fibonacci | Golang Project Example - Fibonacci Numbers Calculator | Apps library
kandi X-RAY | fibonacci Summary
kandi X-RAY | fibonacci Summary
Fibonacci Calculator calculates n-th Fibonacci number. It computes Fibonacci numbers in time O(log(n)) and uses 'Rising a matrix to the power' method. Algorithm is implemented in library but you also can use utility 'fib' to calculate Fibonacci numbers using command-line.
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QUESTION
I'm trying to make a code box you can see in image . My question is how can ı change code in code tag when click another language button ?
...ANSWER
Answered 2022-Apr-07 at 11:55You have to put some Javascript code. If click on JavaScript tab, display none
PHP tab data and if click on PHP tab, display none
the Javascript tab data.
Here down is code:
QUESTION
I would like to write a struct which will generate an infinite sequence of fibonacci numbers in a way compatible with std::ranges
and range adaptors.
So if I wanted the first 5 even fibonacci numbers, I would write something like this:
...ANSWER
Answered 2022-Feb-09 at 07:56Edit: As it was pointed out by 康桓瑋 in the comments, there has been a better, cleaner solution presented at Cppcon, link, by Tristan Brindle.
I think this could serve as a quick reference to make custom iterator-based generators.
By your requirements, something
must be a std::ranges::view
, meaning it must be a moveable std::ranges::range
deriving from std::ranges::view_interface
.
We can tackle all three with the following:
QUESTION
I am trying to learn how to use the ST Monad
. I wonder if it is possible to print values as actions are taken. For example with a Fibonacci
function in the ST Monad
:
ANSWER
Answered 2022-Feb-04 at 03:10TLDR: No, you cannot use print
or other IO-related functions in the ST monad. Use IORef
s in the IO monad for both mutability and the ability to print values.
Full answer:
In Haskell, every value is immutable. This helps preserve its purity. Purity also does not allow side effects such as printing or user input.
A program which cannot take input or print output, however, is useless. So, Haskell has explicit impure functions within the IO
monad. By means of IORef
s, you can also have mutability within the IO monad.
But sometimes, you need to use mutability to increase the efficiency of a function, and can guarantee that the function is pure or referentially transparent (i. e. The same input will always give the same output). This is the purpose of the ST
monad.
The ST
monad doesn’t allow arbitrary side effects such as printing, since that would destroy its purity. It only allows interior mutation within it, and once you escape the monad using runST
, it appears as a pure computation to the rest of the program.
So, if you really need to print values and have mutation, use IORefs
in the IO
monad. For pure functions with interior mutation, use ST
.
Note: it is possible to add IO to pure functions with unsafePerformIO
, and to ST with unsafeIOToST
. As the name indicates, they are unsafe and should be avoided unless absolutely necessary (which they usually aren’t).
QUESTION
I am currently learning Rust, and as a first exercise I wanted to implement a function that computes the nth fibonacci number:
...ANSWER
Answered 2022-Jan-21 at 08:21TL;DR: It's not Rust vs C++, it's LLVM (Clang) vs GCC.
Different optimizers optimize the code differently, and in this case GCC produces larger but faster code.
This can be verified using godbolt.
Here is Rust, compiled with both GCC (via rustgcc-master):
QUESTION
The Mozilla Developer Network has the following example of passing a value to next()
and how it's captured by yield
:
ANSWER
Answered 2022-Jan-20 at 21:10QUESTION
As a toy example, let's use the Fibonacci sequence:
...ANSWER
Answered 2022-Jan-02 at 14:24To describe something as "a callable with a memory attribute", you could define a protocol (Python 3.8+, or earlier versions with typing_extensions
):
QUESTION
I have done my first package for Deno, and then I publish it to deno.land/x/.
I would like to know if there is a way to Ignore some files and dires at the time of upload the package, example: [".github",".vim","test_deps.ts"].
Pretty much like .npmignore.
