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I have some data which follows on from a previous question I asked here. I can make my plot using the following:

In a recent, very broad question it was asked how to plot several symbols, like "circles, squares, rectangles, stars, thermometers, and boxplots" with matplotlib. From that list, all but thermometers are obvious as either shown in the documentation or in many existing stackoverflow answers. Since the OP did not seem interested in thermomenters at all, I'd rather ask a new question specifically about thermometers here.

How to plot thermometers in matplotlib?

In principle you can plot any symbol you like, making it either a marker or a Path. There does not seem to be any unicode symbol for thermometers though. Font awesome has a thermometer symbol and plotting FontAwesome symbols in matplotlib is possible. Yet there are only 5 differnt fillings

Also, the color of such font symbol is uniform, yet ideally one would have the inner part of a thermometer (the "mercury pillar") in a different color (probably mostly red for associative reasons) or in different colors as to encode temperature in color as well.

So is it possible to have a temperature symbol where the mercury pillar encodes temperature (or in fact any other quantity) in terms of color and filling level? And if so, how?

(I gave an answer below, alternatives to or improvements of that method are welcome as further answers here.)

I have the following Rmd file

I try to refit this shiny app for my purposes. Since I want to add some text above it, I use the Rmd-Format. The following code is completely the same as in the link, except that I deleted the server- and ui-functions, because otherwise you dont see all the output. (Update: I also threw out the click,zoom and brush-events, to make the code more readable)