epsilon | Physically Based Spectral Renderer | Graphics library
kandi X-RAY | epsilon Summary
kandi X-RAY | epsilon Summary
. This is a small, and self-contained, raytracing renderer I’m working on. It was never designed to rival with existing high-profile renderers, as I developed it mostly for fun and as an exercise in software design, though I am releasing it, in the hope that someone will find it of some value. The εpsilon renderer is coded in C++11, and is powered by OpenCL.
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QUESTION
I am aware that floating-point numbers are tricky. But today I encountered a case that I cannot explain (and cannot reproduce using a standalone C++ code).
The code within a large project looks like this:
...ANSWER
Answered 2021-Jun-15 at 09:57Barring the undefined behavior which can be easily be fixed, you're seeing the effect of denormal numbers. They're extremely slow (see Why does changing 0.1f to 0 slow down performance by 10x?) so in modern FPUs there are usually denormals-are-zero (DAZ) and flush-to-zero (FTZ) flags to control the denormal behavior. When DAZ is set the denormals will compare equal to zero which is what you observed
Currently you'll need platform-specific code to disable it. Here's how it's done in x86:
QUESTION
I am trying the equatiomatic package to plot my lmer model.
...ANSWER
Answered 2021-Jun-14 at 20:36I'm the developer of that package. It should work with lme4::lmer()
equations. The issue here is with dropping the intercept but having it vary randomly at higher levels. See this issue for more details.
If you have suggestions for how you would expect the equation to render, I'm open to working out a fix. But for now, equatiomatic::extract_eq()
assumes that whatever random effects you have also have corresponding fixed effects.
QUESTION
I have a line line intersection function (infinite lines) of which both lines are defined by two points.
It does not seem to find the correct intersection point but I don't know where I have gone wrong. I created the function following the math explanation on Wikipedia:
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Line%E2%80%93line_intersection#Given_two_points_on_each_line
This is my attempt at making the function from the math:
...ANSWER
Answered 2021-Jun-14 at 02:43This line
QUESTION
if (std::abs(double1 - double2) < std::numeric_limits::epsilon())
std::cout<<"Equal";
else
std::cout<<"Not equal";
...ANSWER
Answered 2021-Jun-09 at 18:46Is this code with modern C++11/14/17/21 is still the way we should compare float and doubles, or now it's ok just to write
if (double1 == double2)
And compiler will handle the epsilon issue for us?
Both approaches function the same in modern C++ as they did in early C++.
Both approaches are also flawed.
Using
==
assumes that your code has accounted for any floating point rounding errors, and it's very rare/difficult for code to do that.Comparing against epsilon assumes that a reasonable amount of rounding error will be less than the constant epsilon, and that is very likely a wrong assumption!
- If your numbers have magnitude greater than
2.0
, your epsilon trick will be no different from direct comparison, and have the same flaws. Regardless of whether you use<
or<=
. - If your numbers have the same sign and a magnitude smaller than epsilon, your epsilon trick will say they are always equal, even if one is hundreds of times larger than the other. They would both be equal to zero, too.
- If your numbers have magnitude greater than
A wise approach may be to avoid writing code that depends on whether floating point numbers are equal. Instead test if they are relatively close, by some factor.
The code below will test whether two numbers are within about 0.01% of each other. Regardless of their scale.
QUESTION
Consider the loop below. This is a simplified example of a problem I am trying to solve. I want to limit the number of times doSomething function is called in each second. Since the loop works very fast, I thought I could use a rate limiter. Let's assume that I have found an appropriate value by running it with different x numbers.
...ANSWER
Answered 2021-Jun-06 at 20:31If I understand the issue proberly, you could use a std::chrono::steady_clock
that you just add a second to every time a second has passed.
Example:
QUESTION
I'm making a bubble map similar to this one: https://observablehq.com/@d3/bubble-map
Everything is working except that my smaller bubbles are not always showing on top of the larger ones. I can't see why, as I've sorted the data before drawing the circles. Can anyone see what I'm doing wrong?
Here is a plunker: https://plnkr.co/edit/JKWeQKkhN2TQwvNZ?open=lib%2Fscript.js
Code is below. The other files are too large for stack overflow but can be accessed via the Plunker.
...ANSWER
Answered 2021-Jun-08 at 00:26I would suggest you to split your data to a couple separate datasets grouped by size and create distinct group (g
element) for each one. This will also fix issues with circles highlighting.
I slightly updated your plunker to make it work as described (check the lines 91-167) https://plnkr.co/edit/rayo5IZQrBqfqBWR?open=lib%2Fscript.js&preview
Also check the raise and lower methods. They might be a good replacement for your moveToFront
and moveToBack
methods.
https://riptutorial.com/d3-js/example/18029/svg--the-drawing-order
QUESTION
I am trying to draw the following: Given a bar chart in ggplot similar to this one: a grouped bar chart, flipped over x axis.
I would like to draw a line on top of each of the bars. The longitude of the line is defined in the dataframe df2. (think about it as some sort of standard deviation)
The longitude of the line is defined, and it will be centered at the highest point of each bar. As you can see this is not similar to a boxplot, it is a line that will always remain constant and centered on top of each bar.
So I was wondering if it was possible to do this with the code I am showing in the next Section. In excel it is quite fast to do this using what is called a Box and wisker plot. The final result should look like the following:
This is the code I am currently using, hope someone can please help me out.
...ANSWER
Answered 2021-May-19 at 17:03You probably want to use 'geom_errorbar' which will flip when 'coord_flip' is called as well.
An example from my own data is here:
QUESTION
I am trying to do some sample code of GAN
, here comes the generator.
I want to see the visualized model but, this is not the model.
Model.summary()
is not the function of tensorflow but it is keras?? if so how can I see visualized model??
ANSWER
Answered 2021-Jun-03 at 10:47One possible solution (or an idea) is to wrap your tensorflow operation into the Lambda layer and use it to build the keras model. Something like
QUESTION
I am trying to learn a custom environment using the TFAgents package. I am following the Hands-on-ML book (Code in colab see cell 129). My aim is to use DQN agent on a custom-written grid world environment.
Grid-World environment:
...ANSWER
Answered 2021-Jun-02 at 22:36You cannot use TensorSpec
with PyEnvironment
class objects, this is why your attempted solution does not work. A simple fix should be to use the original code
QUESTION
I have a list of lists called cj1. Each list contains multiple data frames/elements. I want to extract the first element/data frame from each list in a separate list of data frames. The first rows in the first element of each list look like this
...ANSWER
Answered 2021-Jun-02 at 21:23So after messing around, the answer seems to be very simple: `results1<-cj1["coefficients",]. This creates the list that I want. Akrun, if you read this, thank you for your support.
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LOW_RES_TIMER: disables all high-resolution timers and replaces them with a low-resolution (seconds only), but portable timer. For Linux as Windows has guaranteed high-resolution timer support, but this flag should still take effect under Windows.
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