dns | A DNS library written in C | DNS library

December 10,2021.
I'm using vscode with ubuntu 20.04.
I came across the XHR errors from yesterday and could not install any extensions.
Googled a lot but nothing works.
Eventually I downloaded and installed the newest version of VSCode(deb version) and everything is fine now. (I don't know why but maybe you can give it a try! Good Luck!)

Might not be the ideal fix, but can you try changing the externalTrafficPolicy to Local. This would prevent the health check on the nodes which don't run the application to fail. This way the traffic will only be forwarded to the node where the application is . Setting externalTrafficPolicy to local is also a requirement to preserve source IP of the connection. Also, can you share the health check config for both NLB and LB that you are using. When you change the externalTrafficPolicy, note that the health check for LB would change and the same needs to be applied to NLB.

Edit: Also note that you need a security list/ network security group added to your node subnet/nodepool, which allows traffic on all protocols from the worker node subnet.

That looks like argoproj/argo-cd issue 1510, where the initial diagnostic was that the cluster is blocking outbound connections to GitHub. And it suggested to check the egress configuration.

Yet, the issue was resolved with an ingress rule configuration:

need to define in values.yaml.
argo-cd default provide subdomain but in our case it was /argocd

This is a long-standing issue #6351 in Xamarin.Android, caused by LetsEncrypt's root expiring and them moving to a new root.

Below is a copy of my post in that issue explaining the situation and the workarounds. See other posts in that thread for details on the workarounds.

Scott Helme has a fantastic write-up of the situation. Go and read that first, then I'll describe how (I think) this applies to xamarin-android.

I'm going to copy the key diagram from that article (source):

The red chain is what used to happen: the IdenTrust DST Root CA X3 is an old root certificate which is trusted pretty much everywhere, including on Android devices from 2.3.6 onwards. This is what LetsEncrypt used to use as their root, and it meant that everyone trusted them. However, this IdenTrust DST Root CA X3 recently expired, which means that a bunch of devices won't trust anything signed by it. LetsEncrypt needed to move to their own root certificate.

The blue chain is the ideal new one -- the ISRG Root X1 is LetsEncrypt's own root certificate, which is included on Android 7.1.1+. Android devices >= 7.1.1 will trust certificates which have been signed by this ISRG Root X1.

However, the problem is that old pre-7.1.1 Android devices don't know about ISRG Root X1, and don't trust this.

The workaround which LetsEncrypt is using is that old Android devices don't check whether the root certificate has expired. They therefore by default serve a chain which includes LetsEncrypt's root ISRG Root X1 certificate (which up-to-date devices trust), but also include a signature from that now-expired IdenTrust DST Root CA X3. This means that old Android devices trust the chain (as they trust the IdenTrust DST Root CA X3, and don't check whether it's expired), and newer devices also trust the chain (as they're able to work out that even though the root of the chain has expired, they still trust that middle ISRG Root X1 certificate as a valid root in its own right, and therefore trust it).

This is the green path, the one which LetsEncrypt currently serves by default.

However, the BoringSSL library used by xamarin-android isn't Android's SSL library. It 1) Doesn't trust the IdenTrust DST Root CA X3 because it's expired, and 2) Isn't smart enough to figure out that it does trust the ISRG Root X1 which is also in the chain. So if you serve the green chain in the image above, it doesn't trust it. Gack.

The options therefore are:

1. Don't use BoringSSL and do use Android's SSL library. This means that xamarin-android behaves the same as other Android apps, and trusts the expired root. This is done by using AndroidClientHandler as described previously. This should fix Android >= 2.3.6.
2. Do use BoringSSL but remove the expired IdenTrust DST Root CA X3 from Android's trust store ("Digital Signature Trust Co. - DST Root CA X3" in the settings). This tricks BoringSSL into stopping its chain at the ISRG Root X1, which it trusts (on Android 7.1.1+). However this will only work on Android devices which trust the ISRG Root X1, which is 7.1.1+.
3. Do use BoringSSL, and change your server to serve a chain which roots in the ISRG Root X1, rather than the expired IdenTrust DST Root CA X3 (the blue chain in the image above), using --preferred-chain "ISRG Root X1". This means that BoringSSL ignores the IdenTrust DST Root CA X3 entirely, and roots to the ISRG Root X1. This again will only work on Android devices which trust the ISRG Root X1, i.e. 7.1.1+.
4. Do the same as 3, but by manually editing fullchain.pem.
5. Use another CA such as ZeroSSL, which uses a root which is trusted back to Android 2.2, and which won't expire until 2038.

There are quite a few gaps in the code posted, but I attempted to replicate and in doing so ended up refactoring a bit.

This version seems pretty robust, with the actual call to SendAsync wrapped in an adapter class.

I accept this doesn't necessarily answer the question directly, but in the absence of being able to replicate your problem exactly, offers an alternative way of structuring the code that may eliminate the problem.

Well, this is interesting. I did not think of searching for lsof's COMMAND column, before.

Turns out, ControlCe means "Control Center" and beginning with Monterey, macOS does listen ports 5000 & 7000 on default.

1. Go to System Preferences > Sharing
2. Uncheck AirPlay Receiver.
3. Now, you should be able to restart puma as usual.

Source: https://developer.apple.com/forums/thread/682332

This is something that seem to have changed between pgAdmin4 5.1 and 5.7. I've seen this on a machine that had been connected to a WiFi mobile hotspot (but it could happen in other circumstances).

It has something to do with the way the dns library is used on Windows, so this could happen to other applications that use it in the same way.