...ANSWER
Answered 2021-Sep-23 at 06:45There is not currently a way to ignore files, but if you'd like to only include certain files, you can organize them separately in a subdirectory of your repository, and use that option when publishing your module:
The subdirectory that you choose in this step will become the root of the module's file hierarchy.
QUESTION
In coding up a simple Fibonacci script, I found some 'odd' behaviour in how Python treats numpy.int32 vs how it treats regular int numbers.
Can anyone help me understand what causes this behaviour?
Using the Fibonacci code as follows, leveraging caching to significantly speed things up;
...ANSWER
Answered 2021-Nov-12 at 11:23Python's "integers have unlimited precision". This was built into the language so that new users have "one less thing to learn".
Though maybe not in your case, or for anyone using NumPy. That library is designed to make computations as fast as possible. It therefore uses data types that are well supported by the CPU architecture, such as 32-bit and 64-bit integers that neatly fit into a CPU register and have an invariable memory footprint.
But then we're back to dealing with overflow problems like in any other programming language. NumPy does warn about that though:
QUESTION
I found an interesting problem recently, which looks like this:
There is a dull sorting algorithm which takes the 1st number from an array, it finds an element which is lower by 1 than the 1st element (or it takes the highest element when there is no lower one), and puts it in the front. Cost of putting element with index x (counting from 0) in the front is equal to its index. It continues this process until the array is sorted. The task is to count the cost of sorting all the n! permutations of numbers from 1 to n. The answer might be big so the answer should be modulo m (n and m are given in the input)
Example:
...ANSWER
Answered 2021-Nov-03 at 23:52From the sorted permutation 123...n, you can build a tree using the reverse of the rule, and get all the permutations. See this tree for n=4.
Now, observe that
if node==1234 then cost(node) = 0
if node!=1234 then cost(node) = blue_label(node) + cost(parent)
What you need is to formulate the reverse rule to generate the tree. Maybe use some memoization technique to avoid recomputing cost everytime.
QUESTION
The variety of books, articles, blog posts suggests that rewriting recursive function into tail recursive function makes it faster. No doubts it is faster for trivial cases like generating Fibonacci numbers or calculating factorial. In such cases there is a typical approach to rewrite - by using "helper function" and additional parameter for intermediate results.
TAIL RECURSION is the great description of the differences between tail recursive and not tail recursive functions and the possible way how to turn the recursive function into a tail recursive one. What is important for such rewriting - the number of function calls is the same (before/after rewriting), the difference comes from the way how those calls are optimized for tail recursion.
Nevertheless, it is not always possible to convert the function into tail recursive one with such an easy trick. I would categorize such cases as below
- Function still can be rewritten into tail recursive but that might require additional data structures and more substantial changes in the implementation
- Function cannot be rewritten into tail recursive with any means but recursion still can be avoided by using loops and imitating stack (I'm not 100% sure that tail recursion is impossible in some cases and I cannot describe how identify such cases, so if there is any academical research on this subject - the link would be highly appreciated)
Now let me consider specific example when function can be rewritten into tail recursive by using additional structures and changing the way algorithm works.
Sample task: Print all sequences of length n containing 1 and 0 and which do not have adjacent 1s.
Obvious implementation which comes to mind first is below (on each step, if current value is 0 then we generate two sequences with length n-1 otherwise we generate only sequence with length n-1 which starts from 0)
...ANSWER
Answered 2021-Oct-22 at 11:07The class of functions in 1 is empty: any computable function written in a recursive style has a tail-recursive equivalent (at the limit, since there's a tail-recursive implementation of a Turing Machine, you can translate any computable function into a Turing Machine definition and then the tail recursive version of that function is running that definition through the tail-recursive implementation of a Turing Machine).
There are likewise no functions for which tail recursion is intrinsically less efficient than non-tail recursion. In your example, for instance, it's simply not correct that "it's much more efficient in terms of memory because no additional data structures of intermediate results are required." The required additional structure of intermediate results is implicit in the call-stack (which goes away in the tail recursive version). While the call stack is likely an array (more space efficient than a linked-list) it also, because of its generality, stores more data than is required.
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