports stopping before the first user-space instruction is executed in a newly-execed process. i.e. exactly what starti wants. This doesn't depend on setting a breakpoint; that can't happen until after execve anyway, and with ASLR the correct address isn't even known until after execve picks a base address. (GDB by default disables ASLR, but it still works if you tell it not to disable ASLR.)

This is also what GDB use if you set breakpoints before run, manually, or by using start to set a one-time breakpoint on main. Before the starti command existed, a hack to emulate that functionality was to set an invalid breakpoint before run, so GDB would stop on that error, giving you control at that point.

If you strace -f -o gdb.trace gdb ./foo or something, you'll see some of what GDB does. (Nested tracing apparently doesn't work, so running GDB under strace means GDB's ptrace system call fails, but we can see what it does leading up to that.)

From this migration guide, the d3.event.transform must be replaced with the following

Here it is how I do this:

Your lambda with corrected body: