guppy | WYSIWYG mathematics editor | Editor library
kandi X-RAY | guppy Summary
kandi X-RAY | guppy Summary
WYSIWYG mathematics editor with structured, searchable, LaTeX-compatible, and parseable output
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QUESTION
The xml format is a good way to store any hierarchical data. As an example we are using the classification of animals
...ANSWER
Answered 2021-May-28 at 10:32What we can see in the html table, is that the first row holds a cell for every hierarchy level which is represented as a column. This means it has to be generated a row with all elements from the highest till the deepest hierarchy level. The element on the deepest hierarchy level is the one without further descendants. To get these we can use this xpath expression
QUESTION
I have a tibble, df
:
ANSWER
Answered 2021-May-18 at 14:46Here is a data.table
way:
QUESTION
Recently I started having some problems with Django (3.1) tests, which I finally tracked down to some kind of memory leak.
I normally run my suite (roughly 4000 tests at the moment) with --parallel=4
which results in a high memory watermark of roughly 3GB (starting from 500MB or so).
For auditing purposes, though, I occasionally run it with --parallel=1
- when I do this, the memory usage keeps increasing, ending up over the VM's allocated 6GB.
I spent some time looking at the data and it became clear that the culprit is, somehow, Webtest - more specifically, its response.html
and response.forms
: each call during the test case might allocate a few MBs (two or three, generally) which don't get released at the end of the test method and, more importantly, not even at the end of the TestCase
.
I've tried everything I could think of - gc.collect()
with gc.DEBUG_LEAK
shows me a whole lot of collectable items, but it frees no memory at all; using delattr()
on various TestCase
and TestResponse
attributes and so on resulted in no change at all, etc.
I'm quite literally at my wits' end, so any pointer to solve this (beside editing the thousand or so tests which use WebTest responses, which is really not feasible) would be very much appreciated.
(please note that I also tried using guppy
and tracemalloc
and memory_profiler
but neither gave me any kind of actionable information.)
I found that one of our EC2 testing instances isn't affected by the problem, so I spent some more time trying to figure this out.
Initially, I tried to find the "sensible" potential causes - for instance, the cached template loader, which was enabled on my local VM and disabled on the EC2 instance - without success.
Then I went all in: I replicated the EC2 virtualenv (with pip freeze
) and the settings (copying the dotenv), and checked out the same commit where the tests were running normally on the EC2.
Et voilà! THE MEMORY LEAK IS STILL THERE!
Now, I'm officially giving up and will use --parallel=2
for future tests until some absolute guru can point me in the right directions.
And now the memory leak is there even with --parallel=2
. I guess that's somehow better, since it looks increasingly like it's a system problem rather than an application problem. Doesn't solve it but at least I know it's not my fault.
Thanks to Tim Boddy's reply to this question I tried using chap
to figure out what's making memory grow. Unfortunately I can't "read" the results properly but it looks like some non-python library is actually causing the problem.
So, this is what I've seen analyzing the core after a few minutes running the tests that I know cause the leak:
ANSWER
Answered 2021-Mar-23 at 13:01First of all, a huge apology: I was mistaken in thinking WebTest was the cause of this, and the reason was indeed in my own code, rather than libraries or anything else.
The real cause was a mixin class where I, unthinkingly, added a dict as class attribute, like
QUESTION
I have a guppy strategy which should enter either long (when guppy becomes green under certain conditions) or short (when guppy becomes red under certain conditions). To determine the colour in pine script I used if/else. What the problem is? I'm getting the third type of colour when none of two conditions are met (let's say grey colour) and in the situation where, for example, i get red1=>grey=>red2 My strategy sends signal to close previous trade when red2 occurs and open new one with the same direction. In my strategy grey is not a signal for entering/exiting the position, so i want to make the current 'grey' to be coloured the same way the previous segment was colored until fully opposite condition was met. I tried else na, but those intermediate condition still gives me wrong signals, i also tried to put plotcolor=plotcolor[1] in 'else' but this type of command cannot be placed in pine script. Can please anyone help me to solve this?
...ANSWER
Answered 2021-Feb-27 at 01:43Try the condition in this form, the gray color will remain only on the first few bars.
