rop | Minimal Railway Oriented Programming for Go | Functional Programming library

Suppose we have some C code that calls upon a function though a function pointer, whether it be through a function pointer table or a function pointer passed as parameter or other, like so:

I am currently learning about binary exploitation. Now i am working with a binary (Linux) that is vulnerable to a stack buffer overflow (ASLR and NX are enabled, and binary is interacted with through network), and i have developed a 2 stage exploit, the first stage leaks the address of the puts function in libc (from the GOT and leak by calling puts to send address), and the 2nd stage uses the leaked address to calculate the address of a few ROP gadgets and the execve function, which is used to gain Remote Code Execution.

The problem is:

I debug the binary in IDA and find the address of puts and execve so then i can calculate the offset of execve from puts. Lets say this offset is x. Then when using the exploit, stage 1 leaks address of puts and then address of execve is found by puts + x. This exploit works fine on my installation of Linux, but i have noticed that in other flavours of linux, the offset x of puts -> execve in libc is different (Assuming because its a different build of libc). So my question is, how can one find the address of another function using a leaked libc address, for a different Linux flavour which has an unknown offset.

I am currently working on a 2D-simulator game that takes place in a Perlin noise-generated terrain that is shown on a 41x23 grid. The player (as of the moment, at the center but not yet given an overlaying icon) can move using the arrow keys, but doing so will keep the player static but move the map accordingly. However, when I move, the JFrame lags like hell. Some JLabel instances change their ImageIcons slower than others, creating huge latency and un-"playability". I have tried replacing the inefficient function update with four functions that "efficiently" move the player faster - but the lag or delay remains. I have also reformatted and refactored the function, to no avail. So, I am stuck.

For more info, I am using 32x32 icons that represent the structures and the domain, and the JFrame is 1280x720 in size. I am confident that this is not due to hardware, as the program runs with other memory- or core- consuming programs. Is there any way to solve the lag or delay?

Main Class

I would like to show only a list of integers before the value '---' does not matter where in list it is i would like it to stop at that ('---') point.

Input:

I have a table named Employee_audit with following schema,

My goal is to write a SQL query which will return in following format, considering the first row also as changed value from null.

Finally reached to below solution

I have a data.frame with the cloumns: id, name, year, rop, des, cax, pcld.

I need to identify the id with the value "1" in at least one column (rop, des, cax e pcld) for all years (2014, 2015, 2016, 2017). After that, I need to identify those that have been discontinued over the years (Ex: 2014 = 1, 2015 = 1, 2016 = 0).

So, as a first step, I thought about transposing the data.frame, to look like this:

I'm trying to build Result Builder that accumulates Errors (in my case they are named Failures as I'm following some code from https://fsharpforfunandprofit.com/). It's current implementation returns first encountered Failure when ideally I'd prefer it to either return Success with desired value or a Failure with a list of all missing/corrupted values. Unfortunately current implementation it's a bit verbose.

Boilerplate code

could you help me to solve the following task, please?

My dataframe has the following content:

1 BEN 2 BIIB 3 BMY 4 COG 5 GPS 6 HAL 7 IPG 8 LLY 9 LOW 10 LUV 11 MRK 12 PSX 13 RMD 14 ROP 15 STT 16 UAA

I would like to save the dataframe df as a txt file. But I need the txt output in the following format (separated by commas): BEN,BIIB,BMY,COG,GPS,HAL,IPG,LLY,LOW,LUV,MRK,PSX,RMD,ROP,STT,UAA

I tried to use:

I find that I am recently often using std::tuple to implement ordering, equality operators, like in below example. Is this a correct and efficient approach? Its especially usefull when multiple variables should be compared in such operators.