Essentially, dns.Resolver scans the Windows registry for all network interfaces found under HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Tcpip\Parameters\Interfaces\

The WiFi mobile hotspot that machine had been connected to had set a DhcpDomain key with value ".home". The dns.Resolver found this value and split it using the dot into multiple labels, one of them being empty. That caused the exception you mention: dns.name.EmptyLabel: A DNS label is empty.

This occurred even when the WiFi network was turned off: those were the last settings that had been in use and dns.Resolver didn't check whether the interface was enabled.

The latest version of pgAdmin seems to be an older version of dnspython (1.16.0), so I'm not sure whether this has been fixed in more recent versions. For now, there seems to be two options:

• Delete or change the DhcpDomain subkey if you find it in on of the subkeys of HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Tcpip\Parameters\Interfaces\ (there might even be a way to force that value through the Control Panel).

• Connect to a different network that doesn't set this value.

each ssh server have host ssh keys, which are used for

1. auth host and later check that you are connecting to the same host
2. to establish secure connection (exchange credentials in secure way)

So first time you are connecting to any ssh server, you will get public key and fingerprint of this key, and proposition to store fingerprint in "known hosts" file.

fingerprint is a new option just in addition to "yes", so you can provide fingerprint manually if you have received it in other way. https://github.com/openssh/openssh-portable/commit/05b9a466700b44d49492edc2aa415fc2e8913dfe

seems manpages is not updated yet.

HttpClient, please forgive me! It was not your fault!

Well, this investigation was huge. And I'll have to split the answer into two parts since there turned out to be two unconnected problems.

As I said, the utility was being tested from behind a corporate proxy. In case if you haven't known (like I haven't till the latest days) when using a proxy server it's not your machine performing DNS queries - it's the proxy server doing this for you.

I've made some measurements to understand for how long does the utility keep connecting to the wrong DC after the DNS record switch. And the answer was the fantastic exact 30 minutes. This experiment has also clearly shown that local Windows DNS cache has nothing to do with it: those 30 minutes were starting exactly at the point when the proxy server was waking up (was finally starting to send HTTP requests to the right DC).

The exact number of 30 minutes has helped one of our administrators to finally figure out that the proxy servers have a configuration parameter of minimal DNS TTL which is set to 1800 seconds by default. So the proxies have their own DNS cache. These are hardware Cisco proxies and the admin has also noted that this parameter is "hidden quite deeply" and is not even mentioned in the user manual.

As soon as the minimal proxies' DNS TTL was changed from 1800 seconds to 1 second (yeah, admins have no mercy) the issue stopped reproducing on my machine.

Well. As I also said there are several proxies. There is a single corporate proxy DNS name, but if you run nslookup for it - it shows multiple IPs behind it. Each time the proxy server's IP address is resolved (for example when local cache expires) - there's quite a bit of a chance that you'll jump onto another proxy server.

And that's exactly what ipconfig /flushdns has been doing to me. As soon as I started playing around with proxy servers using their direct IP addresses instead of their common DNS name I found that different proxies may easily route identical requests to different DCs. That's because some of them have those 30-minutes-cached DNS records while others have to perform resolving.

Unfortunately, after the proxies theory has been proven, another news came in: the production monitoring servers are placed outside of the corporate network and they do not use any proxy servers. So here we go...

The monitoring servers are configured to use 8.8.8.8 and 8.8.4.4 Google's DNS servers. Resolve responses for our short-lived DNS records from these servers are somewhat weird:

• The returned TTL of CNAME records swings at around 1 hour mark. It gradually decreases for several minutes and then jumps back to 3600 seconds - and so on.
• The returned TTL of the root A-record is almost always exactly 60 seconds. I was occasionally receiving various numbers less than 60 but there was no any obvious humanly-percievable logic. So it seems like these IP addresses in fact point to balancers that distribute requests between multiple similar DNS servers which are not synced with each other (and each of them has its own cache).

Windows is not stupid and according to my experiments it doesn't care about CNAME's TTL and only cares about the root A-record TTL, so its client cache even for CNAME records is never assigned a TTL higher than 60 seconds.

But due to the inconsistency (or in some sense over-consistency?) of the A-record TTL which Google's servers return (unpredictable 0-60 seconds) the Windows local cache gets confused. There were two facts which demonstrated it:

• Multiple calls to Resolve-DnsName for site1 and site2 over several minutes with random pauses between them have eventually led to Get-ClientDnsCache showing the local cache TTLs of the two site names diverged on up to 15 seconds. This is a big enough difference to sometimes mess the things up. And that's just my short experiment, so I'm quite sure that it might actually get bigger.
• Executing Invoke-WebRequest to each of the sites one right after another once in every 3-5 seconds while switching the DNS records has let me twicely face a situation when the requests went to different DCs.

The latter experiment had one strange detail I can't explain. Calling Get-DnsClientCache after Invoke-WebRequest shows no records appear in the local cache for the just-requested site names. But anyway the problem clearly has been reproduced.

It would take time to see whether my workaround with real-time DNS resolving would bring any improvement. Unfortunately, I don't believe it will - the DNS servers used at production (which would eventually be used by the monitoring utility for real-time IP resolving) are public Google DNS which are not reliable in my case.

And one thing which is worse than an intermittently failing monitoring utility is that real-world users are also relying on public DNS servers and they definitely do face problems during our maintenance works or significant failures.

So have we learned anything out of all this?

• Maybe a short DNS TTL is generally a bad practice?
• Maybe we should install additional routers, assign them static IPs, attach the DNS names to them and then route traffic internally between our DCs to finally stop relying on DNS records changing?
• Or maybe public DNS servers are doing a bad job?
• Or maybe the technological singularity is closer than we think?

I have no idea. But its quite possible that "yes" is the right answer to all of these questions.

However there is one thing we surely have learned: network hardware manufacturers shall write their documentation better.