gpr | General Purpose Raw image format | Computer Vision library
kandi X-RAY | gpr Summary
kandi X-RAY | gpr Summary
The General Purpose Raw (GPR) is 12-bit raw image coding format that is based on Adobe DNG standard. Image compression is a balance of speed, file size and photo quality, and typically one can only choose two. GPR was designed to provide a better tradeoff for all three parameters than what's possible with DNG or any other raw format. The intention of GPR is not to compete with DNG, rather to be as close as possible to DNG. This guarantees compatibility with applications that already understand DNG, but provide an alternate compression scheme in situations where compression and encoding/decoding speed matter. Action cameras, like that from GoPro, have limited computing resources, so ability to compress data using fewest CPU cycles matters. File sizes matter because GoPro cameras can record thousands of images very quickly using timelapse and burst mode features. As the world shifts from desktop to mobile, people now shoot and process more and more photos on smartphones which are always limited on storage space and bandwidth. And last but not the least, image quality matters because we want GPR to provide visually transparent image quality when compared to uncompressed DNG. All this combined enables customers to capture DSLR-class image quality in a GPR file that has nearly same size as JPEG, on a camera that is as small and rugged as a GoPro.
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QUESTION
In JavaScript, for some research I'm trying to simulate the process of following some x86-64 Assembly instructions from scratch. The first step is to properly initiate and be able to perform basic math with any two registers as operators. Since each smaller register in the General Purpose Registers is a piece of a larger register, I initiated the 16 GPR registers as ArrayBuffers and then used a Register
class to create the correct views on the 16 buffers.
But my math operations must be able to handle 64-bit and greater register sizes, so my getOperand
method tried to create a BigUint64Array
, with any parts of the ArrayBuffer
that shouldn't be included in the operation zeroed out. The BigUInt64Array is initializing as a much larger value than it should be.
You'll see when you run the example. I'm not even sure I'm going about this right. Could someone explain the best way to improve this, or what's wrong with what I'm doing?
Note: The typed arrays and buffers being logged in this snippet are much easier to read if you F12 the Dev Console rather than the logs rendered by SO.
...ANSWER
Answered 2021-May-22 at 20:50Don't make it so complicated. joinArrayBuffers
and padArrayBufferTo64
are very inefficient, notice that buffers and typed arrays have quite some overhead in JS - they are designed to hold large binary data, not individual values, and you should try to create them once and only read/write to them afterwards.
Instead of trying to use BigUint64Array
for all your operands, and moving around buffers, I would recommend to use the appropriately sized typed arrays for your smaller registers, and just cast the number to a bigint after accessing the array (if you need bigints for all your ALU operations at all - a 32 bit ALU is probably much more efficient to implement).
QUESTION
I have been trying to follow GitHub tutorial to publish a package. The problem is that I get the following error when trying to run Gradle:
...ANSWER
Answered 2021-May-22 at 12:56You did not provide the type of publication, so you use just a basic Publication
. from()
is a function of MavenPublication
, so you need to explicitly specify that you need a MavenPublication
:
QUESTION
Originally I was trying to reproduce the effect described in Agner Fog's microarchitecture guide section "Warm-up period for YMM and ZMM vector instructions" where it says that:
The processor turns off the upper parts of the vector execution units when it is not used, in order to save power. Instructions with 256-bit vectors have a throughput that is approximately 4.5 times slower than normal during an initial warm-up period of approximately 56,000 clock cycles or 14 μs.
I got the slowdown, although it seems like it was closer to ~2x instead of 4.5x. But what I've found is on my CPU (Intel i7-9750H Coffee Lake) the slowdown is not only affecting 256-bit operations, but also 128-bit vector ops and scalar floating point ops (and even N number of GPR-only instructions following XMM touching instruction).
Code of the benchmark program:
...ANSWER
Answered 2021-Apr-01 at 06:19The fact that you see throttling even for narrow SIMD instructions is a side-effect of a behavior I call implicit widening.
Basically, on modern Intel, if the upper 128-255 bits are dirty on any register in the range ymm0
to ymm15
, any SIMD instruction is internally widened to 256 bits, since the upper bits need to be zeroed and this requires the full 256-bit registers in the register file to be powered and probably the 256-bit ALU path as well. So the instruction acts for the purposes of AVX frequencies as if it was 256-bit wide.
Similarly, if bits 256 to 511 are dirty on any zmm register in the range zmm0
to zmm15
, operations are implicitly widened to 512 bits.