QUESTION
I have an array of 100 ints (from 0 to 99) and I implement a Comparable interface. My task now is to confirm that sorting works (even though I know it does). My code is:
...ANSWER
Answered 2020-Oct-11 at 23:37Assume they are in sorted order first. Then return as soon as you find ones that aren't. No need to keep checking upon encountering the first failure. This does a simple verification and does not print any information. It returns true
if sorted in ascending order and false
otherwise. It also presumes the id number is an int
.
QUESTION
I have a large python code base.
At one point I find out (using guppy
but that doesn't really matter) that I have an existing instance of my class BigClass
.
At this point of the code I do not expect to have any living instances of BigClass
since all of them were supposed to be released. I tried calling gc.collect()
How can I trace down where is this instance, why is it still alive, its properties and so on?
...ANSWER
Answered 2020-Sep-01 at 16:33You can find all instances of the class:
QUESTION
I need to iterate over a vector of mutable references; here is a simplified reproduction:
...ANSWER
Answered 2020-Aug-18 at 12:33You are (1) using the wrong syntax for indexing and (2) your type mismatches:
QUESTION
I have a list like this and I want it to change the font-weight to bold of the list item which I was hovering but instead of that it applies the changes for the whole list of all lists of my document (depends on my attempts)
...ANSWER
Answered 2020-Jun-06 at 16:18You can use css element selectors to select some tags contained in another one. Its syntax is very simple:
QUESTION
I'm attempting transition my base docker image from centos 7 to alpine, however I receive gcc errors when trying to install pip packages.
This is a snippet of the error received:
...ANSWER
Answered 2019-Oct-31 at 14:59Missing the header file Python.h
, this file is provide by python2-dev
( -dev
mean package for doing development with ) .
With this https://pkgs.alpinelinux.org/contents you can search all packages that have Python.h
I was able to run pip install pygpgme
by adding these 3 packages :
- python2-dev
- gpgme-dev
- libc-dev
And the Dockerfile
will be :
QUESTION
This is NOT a duplicate of this. I'm not interested in finding out my memory consumption or the matter, as I'm already doing that below. The question is WHY the memory consumption is like this.
Also, even if I did need a way to profile my memory do note that guppy
(the suggested Python memory profiler in the aforementioned link does not support Python 3
and the alternative guppy3
does not give accurate results whatsoever yielding in results such as (see actual sizes below):
ANSWER
Answered 2019-Sep-24 at 13:11When you're opening a file in Python, by default you're opening it in Text-mode. That means that the binary data is decoded based on operating system defaults or explicitly given codecs.
Like all data, textual data is represented by bytes in your computer. Most of the English alphabet is representable in a single byte, e.g. the letter "A" is usually translated to the number 65, or in binary: 01000001
. This encoding (ASCII) is good enough for many cases, but when you want to write text in languages like Romanian, it is already not enough, because the characters ă
, ţ
, etc. are not part of ASCII.
For a while, people used different encodings per language (group), e.g. the Latin-x group of encodings (ISO-8859-x) for languages based on the latin alphabet, and other encodings for other (especially CJK) languages.
If you want to represent some Asian languages, or several different languages, you'll need encodings that encode one character to multiple bytes. That can either be a fixed number (e.g. in UTF-32 and UTF-16) or a variable number, like in the most common "popular" encoding today, UTF-8.
Back to Python: The Python string interface promises many properties, among them random access in O(1) complexity, meaning you can get the 1245th character even from a very long string very quickly. This clashes with the compact UTF-8 encoding: Because one "character" (really: one unicode codepoint) is sometimes one and sometimes several bytes long, Python couldn't just jump to the memory address start_of_string + length_of_one_character * offset
, as the length_of_one_character
varies in UTF-8. Python therefore needs to use a fixed-bytelength encoding.
For optimization reasons it doesn't always use UCS-4 (~UTF-32), because that will waste lots of space when the text is ASCII-only. Instead, Python dynamically chooses either Latin-1, UCS-2, or UCS-4 to store strings internally.
To bring everything together with an example:
Say you want to store the string "soluţie" in memory, from a file encoded as UTF-8. Since the letter ţ
needs two bytes to be represented, Python chooses UCS-2:
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