For the purposes of light vs heavy instructions, the widened instructions have the same type as they would if they were full width. That is, a 128-bit FMA which gets widened to 512 bits acts as "heavy AVX-512" even though only 128 bits of FMA is occurring.
This applies to all instructions which use the xmm/ymm registers, even scalar FP operations.
Note that this doesn't just apply to this throttling period: it means that if you have dirty uppers, a narrow SIMD instruction (or scalar FP) will cause a transition to the more conservative DVFS states just as a full-width instruction would do.
QUESTION
I'm creating some GPflow models in which I need the observations pre and post of a threshold x0
to be independent a priori. I could achieve this with just GP models, or with a ChangePoints kernel with infinite steepness, but both solutions don't work well with my future extensions in mind (MOGP in particular).
I figured I could easily construct what I want from scratch, so I made a new Combination kernel object, which uses the appropriate child kernel pre- or post x0
. This works as intended when I evaluate the kernel on a set of input points; the expected correlations between points before and after threshold are zero, and the rest is determined by the children kernels:
ANSWER
Answered 2021-Mar-31 at 14:11this is not a GPflow issue but a subtlety of TensorFlow's eager vs graph mode: In eager mode (which is the default behaviour when you interact with tensors "manually" as in calling the kernel) K_pre.shape
works just as expected. In graph mode (which is what happens when you wrap code in tf.function()
, this generally does not always work (e.g. the shape might depend on tf.Variables with None shapes), and you have to use tf.shape(K_pre)
instead to obtain the dynamic shape (that depends on the actual values inside the variables). GPflow's Scipy class by default wraps the loss&gradient computation inside tf.function()
to speed up optimization. If you explicitly turn this off by passing compile=False
to the minimize() call, your code example runs fine. If you replace the .shape
attributes with tf.shape()
calls to fix it properly, it likewise will run fine.
QUESTION
I am trying to run a query in snowflake:
...ANSWER
Answered 2021-Mar-12 at 19:26So correlated sub queries can normally be turn into some form of join in you case the primary things you are doing is matching on two columns and selecting what appears randomly (if you have more than 1 row in active=false state) a row, this can be turned into a row_number() and using QUALITY as the equivalent as LIMIT.
Thus:
QUESTION
I have a code in Ada that must use CUDA without using the Ada binding. So I made an interface that allows the Ada program to call C code. Now I want to compile it.
How can I tell gprbuild to not use gcc to compile .cu
files by nvcc? If it's not possible, maybe I have to generate the objects using nvcc and then link them with the ada code? How would you do it?
EDIT: Using the link given by Simon Wright, I made this gpr file:
...ANSWER
Answered 2021-Mar-10 at 04:59Thanks to the comments, I successfully compiled and ran an Ada program calling C code which calls CUDA code. These are the files I edited :
kernel.cuh
QUESTION
I'm trying to build an Ada application that calls C code. The C code use the function sqrt
from math.h
. If I remove the call to sqrt
, the compilation and linkage work perfectly. When I try with the sqrt
call, the linker tells me undefined reference to sqrt
.
This is my gpr file:
...ANSWER
Answered 2021-Mar-09 at 10:33Your main program is in Ada,
so you should tell your compiler to link Ada with -lm
, even if the call is made from C:
QUESTION
I am trying to get SHAP values for a Gaussian Processes Regression (GPR) model using SHAP library. However, all SHAP values are zero. I am using the example in the official documentation. I only changed the model to GPR.
...ANSWER
Answered 2021-Mar-03 at 14:41Your model doesn't predict anything:
QUESTION
I'm just trying to get a count of rows for a values in a given column, for example:
CSV Data:
...ANSWER
Answered 2021-Feb-24 at 04:25Pandas sees the first column as 'Occupation' not Occupation.
use this:-
QUESTION
i'm studying gaussian process regression, and i'm trying to use the built-in functions from scikit-learn, and also trying to impement a custom function for doing so.
This is the code when using scikit-learn:
...ANSWER
Answered 2021-Feb-20 at 18:17As suggested by San Mason, adding noise actually works! Otherwise, while you do it manually (in the custom code), set the initial noise to reasonably low and have multiple restarts with different initializations then you will get values close by. By the way, noiseless data seems to be creating a stationary ridge in the space of hyperparameters (like Fig. 1.6 in Surrogates GP book). Note that scikit-learn noise is sigma_n^2
for your custom function. Below are the snippets of noisy and noise-less cases.
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